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Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Jun 2019Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a rare inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, characterized by the presence of auto-antibodies directed...
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a rare inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, characterized by the presence of auto-antibodies directed against aquaporin-4 (AQP4) expressed on astrocyte end-feet. Despite NMOSD does not primarily belong to the spectrum of paraneoplastic neurological syndromes, rare cases of association with neoplasia have been outlined. Here, we report the association of NMOSD with ovarian teratoma in 3 cases. Pathological analysis of teratomas revealed glial component strongly expressing AQP4 and closely localized to immune infiltrates. Our series highlight the rare association of teratoma with NMOSD and the possible paraneoplastic mechanism.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aquaporin 4; Female; Humans; Neuromyelitis Optica; Ovarian Neoplasms; Teratoma; Young Adult
PubMed: 30954932
DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2019.03.031 -
Japanese Journal of Radiology Feb 2021Teratoma is a germ cell tumor (GCT) derived from stem cells of the early embryo and the germ line. Teratoma is the most common neoplasm of the ovaries and is usually... (Review)
Review
Teratoma is a germ cell tumor (GCT) derived from stem cells of the early embryo and the germ line. Teratoma is the most common neoplasm of the ovaries and is usually diagnosed easily using imagings by detecting fat components. However, there are various histopathological types and the imaging findings differ according to the type. Teratoma usually occurs in the gonads or in the midline due to migration of primordial germ cells during development. The clinical course of teratomas depends on the age of the patient, histological type, and anatomical site. Sometimes teratomas show unusual manifestations, such as mature teratoma without demonstrable fat components, torsion, rupture, growing teratoma syndrome, anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis, and autoimmune hemolytic anemia. For all of these reasons, teratomas demonstrate a wide spectrum of imaging features and radiologists should be familiar with these variabilities. The present article aims to introduce a model encompassing types of GCTs based on their developmental potential, and to review several histopathological types in various anatomical sites and unusual manifestations of teratomas, with representative imaging findings.
Topics: Diagnostic Imaging; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal; Ovarian Neoplasms; Teratoma; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 32875471
DOI: 10.1007/s11604-020-01035-y -
The Canadian Veterinary Journal = La... Jun 2024A Swiss mountain dog, ~3 y old, was brought to a veterinary clinic because of a progressive enlargement of the abdomen. Upon clinical examination, a large mass was...
A Swiss mountain dog, ~3 y old, was brought to a veterinary clinic because of a progressive enlargement of the abdomen. Upon clinical examination, a large mass was detected. After surgical extraction, the mass was confirmed to be a large ovarian teratoma. The weight of the tumor was > 16% of the dog's overall body weight. The dog recovered fully after surgery. The observations from this case suggest that, although teratomas are rare, prompt and accurate diagnosis is necessary to prevent further growth of these masses and to ensure positive outcomes.
Topics: Animals; Dogs; Teratoma; Female; Ovarian Neoplasms; Dog Diseases
PubMed: 38827594
DOI: No ID Found -
JAAPA : Official Journal of the... Dec 2022Benign mature cystic teratomas are a form of ovarian germ cell tumor that originates from primordial germ cells in the ovaries. Of the three types of teratoma neoplasms,...
Benign mature cystic teratomas are a form of ovarian germ cell tumor that originates from primordial germ cells in the ovaries. Of the three types of teratoma neoplasms, benign mature cystic teratomas (also called dermoid cysts) are the most common. Patients may present with intermittent abdominal or pelvic pain, abdominal enlargement, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, or may be asymptomatic. Clinicians should have a high suspicion for benign mature cystic teratomas, which account for more than 20% of all ovarian neoplasms. This article focuses on the clinical symptoms, ovarian growth characteristics, pathophysiology, potential complications, management options, and recurrence of benign mature cystic teratomas.
Topics: Female; Humans; Ovarian Cysts; Teratoma; Ovarian Neoplasms
PubMed: 36412944
DOI: 10.1097/01.JAA.0000892764.53306.c4 -
Annals of Palliative Medicine Jul 2021Mature cystic teratomas (MCTs), also known as dermoid cysts, are the most common ovarian germ cell tumors and the most common ovarian neoplasms in patients younger than...
Mature cystic teratomas (MCTs), also known as dermoid cysts, are the most common ovarian germ cell tumors and the most common ovarian neoplasms in patients younger than 20 years. MCTs mainly appear as pelvic masses that are made up of different types of well differentiated derivates of at least two germinative cell types. MCT of the ovary is always benign lesions with slow growth and good prognosis. Unfortunately, in about 1-2% of cases, it may undergo malignant transformation. At present, surgical treatment is the preferred option for the early stage of malignant transformation of teratomas, while with a high postoperative recurrence rate. For advanced or recurrent malignant ovarian teratomas, the effect of conventional chemotherapy or radiotherapy is poor, leading to high mortality. Thus, identifying novel treatment for malignant transformed MCTs is an urgently need in clinic. Recently, PD-1 antibody-based immunotherapy has achieved great success in treatment of lung cancer, melanoma, and other malignant tumors. However, its effect on the malignant transformation of ovarian teratomas has not yet been reported. Here we reported a patient who suffered malignant transformation of ovarian teratoma and responded well to camrelizumab, an anti-PD-1 inhibitor.
Topics: Female; Humans; Immunotherapy; Ovarian Neoplasms; Teratoma
PubMed: 34154338
DOI: 10.21037/apm-20-2429 -
Gynecologic Oncology Aug 2020Ovarian germ cell tumors (GCTs) are rare in adults, but are more common in adolescents and young adults. Contemporary management of ovarian GCTs is evolving as... (Review)
Review
Ovarian germ cell tumors (GCTs) are rare in adults, but are more common in adolescents and young adults. Contemporary management of ovarian GCTs is evolving as collaboration among pediatric, medical, and gynecologic oncologists increases, and studies increasingly incorporate female adult patients. Despite an improved understanding of ovarian GCT, many questions remain. Areas of continued controversy include which stage I ovarian GCTs and immature teratomas can be observed without adjuvant therapy, appropriate risk classification for ovarian GCT, surveillance strategies, and optimal therapy for recurrence. These topics as well as active areas of clinical investigation are discussed.
Topics: Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Female; Humans; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal; Ovarian Neoplasms; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Teratoma
PubMed: 32507650
DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.05.007 -
Annals of Clinical and Translational... Jan 2024Ovarian teratoma is a common occurrence in patients with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis (NMDARe), and its removal is crucial for a favorable prognosis. However, the...
INTRODUCTION
Ovarian teratoma is a common occurrence in patients with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis (NMDARe), and its removal is crucial for a favorable prognosis. However, the initial pathogenesis of autoimmunity in the encephalitic teratoma remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the genomic landscape and microscopic findings by comparing NMDARe-associated teratomas and non-encephalitic control teratomas.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A prospective consecutive cohort of 84 patients with NMDARe was recruited from January 2014 to April 2020, and among them, patients who received teratoma removal surgery at Seoul National University Hospital were enrolled. We conducted a comparison of whole-exome sequencing data and pathologic findings between NMDARe-associated teratomas and control teratomas.
RESULTS
We found 18 NMDARe-associated teratomas from 15 patients and compared them with 17 non-encephalitic control teratomas. Interestingly, the genomic analysis revealed no significant differences in mutations between encephalitic and non-encephalitic teratomas. Pathologic analysis showed no discrepancies in terms of the presence of neuronal tissue and lymphocytic infiltration between the encephalitic teratomas (n = 14) and non-encephalitic teratomas (n = 18). However, rituximab-naïve encephalitic teratomas exhibited a higher frequency of germinal center formation compared to non-encephalitic teratomas (80% vs. 16.7%, P = 0.017). Additionally, rituximab-treated encephalitic teratomas demonstrated a reduced number of CD20 cells and germinal centers in comparison to rituximab-naïve encephalitic teratomas (P = 0.048 and 0.023, respectively).
DISCUSSION
These results suggest that the initiation of immunopathogenesis in NMDARe-associated teratoma is not primarily attributed to intrinsic tumor mutations, but rather to immune factors present in the encephalitic patient group, ultimately leading to germinal center formation within the teratoma.
Topics: Female; Humans; Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis; Rituximab; Prospective Studies; Ovarian Neoplasms; Teratoma; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Genomics
PubMed: 37986706
DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51948 -
Pediatric and Developmental Pathology :... 2023Somatic malignancies arising in mature teratomas are exceedingly rare entities and even more so are those arising in immature teratomas. Here, we present a unique case...
Somatic malignancies arising in mature teratomas are exceedingly rare entities and even more so are those arising in immature teratomas. Here, we present a unique case of a 13-year-old who initially underwent ovarian sparing cystectomy for a 7.7 cm left ovarian mass with a pre-operative diagnosis of mature cystic teratoma. Histologically, all 3 germ cell layers were present and immature neuroepithelial tubules were also identified. Subsequent sections revealed a nodular lesion composed of neuropil, neuroblasts with a spectrum of maturation, and Schwannian-type stroma. The neuroblasts were diffusely positive for . Neuroblastoma arising in an immature teratoma has only been described in the literature once previously in an adult patient.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Adolescent; Ovarian Neoplasms; Teratoma; Neuroblastoma
PubMed: 36448449
DOI: 10.1177/10935266221129087 -
Radiologie (Heidelberg, Germany) Jan 2024Abnormalities of the ovary are frequently seen on ultrasound examination, sometimes symptomatic, but are more commonly asymptomatic. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Abnormalities of the ovary are frequently seen on ultrasound examination, sometimes symptomatic, but are more commonly asymptomatic.
PURPOSE
Presentation of the most important entities of ovarian masses and their imaging features in infants and children. Discussion of criteria for differentiation between benign and potentially malignant masses.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Review of current literature and presentation of image examples.
RESULTS
The most common lesions are ovarian cysts in infants, which usually do not require therapy. Because of the risk of torsion, surgery should be discussed for lesions with a size of 5 cm or more. Benign teratomas represent three-quarters of all solid tumors of the infantile ovary. Malignant masses are rare. The task of imaging is to assess the potential risk of malignancy, also using imaging scores.
CONCLUSIONS
Imaging plays a crucial role for therapeutic considerations. Depending on the potential risk, ovarian-sparing surgery is preferred to preserve fertility, as long as the oncologic risk is reasonable.
Topics: Child; Infant; Female; Humans; Ovarian Neoplasms; Ovarian Cysts; Teratoma; Ovariectomy; Digestive System Abnormalities
PubMed: 37947867
DOI: 10.1007/s00117-023-01233-5 -
Cancer Metastasis Reviews Mar 2020Our knowledge of ovarian teratomas in children is still far from complete, and much remains to be discovered. Here, we conduct a scoping review of the primary research... (Review)
Review
Our knowledge of ovarian teratomas in children is still far from complete, and much remains to be discovered. Here, we conduct a scoping review of the primary research related to ovarian teratomas in pediatric age. To our knowledge, there is no published synthesis of the literature surrounding ovarian teratomas in children using scoping review methodology. We identified 24 studies from 11 countries; 18 studies were retrospective, 3 were prospective, and 3 were experimental. There were 6 studies concerning mature teratomas, 5 concerning immature teratomas, and 13 that included both tumor types. Overall, 9 out of all the studies concerned more than 50 patients. We revealed 7 major branches of research within the topic of ovarian teratoma in pediatric population: recurrence rate/relapse and follow-up strategy, malignant potential, prognostic factors, use of sparing surgery, differences between the use of laparoscopy and laparotomy, use of chemotherapy, and additional examinations to test the character of the lesion (immature vs. mature). This scoping review has revealed a number of knowledge gaps in the evidence base for pediatric ovarian teratomas. Overall, this topic has not been extensively explored, and more research dedicated exclusively to this tumor and patient population is required.
Topics: Child; Female; Humans; Ovarian Neoplasms; Teratoma
PubMed: 32006216
DOI: 10.1007/s10555-020-09844-3