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Environmental Microbiology Oct 2021The bacterium Paenibacillus polymyxa is found naturally in diverse niches. Microbiome analyses have revealed enrichment in the genus Paenibacillus in soils under... (Review)
Review
The bacterium Paenibacillus polymyxa is found naturally in diverse niches. Microbiome analyses have revealed enrichment in the genus Paenibacillus in soils under different adverse conditions, which is often accompanied by improved growth conditions for residing plants. Furthermore, Paenibacillus is a member of the core microbiome of several agriculturally important crops, making its close association with plants an interesting research topic. This review covers the versatile interaction possibilities of P. polymyxa with plants and its applicability in industry and agriculture. Thanks to its array of produced compounds and traits, P. polymyxa is likely an efficient plant growth-promoting bacterium, with the potential of biofertilization, biocontrol and protection against abiotic stresses. By contrast, cases of phytotoxicity of P. polymyxa have been described as well, in which growth conditions seem to play a key role. Because of its adjustable character, we propose this bacterial species as an outstanding model for future studies on host-microbe communications and on the manner how the environment can influence these interactions.
Topics: Paenibacillus; Paenibacillus polymyxa; Plant Development; Plants
PubMed: 33684235
DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15450 -
Trends in Microbiology Jun 2023
Topics: Paenibacillus polymyxa
PubMed: 36564337
DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2022.11.010 -
International Journal of Biological... Mar 2024Paenibacillus polymyxa (P. polymyxa) is a member of the genus Paenibacillus, which is a rod-shaped, spore-forming gram-positive bacterium. P. polymyxa is a source of... (Review)
Review
Paenibacillus polymyxa (P. polymyxa) is a member of the genus Paenibacillus, which is a rod-shaped, spore-forming gram-positive bacterium. P. polymyxa is a source of many metabolically active substances, including polypeptides, volatile organic compounds, phytohormone, hydrolytic enzymes, exopolysaccharide (EPS), etc. Due to the wide range of compounds that it produces, P. polymyxa has been extensively studied as a plant growth promoting bacterium which provides a direct benefit to plants through the improvement of N fixation from the atmosphere and enhancement of the solubilization of phosphorus and the uptake of iron in the soil, and phytohormones production. Among the metabolites from P. polymyxa, EPS exhibits many activities, for example, antioxidant, immunomodulating, anti-tumor and many others. EPS has various applications in food, agriculture, environmental protection. Particularly, in the field of sustainable agriculture, P. polymyxa EPS can be served as a biofilm to colonize microbes, and also can act as a nutrient sink on the roots of plants in the rhizosphere. Therefore, this paper would provide a comprehensive review of the advancements of diverse aspects of EPS from P. polymyxa, including the production, extraction, structure, biosynthesis, bioactivity and applications, etc. It would provide a direction for future research on P. polymyxa EPS.
Topics: Paenibacillus polymyxa; Paenibacillus; Plant Growth Regulators; Plant Development; Plants
PubMed: 38278396
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129663 -
Toxins Feb 2023An antibiotic produced by 7F1 was studied. The 7F1 strain was isolated from the rhizosphere of a wheat field. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the...
An antibiotic produced by 7F1 was studied. The 7F1 strain was isolated from the rhizosphere of a wheat field. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the physicochemical parameters. The strain showed broad-spectrum activity against several plant pathogens. Identification of the strain was realized based on 16s rRNA gene and gene sequencing. The antibiotic was optimized by one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) and response surface methodology (RSM) approaches. The suitable antibiotic production conditions were optimized using the one-factor-at-a-time method. The individual and interaction effects of three independent variables: culture temperature, initial pH, and culture time, were optimized by Box-Behnken design. The 16SrRNA gene sequence (1239 nucleotides) and gene (1111 nucleotides) were determined for strain 7F1 and shared the highest identities to those of . The results showed the optimal fermentation conditions for antibiotics produced by 7F1 were a culture temperature of 38 °C, initial pH of 8.0, and culture time of 8 h. The antibiotics produced by 7F1 include lipopeptides such as iturin A and surfactin. The results provide a theoretical basis for the development of bacteriostatic biological agents and the control of mycotoxins.
Topics: Paenibacillus polymyxa; Fusarium; Anti-Bacterial Agents; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Fermentation
PubMed: 36828452
DOI: 10.3390/toxins15020138 -
Journal of Applied Microbiology Aug 2022Algicidal bacteria can be used for control of harmful algal bloom and extraction of algal bioproducts based on their algae-lysing activities. This work investigated the...
AIMS
Algicidal bacteria can be used for control of harmful algal bloom and extraction of algal bioproducts based on their algae-lysing activities. This work investigated the algae-lysing activity of a newly isolated algicidal bacterium, Paenibacillus polymyxa strain MEZ6 and its possible mechanisms.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Algicidal bacteria were isolated from soil samples collected at the university campus. Co-inoculation tests identified that one isolate, MEZ6, can rapidly kill eukaryotic algae including Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Tribonema minus, Haematococcus pluvialis, and Chlorella ellipsoidea. The strain was determined as Paenibacillus polymyxa MEZ6 based on 16S rRNA gene sequence and genome comparisons. The algicidal activity was detected in both living cells and cell-free supernatant of spent culture medium, suggesting cell-cell contact is not required for algicidal activity. Strain MEZ6 was less active towards cyanobacterial strains compared to algae. Genomic sequence and comparative proteomic analyses were performed to explore the possible algicidal mechanisms of the strain. Differentially expressed protein analysis identified a number of proteins related to polysaccharides degradation and antimicrobial secondary metabolite biosynthesis that may be involved in the algicidal activity of MEZ6.
CONCLUSION
Paenibacillus polymyxa MEZ6 is a newly discovered gram-positive algicidal bacterial strain with high lytic activity towards several algal species.
SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY
Our study extends the understanding of the versatile characters of Paenibacillus polymyxa and sheds new insights into its application in algae biotechnology.
Topics: Bacteria; Chlorella; Harmful Algal Bloom; Humans; Microalgae; Paenibacillus; Paenibacillus polymyxa; Proteomics; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 35462459
DOI: 10.1111/jam.15592 -
Scientific Reports Jan 2019Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium graminearum pathogens constitutes a major threat to agricultural production because it frequently reduces the yield and...
Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium graminearum pathogens constitutes a major threat to agricultural production because it frequently reduces the yield and quality of the crop. The disease severity is predicted to increase in various regions owing to climate change. Integrated management where biocontrol plays an important role has been suggested in order to fight FHB. P. polymyxa A26 is known to be an effective antagonist against F. graminearum. Deeper understanding of the mode of action of P. polymyxa A26 is needed to develop strategies for its application under natural settings in order to effectively overcome the pathogenic effects. This study aims to re-evaluate a former study and reveal whether compounds other than non-ribosomal antibiotic lipopeptides could be responsible for the antagonistic effect, despite what is often reported. Wheat seedlings were grown to maturity and the spikes infected with the pathogen under greenhouse conditions. The development of FHB infection, quantified via the disease incidence severity and 100-kernel weight, was strongly correlated (r > 0.78, p < 0.01) with the content of the polysaccharide component D-glucuronic acid in the biofilm. Furthermore, while increased inoculum density from 10 to 10 cells/ml did not affect wild type performance, a significant increase was observed with the P. polymyxa mutant deficient in nonribosomal lipopeptide synthesis. Our results show that P. polymyxa A26 biofilm extracellular polysaccharides are capable of antagonizing F. graminearum and that the uronate content of the polysaccharides is of critical importance in the antagonism.
Topics: Biofilms; Fusarium; Paenibacillus polymyxa; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Triticum
PubMed: 30679760
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37718-w -
Life Science Alliance Oct 2020is an agriculturally important plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium. Many species are known to be engaged in complex bacteria-bacteria and bacteria-host interactions,...
is an agriculturally important plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium. Many species are known to be engaged in complex bacteria-bacteria and bacteria-host interactions, which in other species were shown to necessitate quorum sensing communication. However, to date, no quorum sensing systems have been described in Here, we show that the type strain ATCC 842 encodes at least 16 peptide-based communication systems. Each of these systems is comprised of a pro-peptide that is secreted to the growth medium and processed to generate a mature short peptide. Each peptide has a cognate intracellular receptor of the RRNPP family, and we show that external addition of communication peptides leads to reprogramming of the transcriptional response. We found that these quorum sensing systems are conserved across hundreds of species belonging to the family, with some species encoding more than 25 different peptide-receptor pairs, representing a record number of quorum sensing systems encoded in a single genome.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Genome, Bacterial; Genomics; Paenibacillus; Paenibacillus polymyxa; Plant Development; Quorum Sensing
PubMed: 32764104
DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000847 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2019The Gram-positive rhizosphere bacterium promotes plant growth and produces various antibiotics. Herein, we review research on this species over the past two and a half... (Review)
Review
The Gram-positive rhizosphere bacterium promotes plant growth and produces various antibiotics. Herein, we review research on this species over the past two and a half decades, and focus on the mechanisms of strain E681, isolated from barley roots in the South Korea in 1995. Strain E681 has outstanding growth-promoting effects on barley, cucumber, pepper, sesame, and and produces antimicrobial compounds that protect plants against pathogenic fungi, oomycetes, and bacteria. Induced systemic resistance elicited by treating seeds or roots with strain E681 is a possible mechanism for protecting systemic plant tissues from biotic and other environmental stresses. Genome sequencing has broadened our horizons for antibiotic development and other industrial applications beyond agricultural use. At least six gene clusters for the biosynthesis of antibiotics have been discovered, including polymyxin (), which was recently re-instated as an antibiotic of last resort against Gram-negative drug-resistant bacteria. Three groups of antibiotic synthetases include the gene clusters that encode one for the non-ribosomal peptide polymyxin, fusaricidin, and tridecaptin, another for the lantibiotic paenilan, and the third for a polyketide. We successfully introduced the gene cluster into the surrogate host and created polymyxin derivatives by domain swapping. Furthermore, various E681 derivatives, including a high fusaricidin producer and strains lacking multi-antibiotics production, have been constructed by random mutagenesis and genome engineering. Thus, E681 is an important bacterium that contributes to both plant and human health.
PubMed: 30930873
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00467 -
Canadian Journal of Microbiology Mar 2020Increasing the use of nitrogen fertilizers in tea orchards has led to intense nitrous oxide (NO) emissions. Foliar application of biofertilizer has been proven to be...
Increasing the use of nitrogen fertilizers in tea orchards has led to intense nitrous oxide (NO) emissions. Foliar application of biofertilizer has been proven to be beneficial for organic tea production. In this study, tea yield and quality were significantly improved after application of biofertilizer compared with the control but were not significantly different from chemical fertilizer treatments. However, the average NO fluxes in tea fields treated with chemical fertilizers and biofertilizers (225 kg N·ha·year for both) were 50.6-973.7 and 0.6-29.1 times higher than those in the control treatment, respectively. Pot experiments conducted to explore the mechanism of NO reduction induced by biofertilizer showed that applying in addition to urea could reduce NO fluxes by 36.5%-73.1%. Quantitative PCR analysis suggested that a significant increase in the quantity of and genes was linked to the reduction of NO, and high-throughput sequencing of revealed active and potentially efficient denitrifiers in different treatments. Our findings suggest that biofertilizer is in line with the requirements of modern agriculture, which aims to increase product yield and quality while reducing negative environmental impacts.
Topics: Agricultural Inoculants; Agriculture; Camellia sinensis; Denitrification; Fertilizers; Nitrous Oxide; Paenibacillus polymyxa; Soil; Soil Microbiology; Urea
PubMed: 32011910
DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2019-0511 -
BMC Microbiology Mar 2021Paenibacillus polymyxa SC2, a bacterium isolated from the rhizosphere soil of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), promotes growth and biocontrol of pepper. However, the...
BACKGROUND
Paenibacillus polymyxa SC2, a bacterium isolated from the rhizosphere soil of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), promotes growth and biocontrol of pepper. However, the mechanisms of interaction between P. polymyxa SC2 and pepper have not yet been elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the interactional relationship of P. polymyxa SC2 and pepper using transcriptomics.
RESULTS
P. polymyxa SC2 promotes growth of pepper stems and leaves in pot experiments in the greenhouse. Under interaction conditions, peppers stimulate the expression of genes related to quorum sensing, chemotaxis, and biofilm formation in P. polymyxa SC2. Peppers induced the expression of polymyxin and fusaricidin biosynthesis genes in P. polymyxa SC2, and these genes were up-regulated 2.93- to 6.13-fold and 2.77- to 7.88-fold, respectively. Under the stimulation of medium which has been used to culture pepper, the bacteriostatic diameter of P. polymyxa SC2 against Xanthomonas citri increased significantly. Concurrently, under the stimulation of P. polymyxa SC2, expression of transcription factor genes WRKY2 and WRKY40 in pepper was up-regulated 1.17-fold and 3.5-fold, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Through the interaction with pepper, the ability of P. polymyxa SC2 to inhibit pathogens was enhanced. P. polymyxa SC2 also induces systemic resistance in pepper by stimulating expression of corresponding transcription regulators. Furthermore, pepper has effects on chemotaxis and biofilm formation of P. polymyxa SC2. This study provides a basis for studying interactional mechanisms of P. polymyxa SC2 and pepper.
Topics: Capsicum; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Genes, Plant; Host Microbial Interactions; Paenibacillus polymyxa; Rhizosphere; Transcriptome
PubMed: 33663386
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02132-2