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Colloids and Surfaces. B, Biointerfaces Jan 2011The potential of an indigenous bacterial strain isolated from an Iranian oil field for the production of biosurfactant was investigated in this study. After isolation,...
The potential of an indigenous bacterial strain isolated from an Iranian oil field for the production of biosurfactant was investigated in this study. After isolation, the bacterium was characterized to be Paenibacillus alvei by biochemical tests and 16S ribotyping. The biosurfactant, which was produced by this bacterium, was able to lower the surface tension of media to 35 mN/m. Accordingly, thin layer chromatography (TLC) and FT-IR has been carried out to determine compositional analysis of the produced biosurfactant. After all the tests related to characterization of the biosurfactant produced by the isolated bacterium, it was characterized as lipopeptide derivative. The combination of central composite rotatable design (CCRD) and response surface methodology (RSM) was exploited to optimize biosurfactant production. Therefore, variations of four impressive parameters, pH, temperature, glucose and salinity concentrations were selected for optimization of growth conditions. The empirical model developed through RSM in terms of effective operational factors mentioned above was found to be adequate to describe the biosurfactant production. A maximum reduction in surface tension was obtained under the optimal conditions of 13.03 g/l glucose concentration, 34.76 °C, 51.39 g/l total salt concentration and medium pH 6.89.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Iran; Models, Chemical; Paenibacillus; Petroleum; Spectrophotometry, Infrared; Surface Tension; Surface-Active Agents
PubMed: 20846835
DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.08.010 -
Microorganisms Aug 2023Honey bees coexist with fungi that colonize hive surfaces and pollen. Some of these fungi are opportunistic pathogens, but many are beneficial species that produce...
Honey bees coexist with fungi that colonize hive surfaces and pollen. Some of these fungi are opportunistic pathogens, but many are beneficial species that produce antimicrobial compounds for pollen conservation and the regulation of pathogen populations. In this study, we tested the in vitro antimicrobial activity of strains isolated from bee bread against (associated with European foulbrood disease) and three species that cause stonebrood disease. We found that methanol extracts of strains B18 and B195 inhibited the growth of at a concentration of 0.39 mg/mL. Bioactivity-guided dereplication revealed that the activity of the crude extracts correlated with the presence of diketopiperazines, a siderophore, and three unknown compounds. We propose that non-pathogenic fungi such as spp. and their metabolites in bee bread could be an important requirement to prevent disease. Agricultural practices involving the use of fungicides can disrupt the fungal community and thus negatively affect the health of bee colonies.
PubMed: 37630627
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11082067 -
Journal of Industrial Microbiology &... Jun 2013An antimicrobial substance produced by the Paenibacillus alvei strain AN5 was detected in fermentation broth. Subsequently, cell-free culture supernatant (CFCS) was...
An antimicrobial substance produced by the Paenibacillus alvei strain AN5 was detected in fermentation broth. Subsequently, cell-free culture supernatant (CFCS) was obtained by medium centrifugation and filtration, and its antimicrobial activity was tested. This showed a broad inhibitory spectrum against both Gram-positive and -negative bacterial strains. The CFCS was then purified and subjected to SDS-PAGE and infrared spectroscopy, which indicated the proteinaceous nature of the antimicrobial compound. Some de novo sequencing using an automatic Q-TOF premier system determined the amino acid sequence of the purified antimicrobial peptide as Y-S-K-S-L-P-L-S-V-L-N-P (1,316 Da). The novel peptide was designated as peptide AN5-1. Its mode of action was bactericidal, inducing cell lysis in E. coli ATCC 29522 and S. aureus, and non-cell lysis in both S. marcescens and B. cereus ATCC 14579. Peptide AN5-1 displayed stability at a wide range of pH values (2-12) and remained active after exposure to high temperatures (100 °C). It also maintained its antimicrobial activity after incubation with chemicals such as SDS, urea and EDTA.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Proteins; Culture Media, Conditioned; Fermentation; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Paenibacillus; Peptides; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
PubMed: 23508455
DOI: 10.1007/s10295-013-1259-5 -
Current Microbiology May 2024As a primary nutrient in agricultural soils, phosphorus plays a crucial but growth-limiting role for plants due to its complex interactions with various soil elements....
As a primary nutrient in agricultural soils, phosphorus plays a crucial but growth-limiting role for plants due to its complex interactions with various soil elements. This often results in excessive phosphorus fertilizer application, posing concerns for the environment. Agri-research has therefore shifted focus to increase fertilizer-use efficiency and minimize environmental impact by leveraging plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. This study aimed to evaluate the in-field incremental effect of inorganic phosphate concentration (up to 50 kg/ha/P) on the ability of two rhizobacterial isolates, Lysinibacillus sphaericus (T19), Paenibacillus alvei (T29), from the previous Breedt et al. (Ann Appl Biol 171:229-236, 2017) study on maize in enhancing the yield of commercially grown Duzi® cultivar wheat. Results obtained from three seasons of field trials revealed a significant relationship between soil phosphate concentration and the isolates' effectiveness in improving wheat yield. Rhizospheric samples collected at flowering during the third season, specifically to assess phosphatase enzyme activity at the different soil phosphate levels, demonstrated a significant decrease in soil phosphatase activity when the phosphorus rate reached 75% for both isolates. Furthermore, in vitro assessments of inorganic phosphate solubilization by both isolates at five increments of tricalcium phosphate-amended Pikovskaya media found that only isolate T19 was capable of solubilizing tricalcium at concentrations exceeding 3 mg/ml. The current study demonstrates the substantial influence of inorganic phosphate on the performance of individual rhizobacterial isolates, highlighting that this is an essential consideration when optimizing these isolates to increase wheat yield in commercial cultivation.
Topics: Triticum; Phosphates; Soil Microbiology; Soil; Rhizosphere; Fertilizers; Paenibacillus; Phosphorus
PubMed: 38734822
DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03685-x -
Carbohydrate Research Jul 2010The Gram-positive, mesophilic bacterium Paenibacillus alvei CCM 2051(T) possesses a two-dimensional crystalline protein surface layer (S-layer) with oblique lattice...
The Gram-positive, mesophilic bacterium Paenibacillus alvei CCM 2051(T) possesses a two-dimensional crystalline protein surface layer (S-layer) with oblique lattice symmetry composed of a single type of O-glycoprotein species. Herein, we describe a strategy for nanopatterned in vivo cell surface co-display of peptide and glycan epitopes based on this S-layer glycoprotein self-assembly system. The open reading frame of the corresponding structural gene spaA codes for a protein of 983 amino acids, including a signal peptide of 24 amino acids. The mature S-layer protein has a theoretical molecular mass of 105.95kDa and a calculated pI of 5.83. It contains three S-layer homology domains at the N-terminus that are involved in anchoring of the glycoprotein via a non-classical, pyruvylated secondary cell wall polymer to the peptidoglycan layer of the cell wall. For this polymer, several putative biosynthesis enzymes were identified upstream of the spaA gene. For in vivo cell surface display, the hexahistidine tag and the enhanced green fluorescent protein, respectively, were translationally fused to the C-terminus of SpaA. Immunoblot analysis, immunofluorescence staining, and fluorescence microscopy revealed that the fused epitopes were efficiently expressed and successfully displayed via the S-layer glycoprotein matrix on the surface of P. alvei CCM 2051(T) cells. In contrast, exclusively non-glycosylated chimeric SpaA proteins were displayed, when the S-layer of the glycosylation-deficient wsfP mutant was used as a display matrix.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Bacterial Proteins; Base Sequence; Carbohydrate Sequence; Cell Wall; Genetic Loci; Glycoproteins; Glycosylation; Molecular Sequence Data; Open Reading Frames; Paenibacillus; Phylogeny; Protein Engineering; Recombinant Fusion Proteins
PubMed: 20513375
DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2010.04.010 -
Glycoconjugate Journal Oct 2000The peptidoglycan, the secondary cell wall polymer (SCWP), and the surface layer (S-layer) glycoprotein are the major glycosylated cell wall components of Paenibacillus...
The peptidoglycan, the secondary cell wall polymer (SCWP), and the surface layer (S-layer) glycoprotein are the major glycosylated cell wall components of Paenibacillus alvei CCM 2051. In this report, the complete structure of the SCWP, its linkage to the peptidoglycan layer, and its physicochemical properties have been investigated. From the combined evidence of chemical and structural analyses together with one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, the following structure of the SCWP-peptidoglycan complex is proposed: [(Pyr4,6)-beta-D-ManpNAc-(1-->4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1-->3)]n-11-(Pyr4,6)-beta-D-ManpNAc-(1-->4)-alpha-D-GlcpNAc-(1-->O)-PO2-O-PO2-(O-->6)-MurNAc- Each disaccharide unit is substituted by 4,6-linked pyruvic acid residues. Under mild acidic conditions, up to 50% of them are lost, leaving non-substituted ManNAc residues. The anionic glycan chains constituting the SCWP are randomly linked via pyrophosphate groups to C-6 of muramic acid residues of the peptidoglycan layer. 31P NMR reveals two signals that, as a consequence of micelle formation, experience different line broadening. Therefore, their integral ratio deviates significantly from 1:1. By treatment with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, sodium dodecyl sulfate, and sonication immediately prior to NMR measurement, this ratio approaches unity. The reversibility of this behavior corroborates the presence of a pyrophosphate linker in this SCWP-peptidoglycan complex. In addition to the determination of the structure and linkage of the SCWP, a possible scenario for its biological function is discussed.
Topics: Bacillus; Carbohydrate Conformation; Carbohydrate Sequence; Cell Wall; Diphosphates; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Molecular Sequence Data; Molecular Structure; Muramic Acids; Peptidoglycan; Pyruvates
PubMed: 11425188
DOI: 10.1023/a:1011062302889 -
Biochemical and Biophysical Research... Feb 2009Two new peptide antibiotics were secreted by a Gram-positive bacterial strain isolated from fermented tomato fruit. Based on its 99% 16S rDNA sequence similarity with...
Two new peptide antibiotics were secreted by a Gram-positive bacterial strain isolated from fermented tomato fruit. Based on its 99% 16S rDNA sequence similarity with Paenibacillus alvei, the isolate was designated as P. alvei NP75. Among these two peptides, one is active against Gram-positive pathogens while the other against Gram-negative pathogens; thus these peptides were named as paenibacillin P and paenibacillin N, respectively. After the purification of those peptide antibiotics from the cell free culture supernatant by RP-HPLC, they were analyzed for their temperature sensitivity and susceptibility to proteases. Higher-temperature tolerant paenibacillin N was easily degraded by proteinase K, while the temperature sensitive paenibacillin P was not affected by any of the proteases used in this study other than a specific protease that was secreted by the same NP75 strain. Mass-spectrometry analysis of the above peptide antibiotics further confirmed their distinction among the known peptide antibiotics. We are reporting first of its kind the co-production of two different new peptide antibiotics from a single bacterial isolate of P. alvei strain.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; Bacillus; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Solanum lycopersicum; Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 19073145
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.12.007 -
Veterinary Research Communications Sep 2023Beekeeping is an important agricultural and commercial activity globally practiced. Honey bee is attacked by certain infectious pathogens. Most important brood diseases...
Beekeeping is an important agricultural and commercial activity globally practiced. Honey bee is attacked by certain infectious pathogens. Most important brood diseases are bacterial including American Foulbrood (AFB), caused by Paenibacillus larvae (P. larvae), and European Foulbrood (EFB) by Melissococcus plutonius (M. plutonius) in addition of secondary invaders, e.g. Paenibacillus alvei (P. alvei) and Paenibacillus dendritiformis (P. dendritiformis). These bacteria cause the death of larvae in honey bee colonies. In this work, antibacterial activities of extracts, fractions, and isolated certain compounds (nominated 1-3) all originated from moss, Dicranum polysetum Sw. ( D. polysetum), were tested against some honey bee bacterial pathogens. Minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration, and sporicidal values of methanol extract, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane fractions ranged between 10.4 and 18.98, 83.4-303.75 & 5.86-18.98 µg/mL against P. larvae, respectively. Antimicrobial activities of the ethyl acetate sub-fractions (fraction) and the isolated compounds (1-3) were tested against AFB- and EFB-causing bacteria. Bio-guided chromatographic separation of ethyl acetate fraction, a crude methanolic extract obtained from aerial parts of D. polysetum resulted in three natural compounds: a novel one, i.e. glycer-2-yl hexadeca-4-yne-7Z,10Z,13Z-trienoate (1, dicrapolysetoate; given as trivial name), in addition to two known triterpenoids poriferasterol (2), and γ-taraxasterol (3). Minimum inhibitory concentration ranges were 1.4-60.75, 8.12-65.0, 2.09-33.44 & 1.8-28.75 µg/mL for sub-fractions, compounds 1, 2, and 3, respectively.
Topics: Bees; Animals; Larva; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 36892790
DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10094-1 -
The Journal of Veterinary Medical... Feb 2009A bacterial strain isolated from the oral cavity of a healthy dog revealed an unusual colony formation in nebular appearance on agar plates. The isolated bacterial...
A bacterial strain isolated from the oral cavity of a healthy dog revealed an unusual colony formation in nebular appearance on agar plates. The isolated bacterial strain was Gram-positive, spore-forming rod with peritrichous flagella, and grown under aerobic conditions, but unable to grow at 45 degrees C. The strain was tentatively classified as Paenibacillus alvei according to the biochemical properties and the 16S rRNA gene sequence. The isolate exhibits collective locomotion on solid agar plates. The bacterial motility was inhibited with EDTA and was restored by adding magnesium. We concluded that magnesium ion is essential for collective locomotion of P. alvei. This suggests that EDTA is useful for inhibition of biofilm formation.
Topics: Animals; Chelating Agents; DNA, Bacterial; Dogs; Edetic Acid; Gram-Positive Endospore-Forming Bacteria; Magnesium; Molecular Sequence Data; Mouth; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 19262024
DOI: 10.1292/jvms.71.147 -
Colloids and Surfaces. B, Biointerfaces Sep 2013The demulsifying performance of Paenibacillus alvei ARN63 (P. alvei), as a biodemulsifier-producing bacterium, for breaking water-in-heavy crude oil emulsion has been...
The demulsifying performance of Paenibacillus alvei ARN63 (P. alvei), as a biodemulsifier-producing bacterium, for breaking water-in-heavy crude oil emulsion has been investigated. The produced lipopeptide biodemulsifier showed the potential to be used in the petroleum industry as an environmentally friendly and non-toxic material. To optimize the biodemulsifier production, the impacts of parameters such as temperature, pH, carbon source and carbon concentration at a constant agitation speed of 180 rpm and with ammonium sulfate as the sole nitrogen source (1.0 g/l) were studied in detail. Several normal paraffin compounds, vegetable oils and motor oil revealed the ability to be used as the carbon source for synthesis of biodemulsifier. The best biodemulsifier production was obtained employing motor oil as the carbon source with a concentration of 42.5 g/l at 37°C and pH 7.0 after 72 h of incubation. Under these conditions, the surface tension of the medium reduced from 58 mN/m to 24.7 mN/m and the biodemulsifier yield reached a value of 2.1 g/l. The demulsification ratio approached 77% and the produced biodemulsifier by P. alvei strain effectively broke water-in-heavy crude oil emulsion. According to biodemulsifier production and growth time course profiles, the biosynthesis was growth associated. Besides, the produced biodemulsifier had good stability during exposure to salinities up to 20%, temperatures up to 80°C and a wide pH range of 2-12.
Topics: Emulsions; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lipopeptides; Molecular Conformation; Paenibacillus; Petroleum; Temperature
PubMed: 23660310
DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.03.029