-
Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters 2019Paclitaxel is a well-known anticancer agent with a unique mechanism of action. It is considered to be one of the most successful natural anticancer drugs available. This... (Review)
Review
Paclitaxel is a well-known anticancer agent with a unique mechanism of action. It is considered to be one of the most successful natural anticancer drugs available. This study summarizes the recent advances in our understanding of the sources, the anticancer mechanism, and the biosynthetic pathway of paclitaxel. With the advancement of biotechnology, improvements in endophytic fungal strains, and the use of recombination techniques and microbial fermentation engineering, the yield of extracted paclitaxel has increased significantly. Recently, paclitaxel has been found to play a large role in tumor immunity, and it has a great potential for use in many cancer treatments.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Biotechnology; Fermentation; Fungi; Humans; Immunotherapy; Neoplasms; Paclitaxel
PubMed: 31223315
DOI: 10.1186/s11658-019-0164-y -
Profiles of Drug Substances,... 2019Paclitaxel is the first microtubule-stabilizing agent identified and considered to be the most significant advance in chemotherapy of the past two decades. It is...
Paclitaxel is the first microtubule-stabilizing agent identified and considered to be the most significant advance in chemotherapy of the past two decades. It is considered one of the most widely used antineoplastic agents with broad activity in several cancers including breast cancer, endometrial cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer, bladder cancer, and cervical carcinoma. It is also used for treating AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma as a second line treatment. This comprehensive profile of paclitaxel gives overview of nomenclature, formulae, elemental analysis, appearance, application and uses. In addition, mechanism of action and resistance, different dosage forms and methods of drug preparation are elaborated. Moreover, the physicochemical properties involving X-ray powder diffraction pattern, drug solubility, melting point, differential scanning calorimetry, and stability were summarized. Furthermore, method of drug analysis including compendial, spectrophotometric, and chromatographic was discussed.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Drug Compounding; Paclitaxel; Powders
PubMed: 31029218
DOI: 10.1016/bs.podrm.2018.11.001 -
Molecular Biology of the Cell Sep 2014Taxol (generic name paclitaxel) is a microtubule-stabilizing drug that is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of ovarian, breast, and lung...
Taxol (generic name paclitaxel) is a microtubule-stabilizing drug that is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of ovarian, breast, and lung cancer, as well as Kaposi's sarcoma. It is used off-label to treat gastroesophageal, endometrial, cervical, prostate, and head and neck cancers, in addition to sarcoma, lymphoma, and leukemia. Paclitaxel has long been recognized to induce mitotic arrest, which leads to cell death in a subset of the arrested population. However, recent evidence demonstrates that intratumoral concentrations of paclitaxel are too low to cause mitotic arrest and result in multipolar divisions instead. It is hoped that this insight can now be used to develop a biomarker to identify the ∼50% of patients that will benefit from paclitaxel therapy. Here I discuss the history of paclitaxel and our recently evolved understanding of its mechanism of action.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Cell Cycle Checkpoints; Humans; Neoplasms; Paclitaxel
PubMed: 25213191
DOI: 10.1091/mbc.E14-04-0916 -
Expert Opinion on Drug Safety Sep 2007Better known as Taxol (Bristol-Myers Squibb), paclitaxel is the first member of the taxane family to be used in cancer chemotherapy. The taxanes exert their cytotoxic... (Review)
Review
Better known as Taxol (Bristol-Myers Squibb), paclitaxel is the first member of the taxane family to be used in cancer chemotherapy. The taxanes exert their cytotoxic effect by arresting mitosis through microtubule stabilization, resulting in cellular apoptosis. The use of paclitaxel as a chemotherapeutic agent has become a broadly accepted option in the treatment of patients with ovarian, breast and non-small cell lung cancers, malignant brain tumors, and a variety of other solid tumors. However, significant toxicities, such as myelosuppression and peripheral neuropathy, limit the effectiveness of paclitaxel-based treatment regimens. This review addresses the toxicities associated with paclitaxel treatment and describes existing and future strategies of paclitaxel administration directed at limiting these toxicities.
Topics: Animals; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Paclitaxel
PubMed: 17877447
DOI: 10.1517/14740338.6.5.609 -
International Immunopharmacology Apr 2022Today, it is well-known that the interactions and secretion within the tumour are crucial to consider for cancer therapy. Some novel cancer therapy modalities such as... (Review)
Review
Today, it is well-known that the interactions and secretion within the tumour are crucial to consider for cancer therapy. Some novel cancer therapy modalities such as immunotherapy or tumour vaccination therapy work based on the control of interactions within the tumour microenvironment (TME). It has been revealed that anti-cancer drugs or radiotherapy can modulate some interactions in favour of cancer therapy. However, they may induce some mechanisms to increase the resistance of cancer cells to therapy. Paclitaxel is known as the first approved herbal derived chemotherapy drug. Although the main known anti-cancer effect of paclitaxel is the inhibition of the cell cycle, today, it has been well known that paclitaxel may suppress the tumour via modulating several interactions in TME. Furthermore, paclitaxel may increase the expression of some tumour resistance drivers. This review aims to discuss the interactions within TME following treatment with paclitaxel. The effects of paclitaxel on the anti-tumour immunity, immunosuppressive cells, hypoxia, and also angiogenesis will be discussed. The targeting of these interactions may be interesting to increase therapy efficiency using the combination modalities.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Humans; Immunotherapy; Neoplasms; Paclitaxel; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 35121223
DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108555 -
Pharmacotherapy 1994Paclitaxel is a novel antineoplastic that effects cytotoxicity by promoting intracellular tubulin polymerization and stabilizes abnormal microtubule structures against... (Review)
Review
Paclitaxel is a novel antineoplastic that effects cytotoxicity by promoting intracellular tubulin polymerization and stabilizes abnormal microtubule structures against depolymerization. Although its clinical development had been hampered by misconceptions about its pharmacology, its scarcity, difficulties extracting it from its natural source, formulation problems, and frequent severe hypersensitivity reactions, paclitaxel recently was approved for treatment-refractory ovarian cancer. Two major adverse effects are dosage- and schedule-related myelosuppression and mucositis. Neurotoxicity is directly related to both the individual and cumulative doses. Other relevant toxicities are hypersensitivity reactions, effects on cardiac rate and rhythm, arthralgias and myalgias, generalized hair loss, and mild nausea and emesis. Continuing clinical studies will evaluate paclitaxel as initial therapy for ovarian cancer and its utility in other malignancies. In addition, major efforts are under way to develop alternative sources to increase the availability of taxene analogs and reduce our dependence on yew species.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Humans; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Neoplasms; Ovarian Neoplasms; Paclitaxel
PubMed: 7909150
DOI: 10.1002/j.1875-9114.1994.tb02785.x -
Colloids and Surfaces. B, Biointerfaces Aug 2023Paclitaxel is one of the most effective chemotherapeutic drugs which processes the obvious curative effect for a broad range of cancers including breast, ovarian, lung,... (Review)
Review
Paclitaxel is one of the most effective chemotherapeutic drugs which processes the obvious curative effect for a broad range of cancers including breast, ovarian, lung, and head & neck cancers. Though some novel paclitaxel-loaded formulations have been developed, the clinical application of the paclitaxel is still limited due to its toxicity and solubility issues. Over the past decades, we have seen rapid advances in applying nanocarriers in paclitaxel delivery systems. The nano-drug delivery systems offer unique advantages in enhancing the aqueous solubility, reducing side effects, increasing permeability, prolonging circulation half-life of paclitaxel. In this review, we summarize recent advances in developing novel paclitaxel-loaded nano delivery systems based on nanocarriers. These nanocarriers show great potentials in overcoming the disadvantages of pure paclitaxel and as a result improving the efficacy.
Topics: Humans; Paclitaxel; Nanoparticle Drug Delivery System; Precision Medicine; Drug Delivery Systems; Neoplasms; Nanoparticles; Cell Line, Tumor
PubMed: 37393700
DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113419 -
Current Pharmaceutical Design 2022Plants are a source of diverse classes of secondary metabolites with anticancer properties. Paclitaxel (Taxol) is an anticancer drug isolated from various Taxus species... (Review)
Review
Plants are a source of diverse classes of secondary metabolites with anticancer properties. Paclitaxel (Taxol) is an anticancer drug isolated from various Taxus species and is used as a chemotherapeutic agent against various cancers. The biosynthesis of paclitaxel is a complex pathway, making its total chemical synthesis commercially non-viable; hence, alternative novel sources - like plant cell culture and heterologous expression systems, are being investigated to overcome this issue. Advancements in the field of genetic engineering, microbial fermentation engineering, and recombinant techniques have significantly increased the achievable yields of paclitaxel. Indeed, paclitaxel selectively targets microtubules and causes cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase, inducing a cytotoxic effect in a concentration and time-dependent manner. Innovative drug delivery formulations, like the development of albumin-bound nanoparticles, nano-emulsions, nano-suspensions, liposomes, and polymeric micelles, have been applied to enhance the delivery of paclitaxel to tumor cells. This review focuses on the production, biosynthesis, mechanism of action, and anticancer effects of paclitaxel.
Topics: Humans; Paclitaxel; Taxus; Antineoplastic Agents; Neoplasms; Nanoparticles
PubMed: 36330627
DOI: 10.2174/1381612829666221102155212 -
Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing 2000
Review
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Drug Interactions; Drug Stability; Humans; Neoplasms; Oncology Nursing; Paclitaxel; Patient Education as Topic; Patient Selection
PubMed: 10865588
DOI: No ID Found -
Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism &... Jul 2021: Paclitaxel is a microtubule stabilizer that is currently one of the most utilized chemotherapeutic agents. Its efficacy in breast, uterine, lung and other neoplasms... (Review)
Review
: Paclitaxel is a microtubule stabilizer that is currently one of the most utilized chemotherapeutic agents. Its efficacy in breast, uterine, lung and other neoplasms made its safety profile enhancement a subject of great interest. Neurotoxicity is the most common paclitaxel-associated toxicities. In addition, hypersensitivity reactions, hematological, gastrointestinal, and cardiac toxicities are all encountered.: The current review explores paclitaxel-induced toxicities mechanisms and risk factors. Studies investigating these toxicities pharmacogenomic biomarkers are reviewed and summarized. There is a limited margin of consistency between the retrieved associations. Variants in genes related to neuro-sensitivity are the most promising candidates for future studies.: Genome-wide association studies highlighted multiple-candidate biomarkers relevant to neuro-sensitivity. Most of the identified paclitaxel-neurotoxicity candidate genes are derived from congenital neuropathy and diabetic-induced neurotoxicity pathways. Future studies should explore these sets of genes while considering the multifactorial nature of paclitaxel-induced neurotoxicity. In the absence of certain paclitaxel-toxicity biomarkers, future research should avoid earlier studies' caveats. Genes in paclitaxel's pharmacokinetic pathways could not provide consistent results in any of its associated toxicities. There is a need to dig deeper into toxicity-development mechanisms and personal vulnerability factors, rather than targeting only the genes suspected to affect drug exposure.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Biomarkers; Genome-Wide Association Study; Humans; Neoplasms; Neurotoxicity Syndromes; Paclitaxel; Pharmacogenetics
PubMed: 34128748
DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2021.1943358