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Obesity Reviews : An Official Journal... Jun 2023This study aimed to review and quantify the association between overweight and obesity in the risk of multimorbidity among the general population. We conducted a... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
This study aimed to review and quantify the association between overweight and obesity in the risk of multimorbidity among the general population. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis in the databases of Pubmed, Lilacs, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase. We included cohort studies that assessed the association between overweight and/or obesity with the risk of multimorbidity. The Newcastle-Ottawa assessed the studies' individual quality. A random-effect model meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the association between overweight and obesity with the relative risk (RR) of multimorbidity; the I test evaluated heterogeneity. After excluding duplicates, we found 1.655 manuscripts, of which eight met the inclusion criteria. Of these, seven (87.5%) evidenced an increased risk of multimorbidity among subjects with overweight and/or obesity. Overall, we observed an increased risk of multimorbidity among subjects with overweight (RR: 1.26; CI95%: 1.12; 1.40, I = 98%) and obesity (RR: 1.99; CI95%: 1.45;2.72, I = 99%) compared to normal weight. According to the I test, the heterogeneities of the meta-analyses were high. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale showed that all studies were classified as high quality. Further longitudinal studies are needed, including different populations and stratifications by sex, age, and other variables.
Topics: Humans; Overweight; Multimorbidity; Obesity; Longitudinal Studies
PubMed: 36929143
DOI: 10.1111/obr.13562 -
The Medical Clinics of North America Jan 2021Obesity is a chronic disease caused by dysregulated energy homeostasis pathways that encourage the accumulation of adiposity, which in turn results in the development or... (Review)
Review
Obesity is a chronic disease caused by dysregulated energy homeostasis pathways that encourage the accumulation of adiposity, which in turn results in the development or exacerbation of weight-related comorbidities. Treatment of obesity relies on a foundation of lifestyle modification; weight loss pharmacotherapy, bariatric surgery and devices are additional tools to help patients achieve their health goals. Appropriate management of patients with obesity provides multiple metabolic benefits beyond weight loss.
Topics: Anti-Obesity Agents; Bariatric Surgery; Behavior Therapy; Diet, Reducing; Evidence-Based Medicine; Exercise Therapy; Fasting; Healthy Lifestyle; Humans; Obesity; Overweight; Physical Examination
PubMed: 33246516
DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2020.08.018 -
International Journal of Environmental... Feb 2023Emotional eating (EE) may be defined as a tendency to eat in response to negative emotions and energy-dense and palatable foods, and is common amongst adults with... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Emotional eating (EE) may be defined as a tendency to eat in response to negative emotions and energy-dense and palatable foods, and is common amongst adults with overweight or obesity. There is limited evidence regarding the effectiveness of interventions that address EE.
OBJECTIVES
To synthesize evidence on the effectiveness of EE interventions for weight loss and EE in adults living with overweight or obesity.
METHODS
This is a systematic review and meta-analysis. Adhering to the PRISMA guidance, a comprehensive electronic search was completed up to February 2022. Random effects meta-analysis was carried out to determine the percentage change in weight and EE scores.
RESULTS
Thirty-four studies were included. The combined effect size for percentage weight change was -1.08% (95% CI: -1.66 to -0.49, I = 64.65%, = 37), once adjusted for publication bias. Similarly, the combined effect size for percentage change in EE was -2.37%, (95% CI: -3.76 to -0.99, I = 87.77%, = 46). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy showed the most promise for reducing weight and improving EE.
CONCLUSIONS
Interventions to address EE showed promise in reducing EE and promoted a small amount of weight loss in adults living with overweight or obesity.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Overweight; Obesity; Weight Loss; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Emotions
PubMed: 36768088
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032722 -
Journal of Advanced Nursing May 2018To summarize the associations between weight stigma and physiological and psychological health for individuals who are overweight or obese. (Review)
Review
AIM
To summarize the associations between weight stigma and physiological and psychological health for individuals who are overweight or obese.
BACKGROUND
Weight stigma can be defined as individuals experiencing verbal or physical abuse secondary to being overweight or obese. Weight stigma has negative consequences for both physiological and psychological health.
DESIGN
A quantitative systematic review.
DATA SOURCES
PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL and MEDLINE from 1 January 2008 - 30 July 2016.
REVIEW METHODS
A systematic review was conducted using the Cochrane Collaboration guidelines, the PRISMA statement guidelines and the quality assessment from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. Inclusion criteria consisted of quantitative studies that examined the associations between weight stigma and physiological and psychological health outcomes in adults who were overweight or obese. Exclusion criteria consisted of qualitative studies, literature reviews, expert opinions, editorials and reports on weight stigma without health outcomes or with behavioural outcomes and intervention studies that reduced weight stigma. A quality appraisal of the selected studies was conducted.
RESULTS
A total of 33 studies met the eligibility criteria. Weight stigma was positively associated with obesity, diabetes risk, cortisol level, oxidative stress level, C-reactive protein level, eating disturbances, depression, anxiety, body image dissatisfaction and negatively associated with self-esteem among overweight and obese adults.
CONCLUSION
Weight stigma is associated with adverse physiological and psychological outcomes. This conclusion highlights the need to increase public and professional awareness about the issue of weight stigma and the importance of the further development of assessment and prevention strategies of weight stigma.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Obesity; Overweight; Self Concept; Social Stigma
PubMed: 29171076
DOI: 10.1111/jan.13511 -
Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive...The oculofacial plastic surgeon will more frequently encounter challenges related to overweight and obese patients as the incidence rises. There is a paucity of data in... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
The oculofacial plastic surgeon will more frequently encounter challenges related to overweight and obese patients as the incidence rises. There is a paucity of data in the oculofacial plastic surgical literature regarding this topic. The goal of this review is to detail the role obesity plays in the perioperative course and the considerations for a surgeon treating this patient population.
METHODS
The authors conducted a computerized search using PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar. The search terms used were "(obesity OR overweight) AND surgery," "(obesity OR overweight) AND oculoplastic," "(obesity OR overweight) AND oculofacial," "(obesity OR overweight) AND 'facial plastic surgery', " "(obesity OR overweight) AND 'bariatric surgery', " "(obesity OR overweight) AND (pre-operative OR post-operative OR intraoperative," " (obesity OR overweight) AND complications," "(obesity OR overweight) AND (facial plastic surgery) AND complications)," "(obesity OR overweight) AND eyelid," "(obesity OR overweight) AND (nasolacrimal OR 'nasolacrimal duct')," "(obesity OR overweight) AND IIH," "(obesity OR overweight) AND exophthalmos."
RESULTS
A total of 127 articles, published from 1952 to 2022 in the English language or with English translations were included. Articles published earlier than 2000 were cited for foundational knowledge. References cited in the identified articles were also used to gather further data for the review.
CONCLUSIONS
Overweight and obese patients pose specific challenges that the oculofacial plastic surgeon should be aware of to better optimize patient outcomes. Multiple comorbidities, poor wound healing, and nutritional deficits all contribute to the complications experienced in this patient population. Further investigation on overweight and obese patients is needed.
Topics: Humans; Overweight; Surgery, Plastic; Obesity; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Comorbidity
PubMed: 37010053
DOI: 10.1097/IOP.0000000000002389 -
European Journal of Preventive... Oct 2021The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between body mass index (BMI) in young women, using weight early in pregnancy as a proxy for pre-pregnancy weight,...
AIMS
The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between body mass index (BMI) in young women, using weight early in pregnancy as a proxy for pre-pregnancy weight, and risk for early cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality.
METHODS AND RESULTS
In this prospective, registry-based study, we used weight data in early pregnancy from women, registered in the Swedish Medical Birth Registry, and who gave birth between 1982 and 2014 (n = 1,495,499; median age 28.3 years). Of the women, 118,212 (7.9%) were obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and 29,630 (2.0%) severely obese (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2). After a follow-up of median 16.3 years, we identified 3295 and 4375 cases of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and ischemic stroke (IS) corresponding to 13.4 and 17.8 per 100,000 observation years, respectively, occurring at mean ages of 49.8 and 47.3 years. Compared to women with a BMI 20-<22.5 kg/m2, the hazard ratio (HR) of AMI increased with higher BMI from 1.40 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.27-1.54) among women with BMI 22.5-<25.0 kg/m2 to 4.71 (95% CI 3.88-5.72) among women with severe obesity, with similar findings for IS and CVD death, after adjustment for age, pregnancy year, parity and comorbidities at baseline. Women with BMI 30-<35.0 and ≥35 kg/m2 had increased all-cause mortality with adjusted HR 1.53 (95% CI 1.43-1.63) and 1.83 (95% CI 1.63-2.05), respectively.
CONCLUSION
A significant increase in the risk for early AMI, IS and CVD death was noticeable in overweight young women, with a marked increase in obese women.
Topics: Adult; Body Mass Index; Cardiovascular Diseases; Female; Humans; Obesity; Overweight; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors
PubMed: 34647583
DOI: 10.1177/2047487320908983 -
Obesity Reviews : An Official Journal... Oct 2017Although overweight and obesity are widespread across most of the developed world, a considerable body of research has now accumulated, which suggests that adiposity... (Review)
Review
Although overweight and obesity are widespread across most of the developed world, a considerable body of research has now accumulated, which suggests that adiposity often goes undetected. A substantial proportion of individuals with overweight or obesity do not identify they are overweight, and large numbers of parents of children with overweight or obesity fail to identify their child as being overweight. Lay people and medical practitioners are also now poor at identifying overweight and obesity in others. A visual normalization theory of the under-detection of overweight and obesity is proposed. This theory is based on the notion that weight status is judged relative to visual body size norms. Because larger body sizes are now common, this has caused a recalibration to the range of body sizes that are perceived as being 'normal' and increased the visual threshold for what constitutes 'overweight'. Evidence is reviewed that indicates this process has played a significant role in the under-detection of overweight and obesity. The public health relevance of the under-detection of overweight and obesity is also discussed.
Topics: Body Image; Humans; Overweight; Parents; Pediatric Obesity; Social Norms; Social Perception
PubMed: 28730613
DOI: 10.1111/obr.12570 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Oct 2022Overweight/obesity and depression are highly co-occurring conditions with shared pathophysiology as well as social and economic determinants. To our knowledge, this is... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Overweight/obesity and depression are highly co-occurring conditions with shared pathophysiology as well as social and economic determinants. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review aims to comprehensively synthesize extant literature with a focus on the effectiveness of interventions targeting obesity and depression comorbidity.
METHODS
We searched databases including MEDLINE, ProQuest Central, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, from inception of the databases until Nov 12, 2021. Articles were included if they reported on the effects of pharmacological, psychological or dietary interventions on comorbid depression and overweight/obesity as their primary or secondary outcome.
RESULTS
Of the 5480 identified records, 19 eligible researches comprising 15 RCTs and 4 uncontrolled longitudinal studies for 3408 participants with comorbid depression and overweight/obesity. The available literature is not sufficient to inform evidence-based treatments targeting obesity and comorbid depression contemporaneously. Notwithstanding, the combination of CBT and lifestyle intervention show efficacy targeting obesity and comorbid depression as do some nutritional supplements, antidepressants and anti-diabetic agents.
LIMITATIONS
The high heterogeneity of various interventions in the included studies may cause a lack of comparability between different studies.
CONCLUSIONS
Concurrent management of depression and overweight/obesity is suggested by available data. There is a pressing need for studies that evaluate the effectiveness in real world samples of persons experiencing multiple co-occurring chronic diseases including but not limited to depression and overweight/obesity.
Topics: Comorbidity; Depression; Humans; Life Style; Obesity; Overweight
PubMed: 35878825
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.07.027 -
Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology Dec 2022As the pandemic of obesity presents an increasing serious health challenge worldwide, additional medical interventions, especially pharmacotherapy, should be addressed... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
As the pandemic of obesity presents an increasing serious health challenge worldwide, additional medical interventions, especially pharmacotherapy, should be addressed for the affected people. Liraglutide 3.0 mg, is one of the possible options for long-term anti-obesity treatment.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We systematically searched the databases of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov. A meta-analysis was then performed using random-effect models.
RESULTS
Meta-analyses of seven phase 3 and 4 RCTs ( = 6,028), which were conducted in adults with obesity or overweight for at least 1 year, demonstrated a significant weight reduction with liraglutide 3.0 mg (mean difference of percentage weight change -4.81%; 95% CI: -5.56% to -4.06%; < 0.00001), relative to placebo. However, more participants taking liraglutide experienced at least one adverse event. More discontinuations due to adverse events were observed among them. In the subgroup analysis among participants with or without diabetes mellitus (DM), pooled result showed that liraglutide was associated with a greater decrease in the percentage of weight change in participants without DM.
CONCLUSIONS
This study provided support for the use of liraglutide 3.0 mg for weight management in adults with obesity or who are overweight.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Liraglutide; Overweight; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Obesity; Weight Loss
PubMed: 36180402
DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2022.2130760 -
European Eating Disorders Review : the... Mar 2023The primary aim of this study was to analyse the efficacy of a 'mindful eating' programme for reducing emotional eating in patients with overweight or obesity. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
The primary aim of this study was to analyse the efficacy of a 'mindful eating' programme for reducing emotional eating in patients with overweight or obesity.
METHOD
A cluster randomized controlled trial (reg. NCT03927534) was conducted with 76 participants with overweight/obesity who were assigned to 'mindful eating' (7 weeks) + treatment as usual (TAU), or to TAU alone. They were assessed at baseline, posttreatment and 12-month follow-up. The main outcome was 'emotional eating' (Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire, DEBQ); other eating behaviours were also assessed along with psychological and physiological variables.
RESULTS
'Mindful eating' + TAU reduced emotional eating both at posttreatment (B = -0.27; p = 0.006; d = 0.35) and follow-up (B = -0.53; p < 0.001; d = 0.69) compared to the control group (TAU alone). 'External eating' (DEBQ) was also significantly improved by the intervention at both timepoints. Significant effects at follow-up were observed for some secondary outcomes related to bulimic behaviours, mindful eating, mindfulness, and self-compassion. Weight and other physiological parameters were not significantly affected by 'mindful eating' + TAU.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings support the efficacy of the 'mindful eating' + TAU programme for reducing emotional and external eating, along with some other secondary measures, but no significant changes in weight reduction were observed.
Topics: Humans; Overweight; Mindfulness; Obesity; Feeding Behavior; Primary Health Care
PubMed: 36397211
DOI: 10.1002/erv.2958