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Przeglad Menopauzalny = Menopause Review Jun 2017Premature ovarian failure (POF) is the term usually used to describe women aged younger than 40 years, who present with amenorrhoea, hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, and... (Review)
Review
Premature ovarian failure (POF) is the term usually used to describe women aged younger than 40 years, who present with amenorrhoea, hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, and infertility. POF is a devastating diagnosis for reproductive-aged women. The clinical presentation is diverse, and several different disorders can lead to premature ovarian failure. POF has serious health consequences, including psychological distress, infertility, osteoporosis, autoimmune disorders, ischaemic heart disease, and increased risk of mortality. Hashimoto's disease is the most frequent autoimmune disorder associated with premature ovarian failure. Management should be initiated immediately to prevent long-term consequences. Oestrogen therapy is the mainstay of management. Hormone therapy should be provided to eliminate symptoms of oestrogen deficiency.
PubMed: 28721130
DOI: 10.5114/pm.2017.68592 -
Stem Cell Research & Therapy Mar 2021Premature ovarian failure (POF) is one of the common disorders found in women leading to 1% female infertility. Clinical features of POF are hypoestrogenism or estrogen... (Review)
Review
Premature ovarian failure (POF) is one of the common disorders found in women leading to 1% female infertility. Clinical features of POF are hypoestrogenism or estrogen deficiency, increased gonadotropin level, and, most importantly, amenorrhea. With the development of regenerative medicine, human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) therapy brings new prospects for POF. This study aimed to describe the types of MSCs currently available for POF therapy, their biological characteristics, and their mechanism of action. It reviewed the latest findings on POF to provide the theoretical basis for further investigation and clinical therapy.
Topics: Female; Humans; Immunologic Factors; Male; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency; Regenerative Medicine
PubMed: 33658073
DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02212-0 -
Obstetrics and Gynecology Jun 2009Premature ovarian failure is the term usually used to describe women aged younger than 40 years who present with amenorrhea, hypergonadotropinism, and hypoestrogenism.... (Review)
Review
Premature ovarian failure is the term usually used to describe women aged younger than 40 years who present with amenorrhea, hypergonadotropinism, and hypoestrogenism. Such women may ovulate and even conceive after the diagnosis is made, so it may be more appropriate to refer to these patients as having "primary ovarian insufficiency," or alternatively, as having "hypergonadotropic hypogonadism" or "primary hypogonadism." The clinical presentation is diverse, and several different disorders can lead to premature ovarian failure. Affected women should be investigated for premutations of the FMR1 gene (causing fragile X syndrome in its fullest form) and for adrenal antibodies. Thyroiditis is the most frequent autoimmune disorder associated with premature ovarian failure and should be ruled out as well. Osteopenia is increased in women with premature ovarian failure, and measures to prevent accelerated bone loss are warranted. Hormone therapy (HT) should be provided to eliminate symptoms of estrogen deficiency and help prevent osteopenia, but will not necessarily (and inexplicably) prevent pregnancy in the 5-10% of women who conceive spontaneously after the diagnosis is made. There are no data indicating that these young women are at increased risk of side effects from HT. If pregnancy is desired, use of donor oocytes with in vitro fertilization is most likely to result in pregnancy.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency
PubMed: 19461434
DOI: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181a66843 -
Hormone Research 2007The diagnosis of premature ovarian failure is based on the finding of amenorrhoea before age 40 associated with follicle-stimulating hormone levels in the menopausal... (Review)
Review
The diagnosis of premature ovarian failure is based on the finding of amenorrhoea before age 40 associated with follicle-stimulating hormone levels in the menopausal range. Screening for associated autoimmune disorders and karyotyping, particularly in early onset disease, constitute part of the diagnostic work up. There is no role for ovarian biopsy or ultrasound in making the diagnosis. Management essentially involves hormone replacement and infertility treatment, the most successful being assisted conception with donated oocytes. Embryo cryopreservation, ovarian tissue or oocyte cryopreservation and in vitro maturation of oocytes hold promise in cases where ovarian failure is foreseeable as in women undergoing cancer treatments.
Topics: Autoimmunity; Down Syndrome; Female; Genetic Diseases, Inborn; Genetic Diseases, X-Linked; Hormone Replacement Therapy; Humans; Infertility, Female; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency; Turner Syndrome
PubMed: 17495481
DOI: 10.1159/000102537 -
Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of... Dec 1998In 1% of women, premature ovarian failure develops by 40 years of age, a condition causing amenorrhea, infertility, sex steroid deficiency, and elevated gonadotropins.... (Review)
Review
In 1% of women, premature ovarian failure develops by 40 years of age, a condition causing amenorrhea, infertility, sex steroid deficiency, and elevated gonadotropins. Early loss of ovarian function has significant psychosocial sequelae and major health implications. These young women have a nearly two-fold age-specific increase in mortality rate. Among women with spontaneous premature ovarian failure who have a normal karyotype, half have ovarian follicles remaining in the ovary that function intermittently. Indeed, pregnancies have occurred after the diagnosis of premature ovarian failure. Thus, premature ovarian failure should not be considered as a premature menopause. Young women with this disorder have a 5% to 10% chance for spontaneous pregnancy. Attempts at ovulation induction using various regimens fail to induce ovulation rates greater than those seen in untreated patients; however, oocyte donation for women desiring fertility is an option. Young women with premature ovarian failure need a thorough assessment, sex steroid replacement, and long-term surveillance to monitor therapy. Estrogen-progestin replacement therapy should be instituted as soon as the diagnosis is made. Androgen replacement should also be considered for women with low libido, persistent fatigue, and poor well-being despite taking adequate estrogen replacement. Women with premature ovarian failure should be followed up for the presence of associated autoimmune endocrine disorders such as hypothyroidism, adrenal insufficiency, and diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Autoimmunity; Female; Humans; Infertility, Female; Pregnancy; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency
PubMed: 9922918
DOI: 10.1016/s0889-8529(05)70051-7 -
Human Reproduction Update 2005Premature ovarian failure (POF) causing hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism occurs in 1% of women. In majority of cases the underlying cause is not identified. The known... (Review)
Review
Premature ovarian failure (POF) causing hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism occurs in 1% of women. In majority of cases the underlying cause is not identified. The known causes include: (a) Genetic aberrations, which could involve the X chromosome or autosomes. A large number of genes have been screened as candidates for causing POF; however, few clear causal mutations have been identified. (b) Autoimmune ovarian damage, as suggested by the observed association of POF with other autoimmune disorders. Anti-ovarian antibodies are reported in POF by several studies, but their specificity and pathogenic role are questionable. (c) Iatrogenic following surgical, radiotherapeutic or chemotherapeutic interventions as in malignancies. (d) Environmental factors like viral infections and toxins for whom no clear mechanism is known. The diagnosis is based on finding of amenorrhoea before age 40 associated with FSH levels in the menopausal range. Screening for associated autoimmune disorders and karyotyping, particularly in early onset disease, constitute part of the diagnostic work-up. There is no role of ovarian biopsy or ultrasound in making the diagnosis. Management essentially involves hormone replacement and infertility treatment, the only proven means for the latter being assisted conception with donated oocytes. Embryo cryopreservation, ovarian tissue cryopreservation and oocyte cryopreservation hold promise in cases where ovarian failure is foreseeable as in women undergoing cancer treatments.
Topics: Female; Humans; Infertility, Female; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency
PubMed: 15919682
DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmi012 -
Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology :... Jan 2007Premature ovarian failure (POF) is gonadal failure before the age of 40 years. Several rare causes have been discovered yet we still fail to identify the cause in many... (Review)
Review
Premature ovarian failure (POF) is gonadal failure before the age of 40 years. Several rare causes have been discovered yet we still fail to identify the cause in many cases. Although it was once thought to be a permanent condition, a substantial number of patients experience spontaneous remissions and even pregnancy. HRT remains the cornerstone of treatment and the only proven method of achieving pregnancy in these patients is by ovum donation. New alternatives to HRT and fertility preservation are under development. Basic understanding of ovarian physiology and pathogenesis of POF is necessary for the development of newer therapies.
Topics: Female; Humans; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency
PubMed: 17365451
DOI: 10.1080/01443610601016685 -
Przeglad Menopauzalny = Menopause Review Dec 2016Premature ovarian failure (POF), also termed as primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), is a highly heterogenous condition affecting 0.5-3.0% of women in childbearing age.... (Review)
Review
Premature ovarian failure (POF), also termed as primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), is a highly heterogenous condition affecting 0.5-3.0% of women in childbearing age. These young women comprise quite a formidable group with unique physical and psychological needs that require special attention. Premature ovarian senescence (POS) in all of its forms evolves insidiously as a basically asymptomatic process, leading to complete loss of ovarian function, and POI/POF diagnoses are currently made at relatively late stages. Well-known and well-documented risk factors exist, and the presence or suspicion of autoimmune disorder should be regarded as an important one. Premature ovarian failure is to some degree predictable in its occurrence and should be considered while encountering young women with loss of menstrual regularity, especially when there is a concomitant dysfunction in the immune system.
PubMed: 28250725
DOI: 10.5114/pm.2016.65666 -
Casopis Lekaru Ceskych Dec 2018Premature ovarian failure is a heterogeneous disease that brings about several health risks. We must consider that the use of contraception in adolescent girls can mask...
Premature ovarian failure is a heterogeneous disease that brings about several health risks. We must consider that the use of contraception in adolescent girls can mask this disease for a long time. Assisted reproductive technology has brought hope to women with premature ovarian failure to have their own child. Substitution of hormonal deficiency is important for eliminating unpleasant feelings associated with premature ovarian failure as well as for reducing the risk of late effects. Keywords: premature ovarian failure, hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, amenorrhea, gonadal dysgenesis, cryopreservation.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Female; Humans; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency
PubMed: 30650978
DOI: No ID Found -
Cell Communication and Signaling : CCS Dec 2022Premature ovarian failure is a to some extent unknown and intricate problem with diverse causes and clinical manifestations. The lack of ovarian sex hormones presumably... (Review)
Review
Premature ovarian failure is a to some extent unknown and intricate problem with diverse causes and clinical manifestations. The lack of ovarian sex hormones presumably is effective in the occurrence of ovarian failure. Our progress in this field has been very little despite undertaken scientific research endeavors; scholars still are trying to understand the explanation of this dilemmatic medical condition. In contrast, the practice of clinical medicine has made meaningful strides in providing assurance to the women with premature ovarian insufficiency that their quality of life as well as long-term health can be optimized through timely intervention. Very recently Scientists have investigated the regulating effects of small RNA molecules on steroidogenesis apoptosis, ovulation, gonadal, and corpus luteum development of ovaries. In this literature review, we tried to talk over the mechanisms of miRNAs in regulating gene expression after transcription in the ovary. Video abstract.
Topics: Female; Humans; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency; MicroRNAs; Quality of Life; Ovulation
PubMed: 36564840
DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00992-3