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Report on Carcinogens : Carcinogen... 2011
Topics: Androgens; Animals; Carcinogenicity Tests; Carcinogens, Environmental; Government Regulation; Guidelines as Topic; Humans; Leukemia; Molecular Structure; Neoplasms; Occupational Exposure; Oxymetholone; Rats
PubMed: 21860526
DOI: No ID Found -
Clinical Therapeutics Jun 2001Oxymetholone (17beta-hydroxy-2-[hydroxymethylene]-17-methyl-5alpha-androstan-3-one) is a 17alpha-alkylated anabolic-androgenic steroid and a synthetic derivative of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Oxymetholone (17beta-hydroxy-2-[hydroxymethylene]-17-methyl-5alpha-androstan-3-one) is a 17alpha-alkylated anabolic-androgenic steroid and a synthetic derivative of testosterone. It has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of anemias caused by deficient red cell production.
OBJECTIVES
This review summarizes the pharmacokinetics, current and future clinical applications, and adverse effects of oxymetholone. Relevant studies were identified using a search of MEDLINE through March 2001, supplemented by conference abstracts and presentations.
RESULTS
Because of its anabolic properties, oxymetholone has been studied for the treatment of HIV-associated wasting, antithrombin III deficiency, pediatric growth impairment, and damaged myocardium, with varying degrees of success. Hepatotoxicity is a major adverse effect associated with the use of oxymetholone, with cholestatic jaundice the most important hepatic side effect. Less common hepatic side effects associated with the use of anabolic-androgenic steroids include peliosis hepatis and formation of hepatic tumors. All anabolic-androgenic steroids can cause androgenic side effects, including acne, hirsutism, hair loss, clitoral/phallic enlargement, vocal changes, erectile tissue stimulation, gynecomastia, amenorrhea, and changes in libido and sexual potency.
CONCLUSIONS
As is the case with many anabolic-androgenic steroids, few pharmacokinetic and tolerability studies were performed before oxymetholone's approval in the 1960s. It has proved, however, to be an appropriate treatment choice for selected patients with anemia, if carefully monitored.
Topics: Anabolic Agents; Anemia; Humans; Oxymetholone
PubMed: 11440282
DOI: 10.1016/s0149-2918(01)80070-9 -
BETA : Bulletin of Experimental... Jul 1998
Topics: Adult; Anabolic Agents; Anemia; Child; Drug Interactions; Female; HIV Wasting Syndrome; Humans; Male; Oxymetholone
PubMed: 11365560
DOI: No ID Found -
Report on Carcinogens : Carcinogen... 2002
Topics: Animals; Carcinogens; Environmental Exposure; Government Regulation; Humans; Oxymetholone; United States
PubMed: 15328591
DOI: No ID Found -
Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2023Oxymetholone is one of the anabolic steroids that has widely been used among teenagers and athletes to increase their muscle bulk. It has undesirable effects on male...
Oxymetholone is one of the anabolic steroids that has widely been used among teenagers and athletes to increase their muscle bulk. It has undesirable effects on male health and fertility. In this study, the therapeutic effects of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on oxymetholone-induced testicular toxicity were investigated in adult albino rats. During the experiments, 49 adult male albino rats were divided into 4 main groups: Group 0 (donor group) included 10 rats for the donation of PRP, Group I (control group) included 15 rats, Group II included 8 rats that received 10 mg/kg of oxymetholone orally, once daily, for 30 days, and Group III included 16 rats and was subdivided into 2 subgroups (IIIa and IIIb) that received oxymetholone the same as group II and then received PRP once and twice, respectively. Testicular tissues of all examined rats were obtained for processing and histological examination and sperm smears were stained and examined for sperm morphology. Oxymetholone-treated rats revealed wide spaces in between the tubules, vacuolated cytoplasm, and dark pyknotic nuclei of most cells, as well as deposition of homogenous acidophilic material between the tubules. Electron microscopic examination showed vacuolated cytoplasm of most cells, swollen mitochondria, and perinuclear dilatation. Concerning subgroup IIIa (PRP once), there was a partial improvement in the form of decreased vacuolations and regeneration of spermatogenic cells, as well as a reasonable improvement in sperm morphology. Regarding subgroup IIIb (PRP twice), histological sections revealed restoration of the normal testicular structure to a great extent, regeneration of the spermatogenic cells, and most sperms had normal morphology. Thus, it is recommended to use PRP to minimize structural changes in the testis of adult albino rats caused by oxymetholone.
PubMed: 37366872
DOI: 10.3390/diseases11020084 -
Blut Jul 1978In order to study the effect of oxymetholone therapy in advanced myelofibrosis, 11 patients (4 females, 7 males) were given, 3--5 mg per kg body weight, long-term...
In order to study the effect of oxymetholone therapy in advanced myelofibrosis, 11 patients (4 females, 7 males) were given, 3--5 mg per kg body weight, long-term oxymetholone treatment in a prospective multicenter study. Five cases had previously had a diagnosis of polycythemia vera. All patients had anemia initially, 4 leukocytopenia and 10 thrombocytopenia in addition. Hepato-splenomegaly was present in all cases but in varying degree. Five patients required regular blood transfusions before treatment. In 9 of the 15 courses given, there was normalization of the peripheral blood or substantial improvement (better than 3 g hemoglobin/dl or 50 X 10(9) platelets/1) after androgens. Significant effects were noted both on hemoglobin values and platelet counts. The need for blood transfusions ceased completely in all 5 cases. When oxymetholone treatment was reduced or interrupted 4 patients relapsed; 2 of them responded to a renewed course. The red cell counts returned to previous polycythemic values in one patient and another died from acute leukemia. The results of this study suggest that androgens might be of value in advanced cases of myelofibrosis with transfusion-requiring anemia or severe thrombocytopenia.
Topics: Aged; Anemia; Female; Hepatomegaly; Humans; Leukopenia; Male; Middle Aged; Oxymetholone; Primary Myelofibrosis; Prospective Studies; Splenomegaly; Thrombocytopenia
PubMed: 667366
DOI: 10.1007/BF01006549 -
Clinical and Laboratory Haematology Jun 1994
Review
Topics: Adolescent; Bone Marrow Transplantation; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Cyclosporine; Drug Synergism; Humans; Male; Oxymetholone
PubMed: 7955931
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2257.1994.tb00409.x -
Report on Carcinogens : Carcinogen... 2004
Topics: Anabolic Agents; Animals; Carcinogenicity Tests; Carcinogens; Doping in Sports; Female; Government Regulation; Guidelines as Topic; Humans; Male; Models, Biological; Occupational Exposure; Oxymetholone; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Testosterone Congeners; United States
PubMed: 21089941
DOI: No ID Found -
Steroids Oct 2019A long-term metabolite of the doping agent oxymetholone (OXM-M2, 17β-hydroxymethyl-2,17α-methyl-18-norandrost-13-en-3-one) which has been identified by GC-MS/MS was...
A long-term metabolite of the doping agent oxymetholone (OXM-M2, 17β-hydroxymethyl-2,17α-methyl-18-norandrost-13-en-3-one) which has been identified by GC-MS/MS was synthesized from commercially available materials. Two efficient synthetic routes to access both C-17 epimers of tentative metabolites were developed. The identity and molecular configuration of the in vivo metabolite: 17β-hydroxymethyl-2α,17α-methyl-18-norandrost-13-en-3-one was confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction.
Topics: Crystallography, X-Ray; Humans; Models, Molecular; Molecular Conformation; Oxymetholone
PubMed: 31229510
DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2019.108430 -
Caspian Journal of Internal Medicine 2018The prevalence of using anabolic steroids such as oxymetholone is increasing. This highlights the need for closely monitoring side effects of this drug. Acute renal...
BACKGROUND
The prevalence of using anabolic steroids such as oxymetholone is increasing. This highlights the need for closely monitoring side effects of this drug. Acute renal failure (ARF) has been reported as a complication of rhabdomyolysis in anabolic steroids users.
CASE PRESENTATION
We present one 33-year-old man complaining of decreased urine volume, urine color change, and lower abdominal pain. He is engaged with a rare side effect of oxymetholone abuse. During assessments of potential medical issues associated with the intake of anabolic steroids, known side effects are known to be transient, but the need for appropriate interventions remains essential.
CONCLUSIONS
Rhabdomyolysis due to drug use and the consequent acute kidney injury are among the lethal risks associated with anabolic steroid abuse. In most cases, the symptoms are extensive and often misleading. Therefore, detailed history taking, physical scrutiny, paraclinical testing, and early diagnosis are crucial for rhabdomyolysis patients.
PubMed: 30510659
DOI: 10.22088/cjim.9.4.406