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Environmental Science and Pollution... Oct 2023Management of crustacean shell waste (SW) through an eco-friendly technique is an environmental obligation to control pollution. The present study showed a novel...
Management of crustacean shell waste (SW) through an eco-friendly technique is an environmental obligation to control pollution. The present study showed a novel approach through the simultaneous application of proteolytic and chitinolytic bacteria to effectively degrade unprocessed crustacean SW. For this, the bacteria with concurrent chitinolytic and proteolytic activity (Bacillus subtilis, Priestia megaterium, or Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) were applied either alone or in combination with one proteolytic strain (Paenibacillus alvei) in the unprocessed lobster, crab, and shrimp SW. The method degraded the shells with high deproteinization (> 90%) and demineralization efficiency (> 90%). The degradation was confirmed through scanning electron microscopy. The highest weight loss achieved with shrimp, crab, and lobster shells was 93.67%, 82.60%, and 83.33%, respectively. B. amyloliquefaciens + P. alvei combination produced the highest weight loss in crab and lobster SW, whereas all combinations produced statistically similar weight loss in shrimp SW. There was a concurrent production of N-acetyl glucosamine (up to 532.89, 627.87, and 498.95 mg/g of shrimp, lobster, and crab shell, respectively, with P. megaterium + P. alvei and B. amyloliquefaciens + P. alvei in all SW) and amino acids (4553.8, 648.89, 957.27 μg/g of shrimp, lobster, and crab shells, respectively with B. subtilis + P. alvei in shrimp and B. amyloliquefaciens + P. alvei in crab and lobster). Therefore, it is concluded that, for the first time, efficient degradation of crustacean shell waste was observed using chitinolytic and proteolytic bacterial fermentation with the obtention of byproducts, providing a basis for further application in SW management.
PubMed: 37851246
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30355-5 -
Journal of the American Society For... Oct 2015The rise of antimicrobial resistance necessitates the discovery and/or production of novel antibiotics. Isolated strains of Paenibacillus alvei were previously shown to...
The rise of antimicrobial resistance necessitates the discovery and/or production of novel antibiotics. Isolated strains of Paenibacillus alvei were previously shown to exhibit antimicrobial activity against a number of pathogens, such as E. coli, Salmonella, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The responsible antimicrobial compounds were isolated from these Paenibacillus strains and a combination of low and high resolution mass spectrometry with multiple-stage tandem mass spectrometry was used for identification. A group of closely related cyclic lipopeptides was identified, differing primarily by fatty acid chain length and one of two possible amino acid substitutions. Variation in the fatty acid length resulted in mass differences of 14 Da and yielded groups of related MS(n) spectra. Despite the inherent complexity of MS/MS spectra of cyclic compounds, straightforward analysis of these spectra was accomplished by determining differences in complementary product ion series between compounds that differ in molecular weight by 14 Da. The primary peptide sequence assignment was confirmed through genome mining; the combination of these analytical tools represents a workflow that can be used for the identification of complex antibiotics. The compounds also share amino acid sequence similarity to a previously identified broad-spectrum antibiotic isolated from Paenibacillus. The presence of such a wide distribution of related compounds produced by the same organism represents a novel class of broad-spectrum antibiotic compounds.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Escherichia coli; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Molecular Sequence Data; Paenibacillus; Peptides, Cyclic; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 26250559
DOI: 10.1007/s13361-015-1190-2 -
Journal of Bacteriology Feb 2013Paenibacillus alvei CCM 2051(T) cells are decorated with a two-dimensional (2D) crystalline array comprised of the glycosylated S-layer protein SpaA. At its N terminus,...
Paenibacillus alvei CCM 2051(T) cells are decorated with a two-dimensional (2D) crystalline array comprised of the glycosylated S-layer protein SpaA. At its N terminus, SpaA possesses three consecutive surface layer (S-layer) homology (SLH) domains containing the amino acid motif TRAE, known to play a key role in cell wall binding, as well as the TVEE and TRAQ variations thereof. SpaA is predicted to be anchored to the cell wall by interaction of the SLH domains with a peptidoglycan (PG)-associated, nonclassical, pyruvylated secondary cell wall polymer (SCWP). In this study, we have analyzed the role of the three predicted binding motifs within the SLH domains by mutating them into TAAA motifs, either individually, pairwise, or all of them. Effects were visualized in vivo by homologous expression of chimeras made of the mutated S-layer proteins and enhanced green fluorescent protein and in an in vitro binding assay using His-tagged SpaA variants and native PG-containing cell wall sacculi that either contained SCWP or were deprived of it. Experimental data indicated that (i) the TRAE, TVEE, and TRAQ motifs are critical for the binding function of SLH domains, (ii) two functional motifs are sufficient for cell wall binding, regardless of the domain location, (iii) SLH domains have a dual-recognition function for the SCWP and the PG, and (iv) cell wall anchoring is not necessary for SpaA glycosylation. Additionally, we showed that the SLH domains of SpaA are sufficient for in vivo cell surface display of foreign proteins at the cell surface of P. alvei.
Topics: Amino Acid Motifs; Amino Acid Sequence; Bacterial Proteins; Cell Membrane; Cell Wall; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Glycoproteins; Glycosylation; Membrane Glycoproteins; Paenibacillus; Plasmids; Protein Structure, Tertiary
PubMed: 23204458
DOI: 10.1128/JB.01487-12 -
Microorganisms Jul 2022Considering a scenario where there is a low availability and increasing costs of fertilizers in the global agricultural market, as well as a finitude of important...
Considering a scenario where there is a low availability and increasing costs of fertilizers in the global agricultural market, as well as a finitude of important natural resources, such as phosphorus (P), this study tested the effect of the inoculation of rhizospheric or endophytic microorganisms isolated from and on the growth promotion of (L.) Merr. The tests were conducted in a controlled greenhouse system, and the effects of biofertilization were evaluated using the following parameters: dry biomass, nutritional content, and photochemical and photosynthetic performance of plants. Seed biopriming was performed with four bacterial and four fungal isolates, and the results were compared to those of seeds treated with the commercial product Biomaphos. Overall, microbial inoculation had a positive effect on biomass accumulation in , especially in strains PA12 (), SC5 (), and SC15 (). The non-inoculated control plants accumulated less nutrients, both in the whole plant and aerial part, and had reduced chlorophyll index and low photosynthetic rate () and photochemical efficiency. Strains PA12 (), SC5 (), and 328EF ( sp.) stood out in the optimization of nutrient concentration, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance. Plants inoculated with the bacterial strains PA12 () and SC5 () and with the fungal strains 328EF ( sp.) and SC15 () showed the closest pattern to that observed in plants treated with Biomaphos, with the same trend of direction of the means associated with chlorophyll index, (), dry mass, and concentration of important nutrients such as N, P, and Mg. We recommend the use of these isolates in field tests to validate these strains for the production of biological inoculants as part of the portfolio of bioinputs available for .
PubMed: 35889105
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071386 -
Metabolites Aug 2022The rhizosphere microbiome is a major determinant of plant health. Plant-beneficial or plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) influence plant growth, plant...
The rhizosphere microbiome is a major determinant of plant health. Plant-beneficial or plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) influence plant growth, plant development and adaptive responses, such as induced resistance/priming. These new eco-friendly choices have highlighted volatile organic compounds (biogenic VOCs) as a potentially inexpensive, effective and efficient substitute for the use of agrochemicals. Secreted bacterial VOCs are low molecular weight lipophilic compounds with a low boiling point and high vapor pressures. As such, they can act as short- or long-distance signals in the rhizosphere, affecting competing microorganisms and impacting plant health. In this study, secreted VOCs from four PGPR strains ( (N19) (N04) (T19) and (T22)) were profiled by solid-phase micro-extraction gas chromatography mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS) combined with a multivariate data analysis. Metabolomic profiling with chemometric analyses revealed novel data on the composition of the secreted VOC blends of the four PGPR strains. Of the 121 annotated metabolites, most are known as bioactives which are able to affect metabolism in plant hosts. These VOCs belong to the following classes: alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, alkanes, alkenes, acids, amines, salicylic acid derivatives, pyrazines, furans, sulfides and terpenoids. The results further demonstrated the presence of species-specific and strain-specific VOCs, characterized by either the absence or presence of specific VOCs in the different strains. These molecules could be further investigated as biomarkers for the classification of an organism as a PGPR and selection for agricultural use.
PubMed: 36005635
DOI: 10.3390/metabo12080763 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2021Honey bees () perform pollination service for many agricultural crops and contribute to the global economy in agriculture and bee products. However, honey bee health is...
Honey bees () perform pollination service for many agricultural crops and contribute to the global economy in agriculture and bee products. However, honey bee health is an ongoing concern, as illustrated by persistent local population decline, caused by some severe bee diseases (e.g., nosemosis, AFB, EFB, chalkbrood) Three natural recipes are in development based on the bioactive compounds of different plants extract ( and ), characterised by HPLC-PDA. The antimicrobial activity of these recipes was tested in vitro against and in vivo against A mix of 20% blueberry, 40% absinthium, 10% oakmoss, 10% oregano, 10% Brewers Gold hops, 5% bay laurel and 5% anise hyssop extract showed the strongest antibacterial and antifungal activity. Combing several highly active plant extracts might be an alternative treatment against bee-disease-associated parasites and pathogens, in particular to replace synthetic antibiotics.
PubMed: 34439010
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10080960 -
Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences... Jan 2023<b>Background and Objective:</b> Isolation and investigation of plant growth promoting bacteria on potato plants can provide significant information for the...
<b>Background and Objective:</b> Isolation and investigation of plant growth promoting bacteria on potato plants can provide significant information for the application of beneficial bacteria in potato production. This study aims to isolate and characterize endophytic bacteria isolated from potato roots. In addition, the potential application of endophytes in promoting potato growth under <i>in vitro</i> conditions was also investigated. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> The roots from 15 healthy potato plants were excised and surface sterilized by NaOCl and finally rinsed by sterilized water. The confirmed surface-sterilized roots were then aseptically cut into small fragments and spread onto the isolation media, followed by incubation at 27°C for up to 3 days. Six isolates that showed differences in colony morphology were selected for further investigation. All isolates were screened for IAA production, nitrogen fixation, and phosphate solubilization. <b>Results:</b> Five of the isolates were identified as <i>Bacillus</i> and isolate 30 was identified as <i>Paenibacillus alvei</i>. All isolates exhibited good IAA production. While Iso-27 had no nitrogen fixation activity, Iso-28 showed the highest level of nitrogen fixation activity (3.59 mg L<sup>1</sup>), four isolates (Iso-9, Iso-10, Iso-11, Iso-28) could solubilize phosphate, ranging from 49.64 g L<sup>1</sup> to 67.98 mg L<sup>1</sup>. After being inoculated with <i>in vitro</i> potato plants, isolates 9, 10, 28, 30, improved the stalk length, root number, fresh mass and dried mass of the potato plants. <b>Conclusion:</b> The four isolates can potentially be applied in <i>in vitro</i> potato culture.
Topics: Solanum tuberosum; Indoleacetic Acids; Plant Development; Bacillus; Phosphates
PubMed: 37902078
DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2023.371.379 -
Biometals : An International Journal on... Dec 2017Bee disease caused by spore-forming Paenibacillus larvae and Paenibacillus alvei is a serious problem for honey production. Thus, there is an ongoing effort to find an...
Bee disease caused by spore-forming Paenibacillus larvae and Paenibacillus alvei is a serious problem for honey production. Thus, there is an ongoing effort to find an effective agent that shows broad biocidal activity with minimal environmental hazard. In this study, the biocidal effect of maltose reduced silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is evaluated against American foulbrood and European foulbrood pathogens. The results demonstrate that the maltose reduced AgNPs are excellent short and long-term biocides against P. larvae isolates. The long-term effect suggests that the Ag ions are released from the AgNPs with increasing time in a controlled manner.
Topics: Animals; Bacillus; Bees; Disinfectants; Dynamic Light Scattering; Green Chemistry Technology; Larva; Maltose; Metal Nanoparticles; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Micrococcus; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Paenibacillus; Silver; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
PubMed: 28986750
DOI: 10.1007/s10534-017-0055-5 -
International Journal of Biochemistry... 2012Prospection of cellulose-degrading bacteria in natural environments allows the identification of novel cellulases and hemicellulases that could be useful in...
Prospection of cellulose-degrading bacteria in natural environments allows the identification of novel cellulases and hemicellulases that could be useful in second-generation bioethanol production. In this work, cellulolytic bacteria were isolated from decaying native forest soils by enrichment on cellulose as sole carbon source. There was a predominance of Gram positive isolates that belonged to the phyla Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. Many primary isolates with cellulolytic activity were not pure cultures. From these consortia, isolation of pure constituents was attempted in order to test the hypothesis whether microbial consortia are needed for full degradation of complex substrates. Two isolates, CB1-2-A-5 and VG-4-A-2, were obtained as the pure constituents of CB1-2 and VG-4 consortia, respectively. Based on 16S RNA sequence, they could be classified as Variovorax paradoxus and Paenibacillus alvei. Noteworthy, only VG-4 consortium showed measurable xylan degrading capacity and signs of filter paper degradation. However, no xylan or filter paper degrading capacities were observed for the pure cultures isolated from it, suggesting that other members of this consortium were necessary for these hydrolyzing activities. Our results indicated that Paenibacillus sp. and Variovorax sp. as well as VG-4 consortium, might be a useful source of hydrolytic enzymes. Moreover, although Variovorax sp. had been previously identified in metagenomic studies of cellulolytic communities, this is the first report on the isolation and characterization of this microorganism as a cellulolytic genus.
PubMed: 23301200
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of... 2022The role of multi-heavy metal tolerant bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere of in the phytoremediation of Cu and Pb under laboratory conditions was investigated. The...
The role of multi-heavy metal tolerant bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere of in the phytoremediation of Cu and Pb under laboratory conditions was investigated. The heavy metal tolerant rhizosphere bacteria were identified as , , , , and Results showed a significant variation in wet weight, Heterotrophic Plate Count (HPC) of the rhizosphere, HPC of water, removal and uptake of Cu and Pb by , either alone or in association with the rhizosphere bacteria. The removal of Cu by in different experimental conditions showed that OTC (Oxytetracycline) untreated with rhizosphere bacteria has maximum removal with 95%, followed by alone with 84%. The OTC treated with rhizosphere bacteria could remove 81% of Cu. The maximum Pb removal efficiency of 93.4% was shown by OTC untreated with rhizosphere bacteria, followed by alone with 86.8%. The OTC treated with rhizosphere bacteria showed the least removal efficiency with 82.32%. The translocation factor (TF) values for Cu and Pb were lower than 1 indicated that the absorption was mainly accomplished in the roots of . The order of accumulation of Cu and Pb in was noted as root > leaf > petiole.
Topics: Bacteria; Biodegradation, Environmental; Eichhornia; Lead; Metals, Heavy; Rhizosphere; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 34846266
DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2021.2007215