-
Biochemical Pharmacology Jun 2017The discovery of antibiotics heralded an era of improved health care. However, the over-prescription and misuse of antibiotics resulted in the development of resistant... (Review)
Review
The discovery of antibiotics heralded an era of improved health care. However, the over-prescription and misuse of antibiotics resulted in the development of resistant strains of various pathogens. Since then, there has been an incessant search for discovering novel compounds from bacteria at various locations with extreme conditions. The soil is one of the most explored locations for bioprospecting. In recent times, hypersaline environments and symbiotic associations have been investigated for novel antimicrobial compounds. Among the extreme environments, hot springs are comparatively less explored. Many researchers have reported the presence of microbial life and secretion of antimicrobial compounds by microorganisms in hot springs. A pioneering research in the corresponding author's laboratory resulted in the identification of the antibiotic Fusaricidin B isolated from a hot spring derived eubacteria, Paenibacillus polymyxa, which has been assigned a new application for its anti-tubercular properties. The corresponding author has also reported anti-MRSA and anti-VRE activity of 73 bacterial isolates from hot springs in India.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; Hot Springs; Humans
PubMed: 27890726
DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.11.021 -
Microbiological Research Sep 2023The bacteriophage phiBP contains a newly discovered putative replisome organizer, a helicase loader, and a beta clamp, which together may serve to replicate its DNA....
The bacteriophage phiBP contains a newly discovered putative replisome organizer, a helicase loader, and a beta clamp, which together may serve to replicate its DNA. Bioinformatics analysis of the phiBP replisome organizer sequence showed that it belongs to a recently identified family of putative initiator proteins. We prepared and isolated a wild type-like recombinant protein, gpRO-HC, and a mutant protein gpRO-HCK8A, containing a lysine to alanine substitution at position 8. gpRO-HC had low ATPase activity regardless of the presence of DNA, while the ATPase activity of the mutant was significantly higher. gpRO-HC bound to both single- and double-stranded DNA substrates. Different methods showed that gpRO-HC forms higher oligomers containing about 12 subunits. This work provides the first information about another group of phage initiator proteins, which trigger DNA replication in phages infecting low GC Gram-positive bacteria.
Topics: Paenibacillus polymyxa; DNA Replication; Bacteriophages; DNA; Adenosine Triphosphatases
PubMed: 37327604
DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127437 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2021are efficient producers of potent agents against bacterial and fungal pathogens, which are of great interest both for therapeutic applications in medicine as well as in...
are efficient producers of potent agents against bacterial and fungal pathogens, which are of great interest both for therapeutic applications in medicine as well as in agrobiotechnology. Lipopeptides produced by such organisms play a major role in their potential to inactivate pathogens. In this work we investigated two lipopeptide complexes, the fusaricidins and the polymyxins, produced by strains DSM 32871 and M1 by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The fusaricidins show potent antifungal activities and are distinguished by an unusual variability. For strain DSM 32871 we identified numerous yet unknown variants mass spectrometrically. DSM 32871 produces polymyxins of type E (colistins), while M1 forms polymyxins P. For both strains, novel but not yet completely characterized polymyxin species were detected, which possibly are glycosylated. These compounds may be of interest therapeutically, because polymyxins have gained increasing attention as last-resort antibiotics against multiresistant pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria. In addition, the volatilomes of DSM 32781 and M1 were investigated with a GC-MS approach using different cultivation media. Production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was strain and medium dependent. In particular, strain M1 manifested as an efficient VOC-producer that exhibited formation of 25 volatiles in total. A characteristic feature of is the formation of volatile pyrazine derivatives.
PubMed: 34832640
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111485 -
Journal of Bacteriology Sep 2012Paenibacillus polymyxa OSY-DF is a Gram-positive rod-shaped bacterium isolated from a fermented vegetable food. This bacterial strain displays potent antimicrobial...
Paenibacillus polymyxa OSY-DF is a Gram-positive rod-shaped bacterium isolated from a fermented vegetable food. This bacterial strain displays potent antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria, attributed to the production of the lantibiotic paenibacillin and the colistin peptide polymyxin E1. Here we report the draft genome sequence of Paenibacillus polymyxa OSY-DF.
Topics: Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; Bacteriocins; Base Sequence; Chromosome Mapping; Colistin; Genome, Bacterial; Molecular Sequence Data; Paenibacillus; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vegetables
PubMed: 22887654
DOI: 10.1128/JB.00846-12 -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2015Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum are the causing agents of a destructive disease known as Fusarium head blight (FHB). FHB is a re-emerging disease in small grain...
Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum are the causing agents of a destructive disease known as Fusarium head blight (FHB). FHB is a re-emerging disease in small grain cereals which impairs both the grain yield and the quality. Most serious consequence is the contamination of grain with Fusarium mycotoxins that are severe threat to humans and animals. Biological control has been suggested as one of the integrated management strategies to control FHB. Paenibacillus polymyxa is considered as a promising biocontrol agent due to its unique antibiotic spectrum. P. polymyxa A26 is an efficient antagonistic agent against Fusarium spp. In order to optimize strain A26 production, formulation and application strategies traits important for its compatibility need to be revealed. Here we developed a toolbox, comprising of dual culture plate assays and wheat kernel assays, including simultaneous monitoring of FHB causing pathogens, A26, and mycotoxin production. Using this system we show that, besides generally known lipopeptide antibiotic production by P. polymyxa, biofilm formation ability may play a crucial role in the case of stain A26 F. culmorum antagonism. Application of the system for effective strain selection and maintenance is discussed.
PubMed: 26074934
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00368 -
Microorganisms Mar 2023Polymyxin-producing bacteria within the complex have broad-spectrum activities against fungi and bacteria. Their antibacterial activities against soft rot and...
Polymyxin-producing bacteria within the complex have broad-spectrum activities against fungi and bacteria. Their antibacterial activities against soft rot and phytopathogens containing multiple polymyxin-resistant genes were not clear. Here, we selected nine strains within the complex having broad-spectrum antagonistic activities against phytopathogenic fungi and a polymyxin-resistant strain causing stem and root rot disease of sweet potato and did antagonistic assays on nutrient agar and sweet potato tuber slices. These strains within the complex showed clear antagonistic activities against in vitro and in vivo. The most effective antagonistic strain ShX301 showed broad-spectrum antagonistic activities against all the test and strains, completely eliminated from sweet potato seed tubers, and promoted the growth of sweet potato seedlings. Cell-free culture filtrate of ShX301 inhibited growth, swimming motility, and biofilm formation and disrupted plasma membranes, releasing nucleic acids and proteins. Multiple lipopeptides produced by ShX301 may play a major role in the bactericidal and bacteriostatic actions. This study clarifies that the antimicrobial spectrum of polymyxin-producing bacteria within the complex includes the polymyxin-resistant and phytopathogens and strengthens the fact that bacteria within the complex have high probability of being effective biocontrol agents and plant growth promoters.
PubMed: 37110240
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040817 -
Journal of Applied Microbiology Apr 2024In this work, we aimed to isolate marine bacteria that produce metabolites with antifungal properties.
AIMS
In this work, we aimed to isolate marine bacteria that produce metabolites with antifungal properties.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Paenibacillus polymyxa 188 was isolated from a marine sediment sample, and it showed excellent antifungal activity against many fungi pathogenic to plants (Fusarium tricinctum, Pestalotiopsis clavispora, Fusarium oxysporum, F. oxysporum f. sp. Cubense (Foc), Curvularia plantarum, and Talaromyces pinophilus) and to humans (Aspergillus terreus, Penicillium oxalicum, and Microsphaeropsis arundinis). The antifungal compounds produced by P. polymyxa 188 were extracted and analyzed using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The complete genome sequence and biosynthetic gene clusters of P. polymyxa 188 were characterized and compared with those of other strains. A total of 238 carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) were identified in P. polymyxa 188. Two antibiotic gene clusters, fusaricidin and tridecaptin, exist in P. polymyxa 188, which is different from other strains that typically have multiple antibiotic gene clusters.
CONCLUSIONS
Paenibacilluspolymyxa 188 was identified with numerous biosynthetic gene clusters, and its antifungal ability against pathogenic fungi was verified.
Topics: Humans; Paenibacillus polymyxa; Antifungal Agents; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Paenibacillus
PubMed: 38509027
DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae075 -
Journal of Food Protection Jul 2005Campylobacter spp. cause numerous foodborne diseases. Poultry is thought to be a significant source of this zoonosis. Although many interventions designed to control...
Campylobacter spp. cause numerous foodborne diseases. Poultry is thought to be a significant source of this zoonosis. Although many interventions designed to control this agent have been researched, none have succeeded. We evaluated a bacteriocin-based treatment to reduce Campylobacter jejuni colonization in poultry. A previously described purified bacteriocin (class IIa; molecular mass, 3,864 Da), secreted by Paenibacillus polymyxa NRRL-B-30509, was microencapsulated in polyvinylpyrrolidone, and 0.25 g of the purified bacteriocin was incorporated into 1 kg of chicken feed. One-day-old chickens were orally challenged and colonized with one of four isolates of C. jejuni, then reared in isolation facilities. Birds were provided ad libitum access to standard broiler starter feed and water for 7 days until 3 days before sampling, when only the treated groups of birds were provided the bacteriocin-emended feed described. In each of the eight (four by two replicates) trials, significant reductions in colonization by C. jejuni were observed (P < or = 0.05). As an example of this highly consistent data, in the first trial, 10 untreated 10-day-old chickens were colonized at a mean log 7.2 + 0.3 CFU/g of feces, whereas none of the 10 bacteriocin-treated 10-day-old chickens were colonized with detectable numbers of C. jejuni. Bacteriocin treatment dramatically reduced both intestinal levels and frequency of chicken colonization by C. jejuni. Feeding bacteriocins before poultry slaughter appears to provide control of C. jejuni to effectively reduce human exposure. This advance is directed toward on-farm control of pathogens, as opposed to the currently used chemical disinfection of contaminated carcasses.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Bacillus; Bacteriocins; Campylobacter Infections; Campylobacter jejuni; Chickens; Colony Count, Microbial; Poultry Diseases
PubMed: 16013385
DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-68.7.1450 -
Current Microbiology May 2013We examined the ability of several Paenibacillus polymyxa strains to colonize wheat roots and the ability of P. polymyxa exoglycans to induce root hair deformation. For...
We examined the ability of several Paenibacillus polymyxa strains to colonize wheat roots and the ability of P. polymyxa exoglycans to induce root hair deformation. For the first time, exopolysaccharides isolated from P. polymyxa were found to produce, with different intensities, various morphological changes in the root hairs of wheat seedlings, which are some of the earliest responses of plants to bacteria in the surrounding milieu. P. polymyxa 1465, giving the highest exopolysaccharide yield and the highest viscosity of aqueous exopolysaccharide solutions, was best able to colonize wheat seedling roots, and its exopolysaccharide proved to be the best in producing root hair deformation. It is suggested that P. polymyxa exoglycans have an active role in the establishment of plant-microbe associations.
Topics: Paenibacillus; Plant Diseases; Plant Roots; Polysaccharides; Seedlings; Symbiosis; Triticum
PubMed: 23314809
DOI: 10.1007/s00284-012-0297-y -
BMC Biotechnology Jul 2023One critical parameter in microbial cultivations is the composition of the cultivation medium. Nowadays, the application of chemically defined media increases, due to a...
BACKGROUND
One critical parameter in microbial cultivations is the composition of the cultivation medium. Nowadays, the application of chemically defined media increases, due to a more defined and reproducible fermentation performance than in complex media. In order, to improve cost-effectiveness of fermentation processes using chemically defined media, the media should not contain nutrients in large excess. Additionally, to obtain high product yields, the nutrient concentrations should not be limiting. Therefore, efficient medium optimization techniques are required which adapt medium compositions to the specific nutrient requirements of microorganisms.
RESULTS
Since most Paenibacillus cultivation protocols so far described in literature are based on complex ingredients, in this study, a chemically defined medium for an industrially relevant Paenibacillus polymyxa strain was developed. A recently reported method, which combines a systematic experimental procedure in combination with online monitoring of the respiration activity, was applied and extended to identify growth limitations for Paenibacillus polymyxa. All cultivations were performed in microtiter plates. By systematically increasing the concentrations of different nutrient groups, nicotinic acid was identified as a growth-limiting component. Additionally, an insufficient buffer capacity was observed. After optimizing the growth in the chemically defined medium, the medium components were systematically reduced to contain only nutrients relevant for growth. Vitamins were reduced to nicotinic acid and biotin, and amino acids to methionine, histidine, proline, arginine, and glutamate. Nucleobases/-sides could be completely left out of the medium. Finally, the cultivation in the reduced medium was reproduced in a laboratory fermenter.
CONCLUSION
In this study, a reliable and time-efficient high-throughput methodology was extended to investigate limitations in chemically defined media. The interpretation of online measured respiration activities agreed well with the growth performance of samples measured in parallel via offline analyses. Furthermore, the cultivation in microtiter plates was validated in a laboratory fermenter. The results underline the benefits of online monitoring of the respiration activity already in the early stages of process development, to avoid limitations of medium components, oxygen limitation and pH inhibition during the scale-up.
Topics: Paenibacillus polymyxa; Bioreactors; Fermentation; Paenibacillus; Culture Media; Nicotinic Acids
PubMed: 37507713
DOI: 10.1186/s12896-023-00793-7