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Pediatric Neurology Jul 2004The primitive reflexes and the postural reactions comprise one of the earliest, simplest, and most frequently used tools among child neurologists to assess the central... (Review)
Review
The primitive reflexes and the postural reactions comprise one of the earliest, simplest, and most frequently used tools among child neurologists to assess the central nervous system integrity of infants and young children. Infants with cerebral palsy have been known to manifest persistence or delay in the disappearance of primitive reflexes and pathologic or absent postural reactions. The clinical significance of asymmetric tonic neck reflex, Moro, palmar grasp, plantar grasp, Galant, Babinski, Rossolimo, crossed extensor, suprapubic extensor, and heel reflex, alone or in combination, as well as their contribution to the early diagnosis and differential diagnosis of cerebral palsy, have been demonstrated in a number of studies. Moreover, infants with 5 or more abnormal postural reactions have developed either cerebral palsy or developmental retardation as reported in a number of studies. Although a comprehensive neurologic examination in the context of a motor assessment instrument is preferable to an informal list of items, the combined examination of primitive reflexes and postural reactions should be considered by the child neurologist, as a simple but predictive screening test for the early identification of infants at risk for cerebral palsy. It is quick and easy to perform, both in nonhospital environments and in underdeveloped countries, where time and specific recourses are limited. The combined examination is also useful in developed countries because many developmental disorders such as cerebral palsy appear in nonrisk groups whereas others are not detected by metabolic screening programs.
Topics: Cerebral Palsy; Developmental Disabilities; Humans; Infant; Neurologic Examination; Posture; Reflex, Abnormal
PubMed: 15246484
DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2004.01.012 -
Biological Research For Nursing Jan 2023This study aimed to determine the effect of palmar grasp reflex stimulation during a neonatal bath on the physiological parameters and crying time of the newborn. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to determine the effect of palmar grasp reflex stimulation during a neonatal bath on the physiological parameters and crying time of the newborn.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
This study was designed as a parallel randomized clinical trial. Parents fully understood the study procedure at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Turkey ( = 82). Both written and verbal consent was obtained from the parents. Newborns who were ineligible for tub bathing were excluded from the study. The babies in the control group were given baths according to the tub bathing standards. Babies in the experimental group were given palmar grasp reflex stimulation during the baths. The variables examined included body temperature, respiratory rate, pulse, oxygen saturation levels, and crying time. In all analyses, 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant.
RESULTS
The heart rate of the experimental group was 5.2 beats per minute slower than the control group (χ2 = 12.272; 0.001). The respiratory rate of the experimental group was 1.3 lower per minute compared to the control group (χ2 = 43.219; 0.001). In addition, the oxygen saturation level (%) of the experimental group was 0.4 higher than the control group (χ2 = 5.793; 0.016). Crying time was higher in the control group during bathing ( 0.001).
CONCLUSION
The results showed that the palmar grasp reflex in newborn bathing helps to maintain the stability of physiological parameters and shortens the crying time of babies. Palmar grasp reflex stimulation is recommended in interventions that may cause stress.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Humans; Crying; Baths; Body Temperature; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; Reflex
PubMed: 35968725
DOI: 10.1177/10998004221113765 -
Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis Feb 2019Experts in infant health and development consider the rooting reflex a cue of a baby's hunger and recommend feeding the infant when this reflex occurs. However, the...
Experts in infant health and development consider the rooting reflex a cue of a baby's hunger and recommend feeding the infant when this reflex occurs. However, the relation between rooting and infant feeding status has not been well established in the literature. In the current study, seven parents documented the occurrence of their newborns' rooting, crying, and a control reflex (palmar grasp) before, after, and between naturally occurring feedings. For all participants, rooting occurred during a greater percentage of reflex checks prior to feedings, whereas the palmar grasp occurred during a similar percentage of checks across these time periods. These results provide empirical support for the rooting reflex as a feeding cue. However, data for only one dyad suggested a high probability of the rooting reflex occurring without crying during prefeeding checks. Thus, our data do not provide evidence that feeding in response to the rooting reflex would preempt infant crying.
Topics: Crying; Cues; Feeding Behavior; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant Behavior; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Infant, Newborn; Male; Reflex
PubMed: 30251406
DOI: 10.1002/jaba.512 -
Reumatismo 2004Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic condition characterized by persistent hyperglycaemia with resultant morbidity and mortality related to its microvascular and... (Review)
Review
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic condition characterized by persistent hyperglycaemia with resultant morbidity and mortality related to its microvascular and macrovascular complications. In addition diabetes is also associated with several musculoskeletal disorders of the hand, that can be debilitating. There is increased incidence of these abnormalities in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes compared with the general population, related to disease duration but not to the age or sex. Typical diabetes associated hand condition include the palmar flexor tenosynovitis, Dupuytren's contracture, syndrome of limited joint mobility, carpal tunnel syndrome, Charcot arthropathy and reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Maintaining good glycaemic control by exercise, diet and drugs improves or prevents the development of these hand rheumatic condition. In this brief report we review the rational therapeutic approach to these disorders.
Topics: Arthropathy, Neurogenic; Carpal Tunnel Syndrome; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetic Neuropathies; Dupuytren Contracture; Hand; Humans; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy; Tenosynovitis
PubMed: 15470518
DOI: 10.4081/reumatismo.2004.139 -
International Journal of Pediatrics 2012The plantar grasp reflex is of great clinical significance, especially in terms of the detection of spasticity. The palmar grasp reflex also has diagnostic significance....
The plantar grasp reflex is of great clinical significance, especially in terms of the detection of spasticity. The palmar grasp reflex also has diagnostic significance. This grasp reflex of the hands and feet is mediated by a spinal reflex mechanism, which appears to be under the regulatory control of nonprimary motor areas through the spinal interneurons. This reflex in human infants can be regarded as a rudiment of phylogenetic function. The absence of the Moro reflex during the neonatal period and early infancy is highly diagnostic, indicating a variety of compromised conditions. The center of the reflex is probably in the lower region of the pons to the medulla. The phylogenetic meaning of the reflex remains unclear. However, the hierarchical interrelation among these primitive reflexes seems to be essential for the arboreal life of monkey newborns, and the possible role of the Moro reflex in these newborns was discussed in relation to the interrelationship.
PubMed: 22778756
DOI: 10.1155/2012/191562 -
Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic... Apr 2011The main objective of this study was to determine if there are variations in the level of improvement of the palmar and plantar hyperhidrotic symptoms, as well as the...
The main objective of this study was to determine if there are variations in the level of improvement of the palmar and plantar hyperhidrotic symptoms, as well as the incidence and intensity of the sudomotor reflex, throughout the seasons of the year, after thoracic sympathectomy for hyperhidrosis. The study also looks for the real impact of these variables in the long-term satisfaction. A cohort of 75 patients was followed through distinct seasons. A multivariate analysis was performed to identify possible variables responsible for dissatisfaction. Both the palmar (P=0.002) and plantar (P<0.001) symptoms and the presence and the intensity of the sudomotor reflex varies significantly throughout the seasons of the year. The sudomotor reflex was the main factor associated with low satisfaction in our patients in the summer (P=0.025) and winter (P<0.001) but in spring the lack of improvement in the hyperhidrosis in the foot was the unique factor related to dissatisfaction (P<0.001). The sudomotor reflex is the main negative factor in the summer and in the winter, independent of its intensity. However, at least in spring, the lack of removal of the plantar symptoms had a negative impact on satisfaction.
Topics: Brazil; Chi-Square Distribution; Foot; Hand; Humans; Hyperhidrosis; Patient Satisfaction; Prospective Studies; Quality of Life; Reflex; Seasons; Surveys and Questionnaires; Sweating; Sympathectomy; Thoracic Vertebrae; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 21172946
DOI: 10.1510/icvts.2010.245720 -
Orthopedics Dec 1992
Review
Topics: Fasciitis; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Osteoarthritis; Paraneoplastic Syndromes; Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
PubMed: 1461830
DOI: 10.3928/0147-7447-19921201-11 -
Hand Clinics May 2002Complications of operative carpal tunnel release continue to occur in the clinical practice of hand surgery. Anatomic localization of nerve injury has been reviewed in... (Review)
Review
Complications of operative carpal tunnel release continue to occur in the clinical practice of hand surgery. Anatomic localization of nerve injury has been reviewed in the area of the palmar cutaneous nerve, the median motor branch, and in the combined sensory/motor median nerve itself. Diagnosis and appropriate treatment plans have been reviewed to facilitate early appropriate treatment which usually diminishes disability. General complications have also been discussed including recurrent scar formation which is probably the most commonly encountered complication following carpal tunnel release. Possible neurovascular complications involving the development of reflex sympathetic dystrophy have received some attention in this presentation in order to alert the clinical surgeon to the possibility of this entity providing further disability to an already injured median nerve.
Topics: Brachial Plexus Neuropathies; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; Carpal Tunnel Syndrome; Endoscopy; Humans; Median Nerve; Nervous System Physiological Phenomena; Peripheral Nerve Injuries; Peripheral Nerves; Postoperative Complications; Surgical Procedures, Operative
PubMed: 12371038
DOI: 10.1016/s0749-0712(01)00013-0 -
Heart Rhythm Aug 2020Bilateral cardiac sympathetic denervation (BCSD) is an effective therapy for ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) in cardiomyopathies (CMPs). After BCSD, residual autonomic...
BACKGROUND
Bilateral cardiac sympathetic denervation (BCSD) is an effective therapy for ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) in cardiomyopathies (CMPs). After BCSD, residual autonomic nervous system (ANS) function is unknown.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to assess ANS responses in patients with CMP before and after BCSD as compared with demographically matched healthy controls.
METHODS
Patients with CMP undergoing BCSD and matched healthy controls were recruited. Noninvasive measures-finger cuff beat-to-beat blood pressure (BP), electrocardiography, palmar electrodermal activity (EDA), and finger pulse volume (FPV)-were obtained at rest and during autonomic stressors-posture change, handgrip, and mental stress. Maximal as well as specific responses to stressors were compared.
RESULTS
Eighteen patients with CMP (mean age 54 ± 14 years; 16 men, 89%; left ventricular ejection fraction 36% ± 14%) with refractory VAs and 8 matched healthy controls were studied; 9 patients with CMP underwent testing before and after (median 28 days) BCSD, with comparable ongoing medication. Before BCSD, patients with CMP (n = 13) had lower resting systolic BP and FPV than did healthy controls (P < .01). Maximal FPV and systolic BP reflex responses, expressed as percent change were similar, while diastolic BP, mean BP, and EDA responses were blunted. After BCSD, resting measurements were unchanged relative to presurgical baseline (n = 9). EDA responses to stressors were abolished, confirming BCSD, while maximal FPV and BP responses were preserved. Diastolic BP, mean BP, and FPV responses to orthostatic challenge pointed toward a better tolerance of active standing after BCSD as compared with before. Responses to other stressors remained unchanged.
CONCLUSION
Patients with CMP and refractory VAs on optimal medical therapy have detectable but blunted adrenergic responses, which are not disrupted by BCSD.
Topics: Autonomic Nervous System; Blood Pressure; Electrocardiography; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Reflex; Retrospective Studies; Sympathectomy; Tachycardia, Ventricular; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 32325196
DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2020.04.022