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International Journal of... Dec 2014We present the first quantitative characterization of electrodermal activity (EDA) patterns on the wrists of healthy adults during sleep using dry electrodes. We compare...
We present the first quantitative characterization of electrodermal activity (EDA) patterns on the wrists of healthy adults during sleep using dry electrodes. We compare the new results on the wrist to the prior findings on palmar or finger EDA by characterizing data measured from 80 nights of sleep consisting of 9 nights of wrist and palm EDA from 9 healthy adults sleeping at home, 56 nights of wrist and palm EDA from one healthy adult sleeping at home, and 15 nights of wrist EDA from 15 healthy adults in a sleep laboratory, with the latter compared to concurrent polysomnography. While high frequency patterns of EDA called "storms" were identified by eye in the 1960s, we systematically compare thresholds for automatically detecting EDA peaks and establish criteria for EDA storms. We found that more than 80% of the EDA peaks occurred in non-REM sleep, specifically during slow-wave sleep (SWS) and non-REM stage 2 sleep (NREM2). Also, EDA amplitude is higher in SWS than in other sleep stages. Longer EDA storms were more likely to occur in the first two quarters of sleep and during SWS and NREM2. We also found from the home studies (65 nights) that EDA levels were higher and the skin conductance peaks were larger and more frequent when measured on the wrist than when measured on the palm. These EDA high frequency peaks and high amplitude were sometimes associated with higher skin temperature, but more work is needed looking at neurological and other EDA elicitors in order to elucidate their complete behavior.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Female; Galvanic Skin Response; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Microelectrodes; Polysomnography; Sleep Stages; Wireless Technology; Wrist; Young Adult
PubMed: 25286449
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.09.011 -
Schweizerische Rundschau Fur Medizin... Mar 1993The main reasons for the importance of physiotherapy in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis are the biomechanical and neurophysiological factors, influencing not only... (Review)
Review
The main reasons for the importance of physiotherapy in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis are the biomechanical and neurophysiological factors, influencing not only joint function but also trophism. The dependence of the mechanical-structural differentiation of all parts of the joint from the regular practical usage, which is clinically obvious and can be pathophysiologically explained, enables us to use successfully all types of functional therapies. The treatment principle of calisthenics and ergotherapy must always again be derived from the therapy-relevant principles of joint physiology: the requirement of normal joint sensory; physiological instability; continuous activity for nutrition and structural differentiation; taking into consideration receptor sensitization during arthralgia; therapeutic usage of regeneration potency within its limits; and to avoid the unphysiological of an arthritis. The sketchy presentation of the hand's biomechanic lets us recognize easily the generation and prophylactics of the most important deformities: the so-called zig-zag deformities--button hole, swan neck, scoliosis of the hand, the subluxation, particularly those towards palmar, and the radial deviation of the carpus. In praxis we are searching for stabile joint positions, and we try to avoid lax joint positions to transmit force; also we are looking for early recognition of subluxations resp. deformities to train the joints, to fight reflex-dystrophic after-pain, the usage of orthotic devices, and finally treatment resp. prophylactics of contractures. Also part of physiotherapy are supporting and accompanying passive physiotherapeutic measures, therapeutic sport and handling of chronic states of pain. The sense and importance of all three supporting each other therapeutic concepts, will also be pointed out.
Topics: Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Biomechanical Phenomena; Hand; Humans; Joints; Occupational Therapy; Pain; Physical Therapy Modalities; Range of Motion, Articular
PubMed: 8475349
DOI: No ID Found -
Revista de Neurologia Oct 2011Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common of all focal neuropathies. Its diagnosis is based on a neurophysiological study of the thick motor and sensory fibres in...
INTRODUCTION
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common of all focal neuropathies. Its diagnosis is based on a neurophysiological study of the thick motor and sensory fibres in patients with a characteristic clinical picture, although sometimes, in mild cases, this study does not detect the abnormalities. The decision was made to evaluate the small-calibre sympathetic fibres by means of cutaneous-plantar reflex (CPR) in patients with different degrees of idiopathic CTS.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
The study involved 54 cases -15 males and 39 females with CTS- and 15 healthy volunteer controls. The cases were divided into three groups: those with only positive clinical features; those with clinical features and alteration of sensory conduction; and those with clinical features, alteration of sensory and motor conduction, and axonal loss. The CPR was obtained by means of the usual technique (which we modified), involving stimulation of the median nerve in the wrist and recording the response in the contralateral hand. Two successive responses were processed with an interval of more than one minute between them. Special attention was paid to controlling the baseline and sweating. A descriptive statistical inference and correlation analysis was performed.
RESULTS
A decrease in amplitude of the response was observed in patients with CTS, with shorter latencies in women and a good correlation between the latencies of the first and the second response. No significant differences were observed in the other parameters that were studied.
CONCLUSION
Studying the CPR can provide complementary data in the evaluation of CTS.
Topics: Adult; Carpal Tunnel Syndrome; Female; Humans; Male; Median Nerve; Middle Aged; Neural Conduction; Reflex; Reflex, Abnormal; Young Adult
PubMed: 21960386
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Neurosurgery May 1998The goal of this paper is to present a critical review of the endoscopic procedures currently in use for the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome. Endoscopic techniques... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Meta-Analysis
OBJECT
The goal of this paper is to present a critical review of the endoscopic procedures currently in use for the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome. Endoscopic techniques and outcomes are discussed.
METHODS
An extensive review of published articles on the subject of endoscopic carpal tunnel release surgery is presented, encompassing six endoscopic techniques used to treat carpal tunnel syndrome. Since the first report in 1987, 7091 patients have undergone 8068 operations. The overall success rate has been 96.52%, with a complication rate of 2.67% and a failure rate of 2.61%. The mean time to return to work in patients not receiving Workers' Compensation was 17.8 days, ranging between 10.8 and 22.3 days. The most common complications were transient paresthesias of the ulnar and median nerves. Other complications included superficial palmar arch injuries, reflex sympathetic dystrophy, flexor tendon lacerations, and incomplete transverse carpal ligament division. In many studies in which open and endoscopic techniques were compared, it was reported that patients in the the latter group experienced significantly less pain and returned to work and activities of daily living earlier.
CONCLUSIONS
Success and complication rates of endoscopic carpal tunnel release surgery are similar to those for standard open procedures.
Topics: Absenteeism; Activities of Daily Living; Carpal Tunnel Syndrome; Employment; Endoscopy; Hand Injuries; Humans; Intraoperative Complications; Ligaments, Articular; Median Nerve; Pain, Postoperative; Paresthesia; Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy; Tendon Injuries; Time Factors; Treatment Failure; Treatment Outcome; Ulnar Nerve; Workers' Compensation
PubMed: 9576248
DOI: 10.3171/jns.1998.88.5.0817 -
Pediatria de Las Americas May 1951
Topics: Child; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Neurotic Disorders; Pressure; Reflex
PubMed: 14875353
DOI: No ID Found -
Frontiers in Neurology 2018Finger-thumb coordination is crucial to manual dexterity but remains incompletely understood, particularly following neurological injury such as stroke. While being...
Finger-thumb coordination is crucial to manual dexterity but remains incompletely understood, particularly following neurological injury such as stroke. While being controlled independently, the index finger and thumb especially must work in concert to perform a variety of tasks requiring lateral or palmar pinch. The impact of stroke on this functionally critical sensorimotor control during dynamic tasks has been largely unexplored. In this study, we explored finger-thumb coupling during close-open pinching motions in stroke survivors with chronic hemiparesis. Two types of perturbations were applied randomly to the index with a novel Cable-Actuated Finger Exoskeleton: a sudden joint acceleration stretching muscle groups of the index finger and a sudden increase in impedance in selected index finger joint(s). Electromyographic signals for specific thumb and index finger muscles, thumb tip trajectory, and index finger joint angles were recorded during each trial. Joint angle perturbations invoked reflex responses in the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS), first dorsal interossei (FDI), and extensor digitorum communis muscles of the index finger and heteronymous reflex responses in flexor pollicis brevis of the thumb ( < 0.017). Phase of movement played a role as a faster peak reflex response was observed in FDI during opening than during closing ( < 0.002) and direction of perturbations resulted in shorter reflex times for FDS and FDI ( < 0.012) for extension perturbations. Surprisingly, when index finger joint impedance was suddenly increased, thumb tip movement was substantially increased, from 2 to 10 cm ( < 0.001). A greater effect was seen during the opening phase ( < 0.044). Thus, involuntary finger-thumb coupling was present during dynamic movement, with perturbation of the index finger impacting thumb activity. The degree of coupling modulated with the phase of motion. These findings reveal a potential mechanism for direct intervention to improve poststroke hand mobility and provide insight on prospective neurologically oriented therapies.
PubMed: 29545767
DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00084 -
Romanian Journal of Morphology and... 2012Gheorghe Marinescu (Georges Marinesco, in French) is a Romanian physician, founder of the School of Neurology in that country. He begins his medical studies in...
Gheorghe Marinescu (Georges Marinesco, in French) is a Romanian physician, founder of the School of Neurology in that country. He begins his medical studies in Bucharest, then has the opportunity to reach Paris and join the School of Neurology in La Salpêtrière Hospital, lead by Jean-Martin Charcot. This trip will forever imprint the mind of Marinescu, a great friend of France, a respectful student of Charcot and a friendly colleague of many Parisian neurologists. Marinescu's works are multiple and very important. He describes the succulent hand in syringomyelia and the palmar-jaw reflex. Marinescu is also one of the first to use the cinema for medical purposes. His work as an anatomo-clinician, a method developed by Charcot, is important. We denote the description of the locus niger affected by tuberculosis in a case of parkinsonism (this description paving Etienne Brissaud's way to highlight the anatomical origin of Parkinson's disease), the original clinical description of Marinesco-Sjögren syndrome, and that of medullomyoblastoma. Marinescu is also a famous neurocytologist as evidenced by his work, La Cellule Nerveuse, published in 1909. The first volume of the book is devoted to the aspects of the normal nervous tissue: the neurofibrillar network, the chromatophilic elements, and the paranucleolar corpuscles (now known as Marinescu's bodies). The second volume of the book is almost related to features revealed by experimental lesions: chromatolysis and neuronophagia. Furthermore, Marinescu describes with Oscar Blocq, small nodules than are now regarded as the first description of senile plaques.
Topics: History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; Humans; Neurology; Romania
PubMed: 23303009
DOI: No ID Found -
Autonomic Neuroscience : Basic &... Feb 2003We examined the effects of repetitive mental stimulation such as arithmetic calculations with sequential subtraction or physical tasks such as handgrip exercise and deep...
We examined the effects of repetitive mental stimulation such as arithmetic calculations with sequential subtraction or physical tasks such as handgrip exercise and deep breathing on active palmar sweating responses in humans. Thirty-three healthy, male and female volunteer students (20.4+/-2.1 years) participated in the present study. The responses of active palmar sweating were evaluated by using the newly developed ratemeter. The galvanic skin response (GSR) was also recorded in 10 out of 33 subjects. The oral explanation of the stimulation or tasks caused a rapid and wavy active palmar sweating response. The pre-operational responses of active palmar sweating to the stimulation or tasks were also observed by the GSR recording. The mental stimulation- and physical tasks-mediated pre-operational responses were significantly reduced by the trials. The mental stimulation or physical tasks also caused a rapid and oscillatory response of active palmar sweating during operation of the stimulation or tasks. The operation-mediated responses to physical tasks were observed ipsilaterally and contralaterally. The physical task-mediated responses were also reproducible, resulting in no habituation. In contrast, the operation-mediated responses to mental stimulation were reduced significantly by the trials, resulting in a marked habituation. The findings suggest that the mental stimulation- and physical tasks-mediated pre-operational responses of active palmar sweating obtained by using the newly developed ratemeter will make useful tests for evaluating neuronal activity of limbic system including amygdala, sympathetic sudomotor activity in the palmar skin and functional properties of the palmar sweat glands.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Cognition; Female; Galvanic Skin Response; Hand; Hand Strength; Humans; Male; Respiratory Mechanics; Sweating
PubMed: 12559204
DOI: 10.1016/s1566-0702(02)00264-3 -
Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica Jul 2005The number of fluctuations in the skin conductance per s (NFSC) as a measure of the sympathetic nervous system may be a tool for monitoring physiological stress during... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Comparative Study Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
The number of fluctuations in the skin conductance per s (NFSC) as a measure of the sympathetic nervous system may be a tool for monitoring physiological stress during surgery and general anaesthesia. The purpose of this study was to find the sensitivity and specificity of the NFSC when compared to a peroperative clinical stress score. Moreover, different patterns of skin conductance responses were compared with the BIS score to find out if the mean level of skin conductance (SC) and NFSC monitoring could differentiate between awakening and noxious stimuli.
METHODS
Fourteen patients were studied during stressful or non-stressful registration periods. During each registration period, the NFSC was compared to a five-point clinical stress score (CSS) (systolic blood pressure >130 mmHg, cough, tears, EMG in the forehead >50 or movements) and BIS score.
RESULTS
The NFSC and the CSS both indicated physiological stress at 12 registrations and no stress at 186 registrations. The NFSC indicated physiological stress without signs of clinical stress (CSS = 0) in 28 registrations, whereas signs of clinical stress (CSS > 0) were indicated on two occasions without signs of stress in the NFSC. The sensitivity of the NFSC when compared to the CSS was 86% and the specificity was 86%. Moreover, in all situations (n = 16) where NFSC indicated stress and the BIS score >50, the SC increased. This was different from situations (n = 13) where NFSC indicated stress and the BIS score <50, then the SC did not increase (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
The NFSC is sensitive to clinical stress during surgical stimulation. Moreover, the combined use of SC and NFSC may have a potential to differentiate between situations of stress due to inadequate hypnotic effect vs. inadequate analgesic effect.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anesthesia, General; Arousal; Blood Pressure; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic; Cough; Electroencephalography; Electromyography; Female; Galvanic Skin Response; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Monitoring, Intraoperative; Physical Stimulation; Prospective Studies; Stress, Physiological; Tears; Wakefulness
PubMed: 15954962
DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2005.00665.x -
Proceedings of the Royal Society of... 1923
PubMed: 19983101
DOI: No ID Found