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Effect of exercise training on arterial stiffness in obese and overweight children: a meta-analysis.European Journal of Pediatrics Jul 2022The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise training on arterial stiffness in obese and overweight children. Three databases were searched up to July... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise training on arterial stiffness in obese and overweight children. Three databases were searched up to July 2021 for papers about exercise training and arterial stiffness in obese and overweight children. The quality of each identified study was evaluated. Effect sizes were estimated in terms of the standardized mean difference. Egger's test and sensitivity analysis were used to assess publication bias. In total, 26 studies by 19 researchers were included in the meta-analysis. Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), pulse wave velocity (PWV), and intima-media thickness (IMT) were improved after exercise training in obese and overweight children. Subgroup analysis showed that exercise only reduced the PWV and IMT in individuals with a BMI < 30. FMD, PWV, and IMT were improved by exercise training in participants aged below 14 years, but only FMD was increased by exercise in participants aged 14 years and above. All types of training significantly improved FMD. Aerobic exercise (AE) and high-intensity intermittent training (HIIT) reduced the PWV of the participants, but were less effective than resistance training (RT) and aerobic plus resistance training. Only HIIT significantly reduced the IMT. Conclusions: Exercise training improved vascular endothelial function and vascular sclerosis in overweight and obese children, especially in those with a BMI < 30 and younger than 14 years. AE had a more favorable effect on arterial stiffness. What is Known: • Exercise training was a good way to lose weight and subsequently promoted vascular function in overweight and obese children. What is New: • Exercise training was more effective on the vascular endothelial function and vascular sclerosis in overweight and obese children with a BMI<30. • Aerobic exercise had a more favorable effect on arterial stiffness, while the improvement was not effective after resistance training and combined training mode.
Topics: Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; Child; Exercise; Humans; Overweight; Pediatric Obesity; Pulse Wave Analysis; Sclerosis; Vascular Stiffness
PubMed: 35499629
DOI: 10.1007/s00431-022-04489-6 -
Best Practice & Research. Clinical... Apr 2013Obesity has substantially increased in recent decades and is now one of the major global health problems. The large obesity-related health burden negatively impacts many... (Review)
Review
Obesity has substantially increased in recent decades and is now one of the major global health problems. The large obesity-related health burden negatively impacts many relevant health outcomes (e.g. quality of life, disability, mortality) and leads to increased healthcare utilization. This excess service use is the main driver behind high healthcare costs of obese individuals. Findings indicate that costs rise curvilinearly with increasing body mass index, especially among the obese. As more individuals of a country's population become obese, a larger share of total annual national healthcare expenditure is spent on obesity and obesity-related health problems. In addition to escalating healthcare costs, obesity goes along with indirect costs through decreases in workforce productivity. The empirical evidence has shown beyond doubt that obesity negatively impacts individuals, healthcare systems, employers, and the economy as a whole. This article provides a brief overview of selected economic consequences associated with excess-weight.
Topics: Absenteeism; Adolescent; Adult; Child; Cost of Illness; Health Care Costs; Humans; Mortality, Premature; Obesity; Overweight
PubMed: 23731873
DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2013.01.002 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... May 2014Since the last update of this review multiple changes like new methods and other standards make it necessary to withdraw this review and register a new title on the same... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Since the last update of this review multiple changes like new methods and other standards make it necessary to withdraw this review and register a new title on the same topic. The editorial group responsible for this previously published document have withdrawn it from publication.
Topics: Adult; Body Weight; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Humans; Obesity; Overweight; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 24800726
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003818.pub3 -
Australasian Journal on Ageing Sep 2020To perform a systematic review on the influence of age and overweight-or obesity-on foot sensitivity, as well as its relationship with balance and postural control. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To perform a systematic review on the influence of age and overweight-or obesity-on foot sensitivity, as well as its relationship with balance and postural control.
METHODS
Publications in the following databases were searched up to December 2018: Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science. Both randomised controlled and non-randomised trials, plus cross-sectional studies that evaluated foot sensitivity and balance in adults and/or older people, were investigated.
RESULTS
A total of 152 studies were found, 14 studies were included and 506 people of both sexes were involved in the included studies.
CONCLUSIONS
Increased age represented a detrimental effect on foot sensitivity. Most studies showed that decreased foot sensitivity was related to worse balance and/or postural stability. Overweight or obesity was associated with plantar sensitivity, with lower sensitivity and decreased postural stability observed in obese people.
Topics: Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Foot; Humans; Male; Obesity; Overweight; Postural Balance
PubMed: 32124534
DOI: 10.1111/ajag.12782 -
Journal of Nursing Scholarship : An... Dec 2011To review the health problem of overweight and obesity in adults, the available treatment options, and clinical implications for nursing. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
To review the health problem of overweight and obesity in adults, the available treatment options, and clinical implications for nursing.
ORGANIZING CONSTRUCT
Overweight and obesity.
FINDINGS
Today, obesity is considered a pandemic that is present in developed and developing countries. Obesity, considered a chronic condition, is associated with numerous comorbid conditions (e.g., cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and some cancers). There are three approaches to the treatment of overweight and obesity: lifestyle modification, pharmacotherapy, and bariatric surgery. The most effective approach uses a combination of behavioral strategies and diet and exercise to support sustained lifestyle change. Pharmacotherapy and bariatric surgery have better outcomes when augmented by lifestyle treatment compared with either approach alone. Bariatric surgery, which is being performed increasingly more often, is reserved for those with a body mass index (BMI) of greater than or equal to 40, or a BMI of 35 to 39.9 in the presence of comorbidities. The biggest treatment challenge is the prevention of weight regain.
CONCLUSIONS
The most effective treatment approach is the use of lifestyle modification, which can be delivered alone or to augment pharmacotherapy or bariatric surgery.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Similar to other chronic conditions, obesity needs ongoing management, which is a role that nursing can help fill in the clinical setting.
Topics: Adult; Bariatric Surgery; Diet; Exercise; Health Behavior; Humans; Life Style; Obesity; Overweight; Practice Guidelines as Topic
PubMed: 22018175
DOI: 10.1111/j.1547-5069.2011.01424.x -
International Journal of Obesity (2005) Jul 2023Social isolation and loneliness are growing public health concerns in adults with obesity and overweight. Social media-based interventions may be a promising approach.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Social isolation and loneliness are growing public health concerns in adults with obesity and overweight. Social media-based interventions may be a promising approach. This systematic review aims to (1) evaluate the effectiveness of social media-based interventions on weight, body mass index, waist circumference, fat, energy intake and physical activity among adults with obesity and overweight and (2) explore potential covariates on treatment effect. Eight databases, namely, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus PsycINFO and ProQuest, were searched from inception until December 31, 2021. The Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation criteria evaluated the evidence quality. Twenty-eight randomised controlled trials were identified. Meta-analyses found that social media-based interventions had small-to-medium significant effects on weight, BMI, waist circumference, body fat mass and daily steps. Subgroup analysis found greater effect in interventions without published protocol or not registered in trial registries than their counterparts. Meta-regression analysis showed that duration of intervention was a significant covariate. The certainty of evidence quality of all outcomes was very low or low. Social media-based interventions can be considered an adjunct intervention for weight management. Future trials with large sample sizes and follow-up assessment are needed.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Overweight; Social Media; Obesity; Exercise; Body Mass Index
PubMed: 37012428
DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01304-6 -
Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Geneeskunde 2016- The relationship between BMI and relative mortality risk is J- or U-shaped; both a low and a high BMI are related to increased risk of mortality.- When analyses are... (Review)
Review
- The relationship between BMI and relative mortality risk is J- or U-shaped; both a low and a high BMI are related to increased risk of mortality.- When analyses are restricted to healthy individuals who are non-smokers and are followed up for a long time, the relative mortality risk is already increased at a BMI of 25 kg/m² and increases further with increasing BMI.- There are people with obesity who do not have significant cardiovascular risk factors, but even so they are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease compared to people who are not overweight and lack risk factors.- People with severe illnesses often experience weight loss and - at the same time - are at increased risk of premature death, and therefore it appears that overweightness is associated with a favourable prognosis.- The observation that overweight and obese people are not linked to increased mortality can largely be explained by methodological sources of bias.
Topics: Body Mass Index; Cardiovascular Diseases; Global Health; Humans; Life Expectancy; Morbidity; Obesity; Overweight; Risk Factors; Survival Rate
PubMed: 27966405
DOI: No ID Found -
Obesity Reviews : An Official Journal... Nov 2021The objective of this study is to investigate the dose-response relationship between antibiotic exposure in early life and the risk of subsequent overweight or obesity.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The objective of this study is to investigate the dose-response relationship between antibiotic exposure in early life and the risk of subsequent overweight or obesity. Electronic databases were searched from inception to December 2020. Prospective studies that reported the odds ratios (ORs) of childhood overweight or obesity for three or more quantitative categories of antibiotic exposure were identified. A random-effect model was used to pool the ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Generalized least squares and restricted cubic splines were used to explore the dose-response association. A total of 12 sets of results from 10 articles involving 427,453 participants were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled OR for increased risk of overweight or obesity was 1.30 in high-level antibiotic exposure (95% CI: 1.20 to 1.41) and 1.06 in low-level antibiotic exposure (95% CI: 1.02 to 1.10), as compared with children who never exposed to antibiotics. There was a logarithmic-curve relationship between early-life antibiotic exposure and the risk of subsequent overweight or obesity. The OR was 1.08 (95% CI: 1.06 to 1.11) for one prescription, 1.16 (95% CI 1.11 to 1.21) for two prescriptions, 1.24 (95% CI: 1.16 to 1.32) for three prescriptions, 1.30 (95% CI: 1.20 to 1.41) for four prescriptions, and less than a 5% increase for more prescriptions. Early-life antibiotic exposure is associated with the risk of childhood overweight or obesity in a dose-response manner. Further studies are needed to confirm our results.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Humans; Odds Ratio; Overweight; Pediatric Obesity; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors
PubMed: 34328260
DOI: 10.1111/obr.13321 -
International Journal of Medical... Dec 2018Internet-based self-monitoring intervention offers accessibleand convenient weight management. This review aimed to systematically review the evidence on the... (Review)
Review Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Internet-based self-monitoring intervention offers accessibleand convenient weight management. This review aimed to systematically review the evidence on the effectiveness of internet-based self-monitoring intervention for overweight and obese adolescents.
METHOD
PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, ProQuest, PsycINFO and SCOPUS were systematically searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) from inception until December 13, 2017. The risk of bias and strength of evidence was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations criteria. Meta-analysis was performed on the RevMan software using a random effects model. The overall effect was assessed using effect size (Cohen'sd)and heterogeneity was evaluated using Cochrane Q and I values. PROSPERO database #CRD42016050089.
RESULTS
A total of 6841 records were identified. Six RCTs in 10 articles were selected amongst 505 adolescents across three countries who were overweight and obese. The meta-analysis revealed a small effect on the reduction of body mass index (BMI) and BMI z-scores (d = 0.30, 95% CI: -0.48 to -0.12). Subgroup analyses suggest the use of daily multicomponent self-monitoring, specified goal setting, face-to-face counselling and parental involvement. The overall quality of evidence was low due to the risk of bias and imprecision.
CONCLUSION
Internet-based self-monitoring intervention is a possible approach for overweight and obese adolescents to reduce their BMI. Further well-designed RCTs with follow-up data and large sample sizes are needed to ensure the robustness of the evidence.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Internet; Obesity; Overweight; Self-Management; Software
PubMed: 30409343
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2018.09.019 -
Zeitschrift Fur Kinder- Und... Jul 2009
Review
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Genetic Association Studies; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genome-Wide Association Study; Humans; Obesity; Overweight; Psychotherapy
PubMed: 20306778
DOI: No ID Found