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Human Reproduction (Oxford, England) May 1994
Review
Topics: Corpus Luteum; Female; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Gonadal Steroid Hormones; Humans; Inhibins; Luteinizing Hormone; Ovarian Follicle; Ovary; Ovulation; Protein Biosynthesis; Signal Transduction; Steroids
PubMed: 7929728
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a138602 -
ELife Sep 2022Morphogenetic events during the development of the fetal ovary are crucial to the establishment of female fertility. However, the effects of structural rearrangements of...
Morphogenetic events during the development of the fetal ovary are crucial to the establishment of female fertility. However, the effects of structural rearrangements of the ovary and surrounding reproductive tissues on ovary morphogenesis remain largely uncharacterized. Using tissue clearing and lightsheet microscopy, we found that ovary folding correlated with regionalization into cortex and medulla. Relocation of the oviduct to the ventral aspect of the ovary led to ovary encapsulation, and mutual attachment of the ovary and oviduct to the cranial suspensory ligament likely triggered ovary folding. During this process, the rete ovarii (RO) elaborated into a convoluted tubular structure extending from the ovary into the ovarian capsule. Using genetic mouse models in which the oviduct and RO are perturbed, we found the oviduct is required for ovary encapsulation. This study reveals novel relationships among the ovary and surrounding tissues and paves the way for functional investigation of the relationship between architecture and differentiation of the mammalian ovary.
Topics: Humans; Female; Mice; Animals; Ovary; Oviducts; Fetus; Morphogenesis; Ligaments; Mammals
PubMed: 36165446
DOI: 10.7554/eLife.81088 -
Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica... 1986A case is reported of an accessory ovary in a 46-year-old woman. Accessory ovaries are frequently small and may therefore be overlooked at laparotomy. The present case...
A case is reported of an accessory ovary in a 46-year-old woman. Accessory ovaries are frequently small and may therefore be overlooked at laparotomy. The present case was presumably discovered due to gonadotropic hyperstimulation caused by the menopause or the previous bilateral ovarian resection.
Topics: Female; Humans; Hysterectomy; Leiomyoma; Middle Aged; Ovary; Uterine Neoplasms
PubMed: 3776493
DOI: 10.3109/00016348609157394 -
Journal of Morphology Jan 2020Phreodrilidae is a small family uniting about 50 species of minute freshwater clitellate annelids inhabiting mainly the Southern hemisphere. Other than the male and...
Phreodrilidae is a small family uniting about 50 species of minute freshwater clitellate annelids inhabiting mainly the Southern hemisphere. Other than the male and spermathecal genitalia, their internal organization is poorly known. Here, we present results of our study of the ovaries and oogenesis in Insulodrilus bifidus, a phreodrilid from Western Australia using light and electron microscopy. The ovaries are paired and located in segment XII. They are inconspicuous and composed of several (10-12) spherical germ-line cysts loosely interconnected by flattened somatic cells. The cysts usually comprise 32 germ cells and each cell is connected via a cytoplasmic bridge (ring canal) to the central cytoplasmic mass (the cytophore). In ovaries, germ cells in a given cyst develop in full synchrony. However, there is no synchrony among cysts, so there is a developmental gradient of cysts (from oogonial to early meiotic) along the longitudinal ovary axis. Within the cysts that are located in the distal end of the ovary the synchrony is finally lost and interconnected cells diversify into two morphologically distinct categories: an oocyte and 31 nurse cells. Such cysts detach from the ovaries and further development occurs within the body cavity. The oocyte gathers nutrients, mainly in form of yolk spheres, whereas nurse cells grow slightly and do not gather yolk. Organelles such as ribosomes, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum pass freely through the ring canals and are present within the cytophore, which suggests cytoplasmic transfer towards the oocyte. The formation of female germ-line cysts equipped with cytophore and cells differentiated into oocyte and nurse cells matches the general pattern of oogenesis found in clitellates. In details, the ovary organization and oogenesis found in I. bifidus resembles the situation described in some representatives of Naidinae and Enchytraeidae.
Topics: Animals; Annelida; Female; Germ Cells; Oocytes; Oogenesis; Ovary; Vitellogenesis
PubMed: 31785033
DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21081 -
The Journal of Reproductive Medicine May 2000Supernumerary and accessory ovaries are rare anomalies. The reported incidence of these conditions is 1:29,000-700,000 gynecologic admissions. Since 1864 there have been... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Supernumerary and accessory ovaries are rare anomalies. The reported incidence of these conditions is 1:29,000-700,000 gynecologic admissions. Since 1864 there have been only six cases of accessory ovary reported in the literature. Additionally, there have been 26 reported cases of supernumerary ovaries. This case seems to be the seventh reported case of an accessory ovary in over 135 years. It is the third case in a woman under age 18. In 36% of reported cases, associated congenital anomalies have been identified. Defects have included accessory fallopian tube, bifid fallopian tubes, accessory tubal ostium, bicornuate and unicorunate uteri, septate uterus, agenesis of kidney or ureter, bladder diverticulum, accessory adrenal gland and lobulated liver.
CASE
A 16-year-old nulligravida complained of persistent left lower quadrant abdominal pain. Abdominal ultrasound confirmed a left ovarian cyst, which was unresponsive to medical management with oral contraceptives. At laparoscopy, a normally placed, right ovary and eutopic left ovary were identified. In addition, an accessory ovary was identified on the posterior surface of the left broad ligament.
CONCLUSION
Since accessory ovaries are likely to be asymptomatic, they may be underreported. This condition is associated with a high risk of pelvic and renal anomalies and should lead to further evaluation to allow physicians to provide advice about future reproductive function and management of congenital anomalies.
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Adolescent; Female; Humans; Laparoscopy; Ovarian Cysts; Ovary; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 10845180
DOI: No ID Found -
Science Advances Apr 2024The reproductive and endocrine functions of the ovary involve spatially defined interactions among specialized cell populations. Despite the ovary's importance in...
The reproductive and endocrine functions of the ovary involve spatially defined interactions among specialized cell populations. Despite the ovary's importance in fertility and endocrine health, functional attributes of ovarian cells are largely uncharacterized. Here, we profiled >18,000 genes in 257 regions from the ovaries of two premenopausal donors to examine the functional units in the ovary. We also generated single-cell RNA sequencing data for 21,198 cells from three additional donors and identified four major cell types and four immune cell subtypes. Custom selection of sampling areas revealed distinct gene activities for oocytes, theca, and granulosa cells. These data contributed panels of oocyte-, theca-, and granulosa-specific genes, thus expanding the knowledge of molecular programs driving follicle development. Serial samples around oocytes and across the cortex and medulla uncovered previously unappreciated variation of hormone and extracellular matrix remodeling activities. This combined spatial and single-cell atlas serves as a resource for future studies of rare cells and pathological states in the ovary.
Topics: Female; Humans; Ovary; Ovarian Follicle; Oocytes; Granulosa Cells; Gene Expression Profiling
PubMed: 38578993
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adm7506 -
Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia Mar 2023This is the first morpho-histological comparison of guanaco ovaries between reproductive (long-days) and non-reproductive (short-days) seasons, and oestrogen...
This is the first morpho-histological comparison of guanaco ovaries between reproductive (long-days) and non-reproductive (short-days) seasons, and oestrogen receptor-alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ) detection. Different stages of follicle development were found in the cortical area, but no corpus luteum was detected. The size and frequency of antral follicles and large atretic follicles were higher in long-day ovaries than short-days, consistent with ovarian activity in this season. Differential expression of ERα and ERβ was observed in follicles at different stages of development between short and long days. These data reveal histological and molecular differences between reproductive and non-reproductive seasons of guanaco ovaries.
Topics: Female; Animals; Ovary; Camelids, New World; Estrogen Receptor alpha; Estrogen Receptor beta; Ovarian Follicle
PubMed: 36345659
DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12885 -
Best Practice & Research. Clinical... Nov 2016The morphological features of the ovaries in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have been well described by ultrasound imaging technology. These include... (Review)
Review
The morphological features of the ovaries in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have been well described by ultrasound imaging technology. These include enlarged ovary size, multiple small follicles of similar size, increased ovarian stromal volume and echogenicity, peripheral distribution of the follicles, and higher stromal blood flow. Ultrasound identification of the presence of polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM) has been recognized as a component of PCOS diagnosis. With the advance of ultrasound technology, new definition has been proposed recently. There is, however, a paucity of data for the ovarian morphology in normal and PCOS adolescents. Magnetic resonance imaging has the potential to be an alternative imaging modality for diagnosing PCOM in adolescence.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Organ Size; Ovarian Follicle; Ovary; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Regional Blood Flow; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 27118252
DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2016.02.005 -
Acta Endocrinologica Jul 1976The development of the ovary during childhood has been evaluated in 52 organs obtained from autopsy of children who died in accidents or after a brief acute disease. The...
The development of the ovary during childhood has been evaluated in 52 organs obtained from autopsy of children who died in accidents or after a brief acute disease. The ovaries at all ages showed follicle growth. 93% of the organs were actively growing ovaries containing healthy and degenerating follicles in progressive stages of development with and without follicle fluid. Three ovaries showed follicle growth up to pre-antral stages. None of the 52 ovaries were quiescent in which follicle development was not in progress. It is therefore argued that the normal ovary in childhood shows follicle growth at all ages. The number and size of antral follicles increases after the age of 6 years coinciding with the progressive increase in FSH and oestrogen output in childhood.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Ovarian Follicle; Ovary
PubMed: 947131
DOI: 10.1530/acta.0.0820617 -
American Journal of Obstetrics and... Mar 2023The ovaries are the female gonads that are crucial for reproduction, steroid production, and overall health. Historically, the ovary was broadly divided into regions...
The ovaries are the female gonads that are crucial for reproduction, steroid production, and overall health. Historically, the ovary was broadly divided into regions defined as the cortex, medulla, and hilum. This current nomenclature lacks specificity and fails to consider the significant anatomic variations in the ovary. Recent technological advances in imaging modalities and high-resolution omic analyses have brought about the need for revision of the existing definitions, which will facilitate the integration of generated data and enable the characterization of organ subanatomy and function at the cellular level. The creation of these high-resolution multimodal maps of the ovary will enhance collaboration and communication among disciplines and between clinicians and researchers. Beginning in March 2021, the Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology Program of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development invited subject-matter experts to participate in a series of workshops and meetings to standardize ovarian nomenclature and define the organ's features. The goal was to develop a spatially defined and semantically consistent terminology of the ovary to support collaborative, team science-based endeavors aimed at generating reference atlases of the human ovary. The group recommended a standardized, 3-dimensional description of the ovary and an ontological approach to the subanatomy of the ovary and definition of follicles. This new greater precision in nomenclature and mapping will better reflect the ovary's heterogeneous composition and function, support the standardization of tissue collection, facilitate functional analyses, and enable clinical and research collaborations. The conceptualization process and outcomes of the effort, which spanned the better part of 2021 and early 2022, are introduced in this article. The institute and the workshop participants encourage researchers and clinicians to adopt the new systems in their everyday work to advance the overarching goal of improving human reproductive health.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Female; Child; Ovary; Gynecology; Pelvis
PubMed: 36191605
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.09.040