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Environmental Technology Apr 2024In the present study, both acidic and alkaline hydrolysate of pineapple waste was utilised for the production of biohydrogen using locally isolated bacterial strains....
In the present study, both acidic and alkaline hydrolysate of pineapple waste was utilised for the production of biohydrogen using locally isolated bacterial strains. The bacteria were isolated from different wastewater sources and were identified as and . Experimental results showed that the highest biohydrogen yield of 836.33 ± 48.02 mL H was produced from alkaline hydrolysate with during the 96hr of fermentation. Among the different bacterial strains, showed higher H production. Comparatively alkaline hydrolysates exhibited a higher yield of hydrogen than acidic hydrolysates. The final pH of the experiment was found to be in acidic range. The total VFA concentration ranged between 930 ± 207.85 mg/L to 3050 ± 476.97 mg/L. Both sugar degradation and COD reduction were more than 80% in the acidic and alkaline hydrolysates while the lowest sugar degradation and COD reduction were observed for the untreated biomass. The rationale behind this study was to convert the waste biomass into energy by utilising the potential of native bacterial communities.
Topics: Fermentation; Wastewater; Ananas; Fruit; Bacteria; Sugars; Hydrogen
PubMed: 36591897
DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2164743 -
Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions :... Apr 2016In the last decades, the plant innate immune responses against pathogens have been extensively studied, while biocontrol interactions between soilborne fungal pathogens...
In the last decades, the plant innate immune responses against pathogens have been extensively studied, while biocontrol interactions between soilborne fungal pathogens and their hosts have received much less attention. Treatment of Arabidopsis thaliana with the nonpathogenic bacterium Paenibacillus alvei K165 was shown previously to protect against Verticillium dahliae by triggering induced systemic resistance (ISR). In the present study, we evaluated the involvement of the innate immune response in the K165-mediated protection of Arabidopsis against V. dahliae. Tests with Arabidopsis mutants impaired in several regulators of the early steps of the innate immune responses, including fls2, efr-1, bak1-4, mpk3, mpk6, wrky22, and wrky29 showed that FLS2 and WRKY22 have a central role in the K165-triggered ISR, while EFR1, MPK3, and MPK6 are possible susceptibility factors for V. dahliae and bak1 shows a tolerance phenomenon. The resistance induced by strain K165 is dependent on both salicylate and jasmonate-dependent defense pathways, as evidenced by an increased transient accumulation of PR1 and PDF1.2 transcripts in the aerial parts of infected plants treated with strain K165.
Topics: Arabidopsis; Arabidopsis Proteins; Cyclopentanes; Defensins; Disease Resistance; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Models, Biological; Oxylipins; Paenibacillus; Pest Control, Biological; Plant Components, Aerial; Plant Diseases; Plant Growth Regulators; Salicylic Acid; Signal Transduction; Verticillium
PubMed: 26780421
DOI: 10.1094/MPMI-11-15-0261-R -
Phytochemistry Sep 2000The polyisoprenylated benzophenones, chamones I and II, were isolated from the trunk latex of Clusia grandiflora (Clusiaceae) growing in southeastern Venezuela. A third...
The polyisoprenylated benzophenones, chamones I and II, were isolated from the trunk latex of Clusia grandiflora (Clusiaceae) growing in southeastern Venezuela. A third benzophenone, nemorosone II, was isolated from the pollinator reward resin of the female flowers of the same plant. Chamone I and nemorosone II are structurally similar, differing only in the degree of prenylation. Bioassays of chamone I and nemorosone II using the honeybee pathogens, Paenibacillus larvae and Paenibacillus alvei, demonstrate that both have potent antibacterial activity, and that their structural differences affect both their bactericidal efficacies and their aqueous mobilities.
Topics: Benzophenones; Latex; Rosales; Spectrum Analysis
PubMed: 11021641
DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(00)00193-x -
Metabolites Sep 2019Priming is a natural phenomenon that pre-conditions plants for enhanced defence against a wide range of pathogens. It represents a complementary strategy, or sustainable...
Priming is a natural phenomenon that pre-conditions plants for enhanced defence against a wide range of pathogens. It represents a complementary strategy, or sustainable alternative that can provide protection against disease. However, a comprehensive functional and mechanistic understanding of the various layers of priming events is still limited. A non-targeted metabolomics approach was used to investigate metabolic changes in plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR)-primed seedlings infected with the anthracnose-causing fungal pathogen, , with a focus on the post-challenge primed state phase. At the 4-leaf growth stage, the plants were treated with a strain of at 10 cfu mL. Following a 24 h PGPR application, the plants were inoculated with a spore suspension (10 spores mL), and the infection monitored over time: 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 days post-inoculation. Non-infected plants served as negative controls. Intracellular metabolites from both inoculated and non-inoculated plants were extracted with 80% methanol-water. The extracts were chromatographically and spectrometrically analysed on an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) system coupled to high-definition mass spectrometry. The acquired multidimensional data were processed to create data matrices for chemometric modelling. The computed models indicated time-related metabolic perturbations that reflect primed responses to the fungal infection. Evaluation of orthogonal projection to latent structure-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) loading shared and unique structures (SUS)-plots uncovered the differential stronger defence responses against the fungal infection observed in primed plants. These involved enhanced levels of amino acids (tyrosine, tryptophan), phytohormones (jasmonic acid and salicylic acid conjugates, and zeatin), and defence-related components of the lipidome. Furthermore, other defence responses in both naïve and primed plants were characterised by a complex mobilisation of phenolic compounds and biosynthesis of the flavones, apigenin and luteolin and the 3-deoxyanthocyanidin phytoalexins, apigeninidin and luteolinidin, as well as some related conjugates.
PubMed: 31547091
DOI: 10.3390/metabo9100194 -
Strategies to evade false positives in the in situ analysis of peptide antibiotics in SDS-PAGE gels.Analytical Biochemistry Feb 2008In situ activity assay is one of the promising techniques for the characterization of peptide antibiotics. This assay was carried out for the peptide purified from a new...
In situ activity assay is one of the promising techniques for the characterization of peptide antibiotics. This assay was carried out for the peptide purified from a new bacterial isolate Paenibacillus alvei and commercial peptide antibiotic polymixin E. Towards this, the routine and new protocols were tried. Interestingly, the unexpected result of these experiments - the "switch over activity" has led us to have further investigations. Here, we have addressed the potential problem in the methodology of in situ assay and demonstrated a fool proof protocol to evade the false positive results.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Colistin; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; False Positive Reactions; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Peptides
PubMed: 17959134
DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2007.09.022 -
Scientific Reports Aug 2018Although Bacillus cereus is of particular concern in food safety and public health, the role of other Bacillus species was overlooked. Therefore, we investigated the...
Poultry and beef meat as potential seedbeds for antimicrobial resistant enterotoxigenic Bacillus species: a materializing epidemiological and potential severe health hazard.
Although Bacillus cereus is of particular concern in food safety and public health, the role of other Bacillus species was overlooked. Therefore, we investigated the presence of eight enterotoxigenic genes, a hemolytic gene and phenotypic antibiotic resistance profiles of Bacillus species in retail meat samples. From 255 samples, 124 Bacillus isolates were recovered, 27 belonged to B. cereus and 97 were non-B. cereus species. Interestingly, the non-B. cereus isolates carried the virulence genes and exhibited phenotypic virulence characteristics as the B. cereus. However, correlation matrix analysis revealed the B. cereus group positively correlates with the presence of the genes hblA, hblC, and plc, and the detection of hemolysis (p < 0.05), while the other Bacillus sp. groups are negatively correlated. Tests for antimicrobial resistance against ten antibiotics revealed extensive drug and multi-drug resistant isolates. Statistical analyses didn't support a correlation of antibiotic resistance to tested virulence factors suggesting independence of these phenotypic markers and virulence genes. Of special interest was the isolation of Paenibacillus alvei and Geobacillus stearothermophilus from the imported meat samples being the first recorded. The isolation of non-B. cereus species carrying enterotoxigenic genes in meat within Egypt, suggests their impact on food safety and public health and should therefore not be minimised, posing an area that requires further research.
Topics: Bacillus cereus; Bacterial Proteins; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Food Microbiology; Meat; Paenibacillus; Poultry Products; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 30072706
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29932-3 -
Revista Argentina de Microbiologia 2004The fungus Ascosphaera apis, the causative agent of chalkbrood disease in honeybee larvae, occurs throughout the world and is found in many beekeeping areas of... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
The fungus Ascosphaera apis, the causative agent of chalkbrood disease in honeybee larvae, occurs throughout the world and is found in many beekeeping areas of Argentina. The potential as biocontrol agents of 249 aerobic spore-forming bacterial antagonists isolated from honey samples was evaluated. Each isolate was screened against A. apis by a central disk test assay. Ten bacterial strains that showed the best antagonistic effect to A. apis were selected for further study and identified as Bacillus cereus (m363, mv86, mv81, mv75), Bacillus circulans (Fr231, m448b), Bacillus megaterium (m435), Bacillus pumilus (m354), Bacillus subtilis (m329), and Paenibacillus alvei (m321). For testing the efficiency of the selected strains, a paired culture test was used with 5 replicates of each combination bacterial antagonist/A. apis strain, and 5 replications for each control on 4 different culture media. The analysis of variance and posterior comparison of means according to LSD method showed that the best antagonists when using YGPSA medium were B. subtilis (m329) and B. megaterium (m435), and in the case of MYPGP medium the most efficient were B. circulans strains Fr 231 and m448b.
Topics: Animals; Ascomycota; Bacillus; Bacillus cereus; Bacillus megaterium; Bees; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Honey; Larva; Mycology; Pest Control, Biological; Species Specificity
PubMed: 15174751
DOI: No ID Found -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Jul 2019Recent papers have reported dipeptides containing d-amino acids to have novel effects that cannot be observed with ll-dipeptides, and such dipeptides are expected to be...
Recent papers have reported dipeptides containing d-amino acids to have novel effects that cannot be observed with ll-dipeptides, and such dipeptides are expected to be novel functional compounds for pharmaceuticals and food additives. Although the functions of d-amino acid-containing dipeptides are gaining more attention, there are few reports on the synthetic enzymes that can accept d-amino acids as substrates, and synthetic methods for d-amino acid-containing dipeptides have not yet been constructed. Previously, we developed a chemoenzymatic system for amide synthesis that comprised enzymatic activation and a subsequent nucleophilic substitution reaction. In this study, we demonstrated the application of the system for d-amino acid-containing-dipeptide synthesis. We chose six adenylation domains as targets according to our newly constructed hypothesis, i.e., an adenylation domain located upstream from the epimerization domain may activate d-amino acid as well as l-amino acid. We successfully synthesized over 40 kinds of d-amino acid-containing dipeptides, including ld-, dl-, and dd-dipeptides, using only two adenylation domains, TycA-A from tyrocidine synthetase and BacB2-A from bacitracin synthetase. Furthermore, this study offered the possibility that the epimerization domain could be a clue to the activity of the adenylation domains toward d-amino acid. This paper provides additional information regarding d-amino acid-containing-dipeptide synthesis through the combination of enzymatic adenylation and chemical nucleophilic reaction, and this system will be a useful tool for dipeptide synthesis. Because almost all amino acids in nature are l-amino acids, the functioning of d-amino acids has received little attention. Thus, there is little information available on the activity of enzymes toward d-amino acids or synthetic methods for d-amino acid-containing dipeptides. Recently, d-amino acids and d-amino acid-containing peptides have attracted attention as novel functional compounds, and d-amino acid-activating enzymes and synthetic methods are required for the development of the d-amino acid-containing-peptide industry. This study provides additional knowledge regarding d-amino acid-activating enzymes and proposes a unique synthetic method for d-amino acid-containing peptides, including ld-, dl-, and dd-dipeptides.
Topics: Amino Acids; Bacillus licheniformis; Bacterial Proteins; Biocatalysis; Dipeptides; Paenibacillus; Peptide Synthases; Protein Domains; Substrate Specificity
PubMed: 31003981
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00120-19 -
International Journal of Food... Aug 2002A total of 126 isolates of Bacillus and related genera from indigenous, spontaneously fermented soybeans (Kinema) and locust beans (Soumbala) were characterized with the...
A total of 126 isolates of Bacillus and related genera from indigenous, spontaneously fermented soybeans (Kinema) and locust beans (Soumbala) were characterized with the purpose of defining interspecific, as well as intraspecific relationships among the components of their microflora. B. subtilis was the dominant species, and species diversity was more pronounced in Soumbala than in Kinema. While from Kinema, six species were isolated (B. subtilis, B. licheniformis, B. cereus, B. circulans, B. thuringiensis and B. sphaericus), in Soumbala, the species found were B. subtilis, B. thuringiensis, B. licheniformis, B. cereu, B. badius, Paenibacillus alvei, B. firmus, P. larvae, Brevibacillus laterosporus, B. megaterium, B. mycoides and B. sphaericus. Genomic diversity in the isolates of B. subtilis was investigated by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The RAPD-PCR fingerprint analysis showed a high level of diversity. With more than 90% similarity, all 52 RAPD subdivisions were source and continent-wise homogeneous. Profiles of carbon source fermentation also showed a wide but corresponding phenotypic diversity, largely corresponding with RAPD subdivisions. The various strains were tested for several criteria for functionality in soybean fermentation, viz. protein degradation, pH increase, and development of desirable stickiness caused by viscous exopolymers. Profiles of functionality, based upon estimations of pH, free amino nitrogen and stickiness were associated with genotypic and phenotypic profiles. Notwithstanding the heterogenous fermentation results for some genotypic profiles, a ranking of RAPD groups is possible and can be useful in the further selection and study of B. subtilis strains.
Topics: Bacillus; DNA Fingerprinting; DNA, Bacterial; Fabaceae; Fermentation; Food Microbiology; Genetic Variation; Phenotype; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique; Glycine max; Species Specificity
PubMed: 12160077
DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1605(02)00124-1 -
Medecine Tropicale : Revue Du Corps de... Jun 2008
Topics: Bacillaceae Infections; Bacillus; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Scalp; Wound Infection
PubMed: 18689331
DOI: No ID Found