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Environmental Health and Preventive... 2023Overweight and obesity lead to a range of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and stroke. Physical activity (PA) is an...
BACKGROUND
Overweight and obesity lead to a range of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and stroke. Physical activity (PA) is an important lifestyle behavior for controlling body weight. Dietary inflammatory index (DII), which is associated with systemic inflammatory markers, is used to evaluate the potential of dietary inflammation. This is the first study to investigate the independent and joint associations of PA and DII with the risk of overweight/obesity among US adults.
METHODS
Participants and data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007-2018, which is designed to examine the health and nutritional status of the non-institutionalized US population by a complex, multi-stage, probability sampling design.
RESULTS
A total of 10723 US adults were selected. Physically active participants had lower overweight/obesity risk (total-time PA: OR = 0.756, 95% CI: 0.669-0.855; leisure-time PA: OR = 0.723, 95% CI: 0.643-0.813; and walk/bicycle-time PA: OR = 0.748, 95% CI: 0.639-0.875); however, those with work-time PA showed no significant association between PA and overweight/obesity. Compared with participants in the lowest DII group (Q1), those in the other three groups had high risks of overweight/obesity (Q2: OR = 1.218, 95% CI: 1.054-1.409; Q3: OR = 1.452, 95% CI: 1.245-1.693; Q4: OR = 1.763, 95% CI: 1.495-2.079). In joint analyses, PA was not eligible for reducing risks of weight/obesity if far more pro-inflammatory diet (Q4 of DII = 2.949-5.502) was taken in (total-time PA: OR = 1.725, 95% CI: 1.420-2.097; leisure-time PA: OR = 1.627, 95% CI: 1.258-2.105; walk/bicycle-time PA: OR = 1.583, 95% CI: 1.074-2.332; and work-time PA: OR = 1.919, 95% CI: 1.493-2.467).
CONCLUSIONS
More leisure-time PA and walk/bicycle-time PA are associated with lower risk of overweight/obesity, and higher DII is associated with higher risk of overweight/obesity. In addition, higher DII impacts overweight/obesity substantially: once the DII score reached Q4, there is still risks of overweight/obesity even if PA is performed.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Overweight; Nutrition Surveys; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Obesity; Diet; Exercise
PubMed: 37380500
DOI: 10.1265/ehpm.23-00016 -
Annals of Agricultural and... 2014Obesity is a civilization disease and the proportion of people suffering from it continues to grow, especially in the developed countries. Number of obese people in... (Review)
Review
Obesity is a civilization disease and the proportion of people suffering from it continues to grow, especially in the developed countries. Number of obese people in Europe has increased threefold over the last 20 years. The paradox of obesity and poverty relationship is observed especially in the developed and developing countries. In developing countries, along with economic development and income growth, the number of people with overweight and obesity is increasing. This paradox has a relationship with both the easy availability and low cost of highly processed foods containing 'empty calories' and no nutritional value. To date, this paradox has been described in the United States and the United Kingdom, although many European countries are also experiencing high percentages of obese people. Among the reasons for the growing obesity in the population of poor people are: higher unemployment, lower education level, and irregular meals. Another cause of obesity is low physical activity, which among the poor is associated with a lack of money for sports equipment. Due to the large rate of deaths caused by diseases directly linked to obesity, the governments of many countries implement prevention programmes of overweight and obesity. These programmes are based primarily on educating the public about a healthy lifestyle based on healthy eating, daily physical activity and avoiding alcohol and cigarettes.
Topics: Developed Countries; Obesity; Overweight; Poverty; Risk Factors
PubMed: 25292135
DOI: 10.5604/12321966.1120608 -
Systematic Reviews Feb 2021The relationship between cancer with overweight and obesity has been extensively reported. However, the association between urinary cancers with these risk factors... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
The relationship between cancer with overweight and obesity has been extensively reported. However, the association between urinary cancers with these risk factors remains unclear, with existing reports showing conflicting findings. The current review, therefore, sought to clarify the latter association by assessing the methodological and reporting quality of existing systematic reviews on the subject.
METHODS
We first screened PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases for relevant literature and subjected the resulting articles to meta-analysis. We adopted the AMSTAR-2 and PRISMA checklists for assessing methodological and reporting quality, respectively, then performed meta-analyses to determine the relationship between incidence and mortality of three types of urinary cancers with obesity and overweight. Indirect comparisons were also done across subgroups.
RESULTS
All systematic reviews (SRs) were of critically low methodological quality. Seventeen SRs had minimal reporting flaws, and 11 SRs had minor reporting flaws. We found an association between obesity with an incidence of kidney (RR = 1.68, 95% CI 1.47-1.92), bladder (RR = 1.1, 95% CI 1.07-1.13), and prostate (RR = 1.02, 95% CI 0.91, 1.13) cancers. Similarly, overweight was associated with the incidence of the three types of cancer, recording RR values of 1.37 (95% CI 1.26-1.48), 1.07 (95% CI 1.03-1.1), and 1 (95% CI 0.93, 1.07) for kidney, bladder, and prostate cancers, respectively. With regard to the dose analysis, the RR of BMI (per 5 kg/m increase) was associated with kidney (RR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.2-1.28), bladder (RR = 1.03, 95% CI 1.02-1.05), and prostate (RR = 1.02, 95% CI 1.01, 1.03) cancers.
CONCLUSIONS
This comprehensive quantitative analysis provides an affirmation that overweight and obesity are strong risk factors for kidney cancer, owing to a strong association between them. Conversely, a weak association between overweight and obesity with bladder and prostate cancers confirms their status as mild risk factors for the 2 types of cancer. But due to the low quality of included SRs, the results need to be interpreted with caution.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
PROSPERO CRD42019119459.
Topics: Checklist; Humans; Male; Neoplasms; Obesity; Overweight; Research Report
PubMed: 33597037
DOI: 10.1186/s13643-021-01606-8 -
Clinical Chemistry Jan 2018Overweight and obesity are significant public health concerns that are linked to numerous negative health consequences. Physical activity is an important lifestyle... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Overweight and obesity are significant public health concerns that are linked to numerous negative health consequences. Physical activity is an important lifestyle behavior that contributes to body weight regulation.
CONTENT
Physical activity is inversely associated with weight gain and the incidence of obesity. Physical activity also contributes to additional weight loss when coupled with dietary modification, and it can result in modest weight loss when not coupled with dietary modification. Moreover, physical activity is associated with improved long-term weight loss and prevention of weight gain following initial weight loss. Current evidence supports that physical activity should be moderate to vigorous in intensity to influence body weight regulation. There is also a growing body of evidence that physical activity can be accumulated throughout the day in shorter periods of time rather than being performed during a structured and longer period, and that physical activity performed in this manner can be important for body weight regulation.
SUMMARY
The literature supports the inclusion of physical activity as an important lifestyle behavior for regulating body weight. There are multiple intervention approaches that may be effective for enhancing physical activity engagement within the context of weight control.
Topics: Diet; Energy Metabolism; Exercise; Humans; Life Style; Metabolic Syndrome; Obesity; Overweight; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Weight Gain; Weight Loss
PubMed: 29158251
DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2017.272443 -
The Journal of School Nursing : the... Apr 2012The prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity in the United States has resulted in a number of school-based health interventions. This article provides a review of... (Review)
Review
The prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity in the United States has resulted in a number of school-based health interventions. This article provides a review of research that addressed childhood overweight and obesity in minority, U.S. elementary schools. All studies reported some benefits in health behaviors and/or anthropometric measures. Effectiveness was greater when program objectives were specific, implemented across the school environments, extended into the community, and were culturally relevant. Because minority school children are disproportionately affected by overweight and obesity and poor health behaviors, and since schools may be the primary setting to address childhood overweight and obesity in communities, school nurses can be an advocate for school-based programs and facilitate success.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Mexican Americans; Mexico; Minority Groups; Obesity; Overweight; Population; School Health Services; School Nursing; United States
PubMed: 22025102
DOI: 10.1177/1059840511426147 -
Obesity Reviews : An Official Journal... Sep 2017Electronic-based (e-based) lifestyle interventions provide potential and cost-effective delivery of remote interventions for overweight and obese perinatal women. To... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Electronic-based (e-based) lifestyle interventions provide potential and cost-effective delivery of remote interventions for overweight and obese perinatal women. To date, no meta-analysis has reported the efficacy of maternal and neonatal outcomes. Seven electronic databases were searched from inception up to July 13, 2016, including the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, PsycINFO, PubMed and Scopus. Among the 1,145 studies retrieved, 14 randomized controlled trials were selected among 17 publications. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to appraise the quality assessment. The meta-analyses demonstrated a significant result for limiting gestational weight gain, losing postnatal weight in 1-2 months, increasing self-reported moderate and vigorous physical activity and reducing caloric intake using diet-related software. Our review shows that an e-based lifestyle intervention is an acceptable approach. The findings reveal the variability in intervention methods and provide limited conclusive evidence. Thus, future studies should examine the efficacy and essential components as well as the various approaches using optimal portions of in-person and phone sessions. Further evaluations comparing the effectiveness of different e-based lifestyle intervention approaches toward activity-related and diet-related outcomes are necessary.
Topics: Behavior Therapy; Diet; Exercise; Female; Humans; Life Style; Obesity; Overweight; Peripartum Period; Pregnancy; Software
PubMed: 28544551
DOI: 10.1111/obr.12557 -
Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy May 2022Several studies have examined acceptance and commitment therapy's (ACT) effectiveness for addressing physical and psychological distress people with obesity can face.... (Review)
Review
Several studies have examined acceptance and commitment therapy's (ACT) effectiveness for addressing physical and psychological distress people with obesity can face. Nevertheless, no review focusing specifically on ACT analysing randomized controlled trials (RCT) has been done up to date in this field. The present systematic review was developed following the PRISMA statement and aimed to examine ACT's effects on weight management and psychological well-being of adults with overweight or obesity. A conjunction of keywords related to ACT and excess weight was searched in four databases (Medline, PubMed, Psycinfo and Scopus) for articles meeting inclusion criteria. The literature search yielded 2,074 papers, and 16 were included in the review, finally. In 71.43% of the studies, ACT was effective to enhance psychological well-being; in 50% effectively targeted process variables and health behaviours related to weight management; in 31.82% of studies, physical variables were improved; and 21.38% of studies showed evidence in favour of ACT for eating behaviour modification. The present review supports ACT for promoting emotional aspects of individuals immersed in such weight-related battles and highlights the benefits of psychological well-being-oriented ACT in the context of obesity treatment. More studies targeting psychological well-being primarily and with longer follow-ups are required.
Topics: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy; Adult; Behavior Therapy; Feeding Behavior; Humans; Obesity; Overweight
PubMed: 34802174
DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2695 -
The British Journal of Nutrition Aug 2023When compared with the general population, people living with severe mental illness (SMI) are 1·8 times more likely to have obesity while in adult mental health secure... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
When compared with the general population, people living with severe mental illness (SMI) are 1·8 times more likely to have obesity while in adult mental health secure units, rates of obesity are 20 % higher than the general population. In England, there are currently 490 000 people living with SMI. The aim of this systematic review was to collate and synthesise the available quantitative and qualitative evidence on a broad range of weight management interventions for adults living with SMI and overweight or obesity. Primary outcomes were reductions in BMI and body weight. Following sifting, eighteen papers were included in the final review, which detailed the results of nineteen different interventions; however, there was a lack of qualitative evidence. Pooled results for three studies (MD - 3·49, 95 % CI - 6·85, -0·13, = 0·04) indicated a small effect in terms of body weight reduction but no effect on BMI for four studies (MD - 0·42, 95 % CI - 1·27, 0·44, = 0·34). Key recommendations for future research included integration of qualitative methodology into experimental study design, a review of outcome measures and for study authors to follow standardised guidelines for reporting to facilitate complete and transparent reporting.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Overweight; Obesity; Mental Disorders; Body Weight; Mental Health
PubMed: 36325987
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114522003403 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Oct 2016Obesity is an increasing global problem. Individuals with severe mental illness (SMI) are no exception; on the contrary, these patients are more often obese than others... (Review)
Review
Obesity is an increasing global problem. Individuals with severe mental illness (SMI) are no exception; on the contrary, these patients are more often obese than others and suffer from sequelae. Poor life style, poor socio-economic status and side effects to antipsychotics are well known contributors to obesity. Interventions targeting the individual have been tested with limited success. The healthcare systems and the communities have to rethink the integration of individuals with SMI as equal citizens in the society in order to prevent weight gain or for weight loss interventions to be successful.
Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Humans; Life Style; Mental Disorders; Obesity; Overweight; Socioeconomic Factors
PubMed: 27808048
DOI: No ID Found -
Family Practice Dec 2008Although overweight and obesity are major risk factors for ill health and premature death, leading to significant increases in workload and prescribing costs, primary... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Although overweight and obesity are major risk factors for ill health and premature death, leading to significant increases in workload and prescribing costs, primary health care providers continue to find managing overweight and obesity a difficult business.
OBJECTIVES
Six questions are addressed in an attempt to close the gap between primary care activities and public health goals to reduce overweight and obesity: what is overweight and obesity; what is the health impact of overweight and obesity; is individually directed advice effective in reducing overweight and obesity; can we increase the involvement of primary care in reducing overweight and obesity; how can public health actions complement the role of primary care; and how do we chose cost-effective interventions?
METHOD
Systematic reviews and key texts were identified from literature searches to provide a narrative summary to answer the six questions.
RESULTS
Overweight is defined as a body mass index (BMI) of > or = 25 and obesity as a BMI of > or = 30 where BMI = weight (kg)/height (m(2)). There is a positive relationship between the level of BMI and a wide range of conditions, including cancers and cardiovascular diseases. There is evidence that individually directed advice can reduce overweight and obesity or its risk. There is mixed evidence for the effectiveness of strategies in increasing the involvement of primary care in reducing overweight and obesity. There are many examples of public health actions that complement the role of primary care in reducing overweight and obesity. Overall cost-effective policy analyses have not been done per se for overweight and obesity but have shown that a combination of personal and non-personal interventions can be effective and cost-effective in reducing cardiovascular events.
CONCLUSION
The gap between primary care and public health in reducing overweight and obesity can be closed, but it requires sustained political support and investment.
Topics: Behavior Therapy; Body Mass Index; Chronic Disease; Health Promotion; Humans; Nutrition Policy; Obesity; Overweight; Primary Health Care; Public Health Practice; Risk Factors; Weight Loss
PubMed: 18796703
DOI: 10.1093/fampra/cmn060