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Redox Biology Oct 2020The mitochondrial electron transport chain utilizes a series of electron transfer reactions to generate cellular ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. A consequence of... (Review)
Review
The mitochondrial electron transport chain utilizes a series of electron transfer reactions to generate cellular ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. A consequence of electron transfer is the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which contributes to both homeostatic signaling as well as oxidative stress during pathology. In this graphical review we provide an overview of oxidative phosphorylation and its inter-relationship with ROS production by the electron transport chain. We also outline traditional and novel translational methodology for assessing mitochondrial energetics in health and disease.
Topics: Electron Transport; Mitochondrial Membranes; Oxidants; Oxidative Phosphorylation; Oxidative Stress; Reactive Oxygen Species
PubMed: 32811789
DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101674 -
Clinical Cancer Research : An Official... Jun 2021As tumors grow, they upregulate glycolytic and oxidative metabolism to support their increased and altered energetic demands. These metabolic changes have major effects... (Review)
Review
As tumors grow, they upregulate glycolytic and oxidative metabolism to support their increased and altered energetic demands. These metabolic changes have major effects on the tumor microenvironment. One of the properties leading to this aberrant metabolism is hypoxia, which occurs when tumors outgrow their often-chaotic vasculature. This scarcity of oxygen is known to induce radioresistance but can also have a disrupting effect on the antitumor immune response. Hypoxia inhibits immune effector cell function, while immune cells with a more suppressing phenotype become more active. Therefore, hypoxia strongly affects the efficacy of both radiotherapy and immunotherapy, as well as this therapy combination. Inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is gaining interest for its ability to combat tumor hypoxia, and there are strong indications that this results in a reactivation of the immune response. This strategy decreases oxygen consumption, leading to better oxygenation of hypoxic tumor areas and eventually an increase in immunogenic cell death induced by radio-immunotherapy combinations. Promising preclinical improvements in radio- and immunotherapy efficacy have been observed by the hypoxia-reducing effect of OXPHOS inhibitors and several compounds are currently in clinical trials for their anticancer properties. Here, we will review the pharmacologic attenuation of tumor hypoxia using OXPHOS inhibitors, with emphasis on their impact on the intrinsic antitumor immune response and how this affects the efficacy of (combined) radio- and immunotherapy.
Topics: Combined Modality Therapy; Humans; Immunotherapy; Neoplasms; Oxidative Phosphorylation; Radiotherapy; Tumor Hypoxia; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 33419779
DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-20-3913 -
Trends in Cell Biology Aug 2021Traditional culture media do not resemble the metabolic composition of human blood. The concentration of different metabolites in these media influences mitochondrial...
Traditional culture media do not resemble the metabolic composition of human blood. The concentration of different metabolites in these media influences mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) function. This knowledge is essential for the interpretation of results obtained from cellular models used for the study of OXPHOS function.
Topics: Cell Culture Techniques; Humans; Organelle Biogenesis; Oxidative Phosphorylation
PubMed: 34052102
DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.05.003 -
Annual Review of Biochemistry 1962
Topics: Humans; Metabolism; Oxidative Phosphorylation
PubMed: 14463786
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.bi.31.070162.000403 -
Harvey Lectures
Topics: Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Phosphorylation
PubMed: 13232547
DOI: No ID Found -
Science (New York, N.Y.) Aug 1958
Topics: Humans; Metabolism; Oxidative Phosphorylation
PubMed: 13568809
DOI: 10.1126/science.128.3322.450 -
The Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology Jan 1959
Topics: Humans; Metabolism; Oxidative Phosphorylation
PubMed: 13621396
DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1959.tb12518.x -
The Australian Journal of Experimental... Apr 1958
Topics: Humans; Metabolism; Oxidative Phosphorylation
PubMed: 13560369
DOI: 10.1038/icb.1958.21 -
Pharmacology & Therapeutics 1980
Review
Topics: Animals; Arsenates; Calcium; Ionophores; Mitochondria; Oxidative Phosphorylation; Structure-Activity Relationship; Uncoupling Agents
PubMed: 7003603
DOI: 10.1016/0163-7258(80)90027-3 -
Biological Reviews of the Cambridge... Aug 1966
Review
Topics: Electron Transport; Oxidative Phosphorylation; Phosphorus
PubMed: 5329743
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-185x.1966.tb01501.x