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Autonomic & Autacoid Pharmacology Jul 2016Objective assessment of the effect of botulinum toxin A (BT) treatment in primary palmar hyperhidrosis (PH) is attempted by different methods. We decided to use for this...
Objective assessment of the effect of botulinum toxin A (BT) treatment in primary palmar hyperhidrosis (PH) is attempted by different methods. We decided to use for this purpose sympathetic skin responses evoked by train of stimuli (TSSR). Twenty patients with severe PH (five female, median age 24, range 18-36) were examined regularly over 3 months after receiving 50 UI BT in each palm. TSSR were recorded from the palms after sensory stimulation by a train of three supramaximal electric pulses 3 millisecond apart. Results were compared to longitudinally studied TSSR of 20 healthy sex- and age-matched control subjects. All hyperhidrosis patients reported excellent improvement. TSSR amplitudes decreased at week 1 (mean 54% range 48%-67%) and over the following months in a clinically significant trend (slope R=-.82, P<.0001). TSSR in controls changed insignificantly (±13% from the baseline). The difference between patients and controls was highly significant at any time point (P<.001). This study suggests that TSSR may help in assessment of treatments in PH. It confirms objectively the efficacy of BT in PH.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Botulinum Toxins, Type A; Electromyography; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory; Female; Galvanic Skin Response; Humans; Hyperhidrosis; Injections, Intradermal; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Neuromuscular Agents; Sympathetic Nervous System; Young Adult
PubMed: 27878939
DOI: 10.1111/aap.12050 -
Surgery Jun 2008Most surgeons still perform T2 or T2-3 sympathectomy for palmar hyperhidrosis (PH), but both of these treatments can cause severe side effects. Some recent articles... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Most surgeons still perform T2 or T2-3 sympathectomy for palmar hyperhidrosis (PH), but both of these treatments can cause severe side effects. Some recent articles advocating T4 sympathectomy have obtained satisfactory results. The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of 3 different levels of sympathectomy. Between July 2003 and July 2006, we treated 60 patients (20 men and 40 women, mean age 26 years) who suffer from palmar hyperhidrosis by endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy (ETS). Patients were divided into 3 groups according to the level of sympathectomy: ETS2, ETS3, and ETS4 (20 patients in each group). Data were collected by review of medical charts, outpatient clinic notes, and telephone interviews. Patients were asked whether they considered their symptoms to be "cured" or "unchanged." The degree of hand dryness was assessed subjectively. Postoperative complications (wound infection, chest pain, and Horner's syndrome) were assessed. Any occurrence of gustatory sweating, rhinitis, presence and region of reflex compensatory sweating, and recurrence was noted. Patient satisfaction was assessed. Treatment success at follow-up was 90% for the ETS2, 95% for ETS3 patients, and 100% for the ETS4 patients. In the ETS2 and ETS3 groups, a higher rate of overdryness of limbs was observed (35% and 20%, respectively). The compensatory sweating was mild in the ETS4 group, whereas moderate-to-severe reflex sweating was more common in the ETS2 and ETS3 groups. About 40% of ETS2 groups and 25% of ETS3 group patients were unsatisfied with their operation. All patients of the ETS4 group were satisfied with the outcome. In conclusion, ETS4 sympathectomy is an effective method for treating PH and it decreases the rate of compensatory hydrosis (CH).
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Chest Pain; Endoscopy; Female; Ganglia, Spinal; Hand; Horner Syndrome; Humans; Hyperhidrosis; Male; Patient Satisfaction; Postoperative Complications; Prospective Studies; Secondary Prevention; Severity of Illness Index; Surgical Wound Infection; Sympathectomy; Thoracic Vertebrae; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 18549895
DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2008.01.007 -
Arquivos de Neuro-psiquiatria Jun 2005A non-controlled, prognostic cohort study was performed with the aim of establishing markers of neurological development and defining a clinical and epidemiological...
UNLABELLED
A non-controlled, prognostic cohort study was performed with the aim of establishing markers of neurological development and defining a clinical and epidemiological profile of preterm newborns at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of gestation-corrected age in terms of primitive reflexes evolution.
RESULTS
At 3 months old of corrected age, all primitive reflexes were present. At 6 months old, all children showed plantar grasp and 2.7% still showed Moro and palmar grasp. Plantar grasp was the unique primitive reflex found at 9 and 12 months of corrected age.
CONCLUSION
It was possible to evaluate the occurence, as well as the disappearing of primitive reflexes in preterm newborns. The results show delay in the disappearing of primitive reflexes even with the use of corrected age.
Topics: Child Development; Cohort Studies; Confidence Intervals; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Neurologic Examination; Reflex
PubMed: 16100977
DOI: 10.1590/s0004-282x2005000200017 -
Critical Care (London, England) Mar 2013Many intensive care unit (ICU) patients describe pain and other adverse feelings that may impact long-term psychological morbidity. Sympathetically mediated palmar skin... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
INTRODUCTION
Many intensive care unit (ICU) patients describe pain and other adverse feelings that may impact long-term psychological morbidity. Sympathetically mediated palmar skin conductance variability is related to emotionally induced perspiration and correlates with pain levels in the perioperative setting but has not been studied in ICU patients.
METHODS
Twenty non-intubated and 20 intubated general ICU patients were included in this observational study. Patients were monitored with the MED-STORM Pain Monitoring System®. The number of skin conductance fluctuations per second (NSCF) was measured in parallel with bedside observation during one hour of intensive care, including rest, procedures and patient-staff interactions. Arousal-agitation level was monitored with the motor activity assessment scale (MAAS). Pain was monitored with the numeric rating scale (0 to 10) in patients able to communicate or by observation in patients unable to communicate.
RESULTS
In non-intubated patients, NSCF increased with increasing stimulation/pain but also with higher MAAS (P=0.002). An interaction effect was found, with increased NSCF response to stimulation/pain with increasing MAAS (P<0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
In critically ill patients, NSCF may be more useful evaluating emotional distress rather than pain alone. It needs to be assessed whether NSCF monitoring is clinically useful and whether controlling emotional distress with the aid of such monitoring may impact on patient care and outcomes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Electric Stimulation; Female; Galvanic Skin Response; Humans; Intensive Care Units; Male; Middle Aged; Motor Activity; Pain; Pain Measurement; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 23510014
DOI: 10.1186/cc12571 -
Biological Psychology Feb 2000In the context of our investigation on palmar sweating and hyperhidrosis we subjected 40 individuals (20 hyperhidrotic and 20 normal) to noise stimulation. The...
In the context of our investigation on palmar sweating and hyperhidrosis we subjected 40 individuals (20 hyperhidrotic and 20 normal) to noise stimulation. The participants received ten startling auditory tones (square pulse of 400 ms duration, 1000 Hz frequency and 105-dB intensity) at random intervals varying from 15-55 s. Hyperhidrotic subjects, relative to controls, responded with greater amplitude and habituated later, but a subset of these subjects failed to respond at all to the tone. In this report, we focus on the finding that some hyperhidrotics were nonresponders. We discuss the consequences of this finding, both its implication for understanding hyperhidrosis and nonresponsiveness, as well as the complexity of sympathetic nervous system activation.
Topics: Acoustic Stimulation; Adult; Arousal; Female; Galvanic Skin Response; Habituation, Psychophysiologic; Humans; Hyperhidrosis; Male; Reflex, Startle; Sweating; Sympathetic Nervous System
PubMed: 10686374
DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0511(99)00020-4 -
Nutritional Neuroscience Feb 2019The main goal of the present study was to investigate the effects of two maternal high-fat diets with different energy densities on the somatic growth, reflex ontogeny,...
The main goal of the present study was to investigate the effects of two maternal high-fat diets with different energy densities on the somatic growth, reflex ontogeny, and locomotor activity of offspring. Twenty-nine female Wistar rats (220-250 g) were mated and grouped into three different dietary conditions: control ( = 11, AIN-93G diet, 3.6 kcal/g), high-fat/high-caloric (HH, = 9, 51% of the calories from fat, 4.62 kcal/g), and high-fat/isocaloric (HI, = 9, 51% of the calories from fat, 3.64 kcal/g). The fat source was mainly lard. The dietary groups were maintained during gestation and lactation. From postnatal day 1 (PND1) until weaning, the somatic growth, maturation of physical features, and reflex ontogeny of the male pups were evaluated. The locomotor activity was evaluated in an open field at PND8, PND14, PND17, PND21, PND30, PND45, and PND60. HH dams had a lower food intake but no difference in caloric intake or body weight gain. The HH pups had higher body weights, greater tail and body lengths, and an increased axis of the head at weaning. The prediction of ear unfolding, delayed palmar grasp, and cliff avoidance maturation were also observed in the HH offspring. At PND60, the HH pups showed an increased average speed as well as an average potency and kinetic energy in the open field. A high-fat/high-caloric maternal diet increases somatic growth, predicts the maturation of physical features, and delays reflex ontogeny during lactation, and it enhances motor performance during late adolescence. A maternal HI diet does not elicit the same influences on offspring development compared with the HH diet.
Topics: Animals; Diet, High-Fat; Female; Lactation; Locomotion; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Rats, Wistar; Reflex; Weight Gain
PubMed: 28750597
DOI: 10.1080/1028415X.2017.1354958 -
Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia May 2015To elicit and evaluate the NWR (nociceptive withdrawal reflex) in 2 and 11 day old foals, to investigate if buprenorphine causes antinociception and determine if the NWR...
OBJECTIVE
To elicit and evaluate the NWR (nociceptive withdrawal reflex) in 2 and 11 day old foals, to investigate if buprenorphine causes antinociception and determine if the NWR response changes with increasing age. The effect of buprenorphine on behaviour was also evaluated.
STUDY DESIGN
Prospective, experimental cross-over trial.
ANIMALS
Nine Norwegian Fjord research foals.
METHODS
Buprenorphine, 10 μg kg(-1) was administered intramuscularly (IM) to the same foal at 2 days and at 11 days of age. The NWR and the effect of buprenorphine were evaluated by electromyograms recorded from the left deltoid muscle following electrical stimulation of the left lateral palmar nerve at the level of the pastern. Mentation, locomotor activity and respiratory rate were recorded before and after buprenorphine administration.
RESULTS
We were able to evoke the NWR and temporal summation in foals using this model. Buprenorphine decreased the root mean square amplitude following single electrical stimulation (p < 0.001) in both age groups, and increased the NWR threshold following single electrical stimulation in 2 day old foals (p = 0.0012). Repeated electrical stimulation at 2 Hz was more effective to elicit temporal summation compared to 5 Hz (p < 0.001). No effect of age upon the NWR threshold was found (p = 0.34). Sedation when left undisturbed (11 occasions), increased locomotor activity when handled (9 occasions) and tachypnea (13 occasions) were common side-effects of buprenorphine.
CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
These findings indicate that buprenorphine has antinociceptive effect in foals. Opioid side effects often recognized in adult horses also occur in foals.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Buprenorphine; Cross-Over Studies; Horses; Nociception; Pain Measurement; Reflex
PubMed: 25041444
DOI: 10.1111/vaa.12205 -
Journal of the Autonomic Nervous System Feb 1996Sympathetic reflex responses were elicited in human volunteers by sustained selective excitation of nociceptors by noxious chemicals, namely topical application of...
Sympathetic reflex responses were elicited in human volunteers by sustained selective excitation of nociceptors by noxious chemicals, namely topical application of mustard oil which elicited burning pain, or histamine which induced itching in a skin area of 5 cm2 on the volar aspect of one forearm. Stimulus-related sympathetic reflex responses were studied by means of computer-assisted infrared thermography of the palmar aspects of both hands. Nociceptive stimulation induced a decrease of skin surface temperature in both hands interpreted as vasoconstriction. The magnitude of the reflex cooling was correlated with the magnitude of the sensation (r = 0.49), but independent of the quality of sensation (itch or pain). The temperature reduction was maintained for more than 30 min and its time-course matched the time-courses of pain or itch sensations. It is concluded that the sustained and selective excitation of nociceptors elicits a sustained sympathetic reflex response, which adapts very slowly. The time-course of the reflexes suggests that these are not arousal responses, but may be indicators of nociceptive processing in conscious humans. Contralateral temperature decreases were consistently smaller than ipsilateral ones. Thus, sustained nociceptive-specific vasoconstrictor reflexes may be somatotopically organised with an emphasis on areas close to the painful stimulus (homotopic), which has so far only been shown in animals. The study thus demonstrates for the first time in humans the presence of a sympathetic reflex asymmetry, which is specific for nociceptive afferent input.
Topics: Adult; Afferent Pathways; Female; Histamine; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mustard Plant; Pain; Pain Measurement; Plant Extracts; Plant Oils; Reflex; Sympathetic Nervous System; Time Factors
PubMed: 8867087
DOI: 10.1016/0165-1838(95)00077-1 -
Neurotoxicology and Teratology 2014Fipronil (FPN) is a phenylpyrazole insecticide used in veterinary services and agriculture, and it is of considerable concern to public health. It inhibits the chloride...
Fipronil (FPN) is a phenylpyrazole insecticide used in veterinary services and agriculture, and it is of considerable concern to public health. It inhibits the chloride channels associated with gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) receptors in mammals and also inhibits the chloride channels associated with GABA and glutamate (Glu) receptors in insects. In this study, a commercial product containing fipronil was orally administered to pregnant Wistar rats at dose levels of 0.1, 1.0, or 10.0mg/kg/day from the sixth to twentieth day of gestation (n=10 pregnant rats/group). Its toxicity was evaluated based on maternal toxicity, reproductive quality, maternal behavior, and offspring physical as well as reflex development. All parameters observed in the observed offspring were assigned to one ink-marked couple in each litter (n=20 animals/group - 10 males and 10 females). The offspring couple represented the litter. Slight maternal toxicity presented during the second week of gestation for each fipronil dose and during the third gestational week at the highest dose due to lower chow intake. However, no effects were observed for gestational weight gain or gestation time, and the reproductive quality was not impaired, which suggests no adverse maternal effects from the doses during pregnancy. Moreover, the lowest fipronil dose compromised the active and reflexive maternal responses, but the highest dose induced a stereotyped active response without interfering in the reflexive reaction. For offspring development, no differences in physical growth parameters were observed between the groups. However, considering reflex development, our results showed that negative geotaxis reflex development was delayed in the offspring at the lowest fipronil dose, and palmar grasp was lost earlier at the lowest and intermediate fipronil doses. These results suggest that the alterations observed herein may be due to either the GABAergic system or endocrine disruption, considering that fipronil also acts as an endocrine disruptor.
Topics: Animals; Female; Growth; Insecticides; Male; Maternal Behavior; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Pyrazoles; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reflex
PubMed: 24978116
DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2014.05.010 -
Vestnik Dermatologii I Venerologii Feb 1965
Topics: Biomedical Research; Body Temperature Regulation; Foot; Foot Diseases; Hand; Hand Dermatoses; Reflex; Tinea
PubMed: 14268167
DOI: No ID Found