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Archives of Dermatology Nov 1976A 40-year-old woman developed a tender, greyish-white nodule of the index finger. Histologic examination disclosed mature and immature pacinian corpuscles.
A 40-year-old woman developed a tender, greyish-white nodule of the index finger. Histologic examination disclosed mature and immature pacinian corpuscles.
Topics: Adult; Female; Fingers; Humans; Mechanoreceptors; Neurofibroma; Pacinian Corpuscles; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 984861
DOI: No ID Found -
Brain Research Jun 1987The pacinian corpuscle is composed of an inner and an outer core or bulb. The former is formed by tightly packed and multi-layered thin cellular processes (lamellae) of...
The pacinian corpuscle is composed of an inner and an outer core or bulb. The former is formed by tightly packed and multi-layered thin cellular processes (lamellae) of lamellar cells which surround a centrally located axon terminal, and the latter, also called the capsule, is made up of very loosely piled layers of thin cells which encircle the inner core. Lamellar cells of the inner core are considered to be specialized Schwann cells, and the outer core cells are modified perineurial cells. In the present study, the matrix filling the extracellular spaces of the inner core consisted of basal lamina-like amorphous materials, sparce fine collagen fibrils, and the ground substance embedding these structural components. No definite basal laminae were found on the inner core lamellae except on the peripherally located ones which had distinct basal laminae. Outer-core cells were invested along the entire contour by distinct basal laminae. The interspace between the inner and outer cores was a continuation of the nerve endoneurium. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether the extracellular matrix of the pacinian corpuscle, especially that of the inner core, has the ability to cause corpuscle regeneration, i.e. to make the regenerating axons and Schwann cells differentiate into corpuscular axon terminals and inner core cells, respectively. Pacinian corpuscles in the periosteum at the distal end of the fibula of mice were repeatedly frozen (3-5 times) in situ with forceps cooled with liquid nitrogen. Within 2-3 days, all the cellular constituents of the corpuscle had degraded, while the extracellular matrices of the inner and outer cores apparently remained undamaged. After 5-7 days, regenerating axons and accompanying immature Schwann cells entered these extracellular matrices of the inner cores. A remarkable finding was that these immature Schwann cells were detached from the axon, and sent thin cellular processes around the axon in a characteristic fashion, basically forming the same pattern as lamellae in a normal corpuscle. The regeneration of the inner core was completed by about 40 days after the freezing treatment. In the outer core, perineurial cells proliferated and extended through the basal lamina tubes of the old cells, becoming new outer core cells. These findings indicate that the extracellular matrix of the pacinian corpuscle has a specific property to cause the regeneration of the corpuscle.
Topics: Animals; Extracellular Matrix; Mechanoreceptors; Mice; Microscopy, Electron; Nerve Degeneration; Nerve Regeneration; Pacinian Corpuscles
PubMed: 3594254
DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(87)90164-8 -
Lymphology Mar 2005
Topics: Adult; Biopsy; Humans; Lymph Nodes; Lymphatic Diseases; Male; Pacinian Corpuscles
PubMed: 15856682
DOI: No ID Found -
Skeletal Radiology Oct 2019To provide microdissection and histological confirmation of normal Pacinian corpuscles prospectively identified using MRI in a cadaver model.
OBJECTIVE
To provide microdissection and histological confirmation of normal Pacinian corpuscles prospectively identified using MRI in a cadaver model.
METHODS
3-T MRI of a cadaveric hand specimen was performed with fiduciary markers on the skin. Based on previous descriptions, subcutaneous nodules representing presumed Pacinian corpuscles were localized with respect to the skin markers, and their sizes and depths were recorded. Focused ultrasound was performed to attempt to visualize the corpuscles. Subsequent microdissection was then performed and the presence and location of Pacinian corpuscles were recorded and compared with the findings on MRI. Histological evaluation for each identified corpuscle was performed.
RESULTS
The MRI demonstrated 11 T2-hyperintense palmar subcutaneous nodules around the second through fifth metacarpophalangeal joints. None was visible sonographically. The first eight were dissected and proved to be normal Pacinian corpuscles histologically. In sites devoid of subcutaneous nodules on MRI, subsequent dissection failed to reveal any corpuscles.
CONCLUSION
On MRI, normal Pacinian corpuscles appear as round or oval, T2-hyperintense subcutaneous nodules in the palms, clustered around the metacarpophalangeal joints, and should not be mistaken for pathological conditions.
Topics: Cadaver; Hand; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Pacinian Corpuscles; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 31069468
DOI: 10.1007/s00256-019-03223-y -
Biomechanics and Modeling in... Aug 2018The Pacinian corpuscle (PC) is the cutaneous mechanoreceptor responsible for sensation of high-frequency (20-1000 Hz) vibrations. PCs lie deep within the skin, often in...
The Pacinian corpuscle (PC) is the cutaneous mechanoreceptor responsible for sensation of high-frequency (20-1000 Hz) vibrations. PCs lie deep within the skin, often in multicorpuscle clusters with overlapping receptive fields. We developed a finite-element mechanical model of one or two PCs embedded within human skin, coupled to a multiphysics PC model to simulate action potentials elicited by each PC. A vibration was applied to the skin surface, and the resulting mechanical signal was analyzed using two metrics: the deformation amplitude ratio ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and the phase shift of the vibration ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] between the stimulus and the PC. Our results showed that the amplitude attenuation and phase shift at a PC increased with distance from the stimulus to the PC. Differences in amplitude ([Formula: see text] and phase shift ([Formula: see text] between the two PCs in simulated clusters directly affected the interspike interval between the action potentials elicited by each PC ([Formula: see text]. While [Formula: see text] had a linear relationship with [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]'s effect on [Formula: see text] was greater for lower values of [Formula: see text]. In our simulations, the separation between PCs and the distance of each PC from the stimulus location resulted in differences in amplitude and phase shift at each PC that caused [Formula: see text] to vary with PC location. Our results suggest that PCs within a cluster receive different mechanical stimuli which may enhance source localization of vibrotactile stimuli, drawing parallels to sound localization in binaural hearing.
Topics: Action Potentials; Elasticity; Finite Element Analysis; Humans; Mechanotransduction, Cellular; Models, Biological; Pacinian Corpuscles; Skin; Viscosity
PubMed: 29550967
DOI: 10.1007/s10237-018-1011-1 -
Seminars in Dermatology Dec 1988
Review
Topics: Animals; Epidermis; Hair; Humans; Nerve Endings; Nerve Fibers; Pacinian Corpuscles; Sensory Receptor Cells; Skin
PubMed: 3153451
DOI: No ID Found -
Perception Aug 2017Although the ability of vibration to reduce pain has been extensively documented, an occasional participant reports that vibration increases pain. For pain patients,...
Although the ability of vibration to reduce pain has been extensively documented, an occasional participant reports that vibration increases pain. For pain patients, such reports may reflect pathophysiology, but this is unlikely in studies of experimental pain in healthy participants. In the present series of experiments on 27 pain-free individuals, we manipulated both the frequency (12, 50, and 80 Hz) and amplitude of vibration to more fully characterize vibratory pain modulation. The noxious stimulus was pressure applied to a finger, and vibration was delivered to the fleshy palmar pad at the base of the same finger. Subjects continuously reported pain on a Visual Analog Scale. Intermittent vibration was used to minimize peripheral vibratory adaptation. Pain records at 12 and 50 Hz were similar; pooling them revealed significant hypoalgesia at the highest amplitude. At 80 Hz, in contrast, the middle amplitude produced hypoalgesia, but a significant shift toward hyperalgesia occurred at the highest amplitude. The strong correlation ( r = .81) between the Pacinian-weighted power of a vibration and the absolute value of the pain modulation it produces indicates that the Pacinian system plays a key role in vibratory hypoalgesia or hyperalgesia.
Topics: Adult; Female; Fingers; Humans; Male; Nociception; Pacinian Corpuscles; Pain Measurement; Vibration; Young Adult
PubMed: 28715995
DOI: 10.1177/0301006617694630 -
IEEE Transactions on Haptics 2015This paper describes a multiscale analytical model of the lamellar structure and the biomechanical response of the Pacinian Corpuscle (PC). In order to analyze the...
This paper describes a multiscale analytical model of the lamellar structure and the biomechanical response of the Pacinian Corpuscle (PC). In order to analyze the contribution of the PC lamellar structure for detecting high-frequency vibrotactile (VT) stimuli covering 10 Hz to a few kHz, the model response is studied against trapezoidal and sinusoidal stimuli. The model identifies a few generalizable features of the lamellar structure which makes it scalable for different sizes of PC with different number of lamellae. The model describes the mechanical signal conditioning of the lamellar structure in terms of a recursive transfer-function, termed as the Compression-Transmittance-Transfer-Function (CTTF). The analytical results show that with the increase of the PC layer index above 15, the PC inner core (IC) relaxes within 1 ms against step compression of the outermost layer. This model also considers the mass of each PC layer to investigate its effect on the biomechanical response of the lamellar structure. The interlamellar spacing and its biomechanical properties along with the model response are validated with experimental data in the literature. The proposed model can be used for simulating a network of PCs considering their diversity for analyzing the high-frequency VT sensitivity of the human skin.
Topics: Biomechanical Phenomena; Computer Simulation; Humans; Models, Biological; Pacinian Corpuscles; Skin; Touch
PubMed: 25398182
DOI: 10.1109/TOH.2014.2369416 -
British Journal of Plastic Surgery Oct 1956
Topics: Dental Pulp; Humans; Medical Records; Neoplasms; Neuroma; Pacinian Corpuscles; Thumb
PubMed: 13374263
DOI: 10.1016/s0007-1226(56)80039-8 -
The Journal of Physiology Apr 1965
Topics: Cats; Electrophysiological Phenomena; Electrophysiology; Nerve Endings; Neurophysiology; Pacinian Corpuscles; Research; Sensory Receptor Cells
PubMed: 14321486
DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.1965.sp007598