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Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za... Mar 2022To review the definition and possible etiologies for C palsy. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To review the definition and possible etiologies for C palsy.
METHODS
The literature on C palsy at home and abroad in recent years was extensively reviewed, and the possible etiologies were analyzed based on clinical practice experience.
RESULTS
There are two main theories (nerve root tether and spinal cord injury) accounting for the occurrence of C palsy, but both have certain limitations. The former can not explain the occurrence of C palsy after anterior cervical spine surgery, and the latter can not explain that the clinical symptoms of C palsy is often the motor dysfunction of the upper limb muscles. Based on the previous reports, combining our clinical experience and research, we propose that the occurrence of C palsy is mainly due to the instrumental injury of anterior horn of cervical spinal cord during anterior cervical decompression. In addition, the C palsy following surgery via posterior approach may be related to the nerve root tether caused by the spinal cord drift after decompression.
CONCLUSION
In view of the main cause of C palsy after cervical decompression, it is recommended to reduce the compression of the spinal cord by surgical instruments to reduce the risk of this complication.
Topics: Cervical Vertebrae; Decompression, Surgical; Humans; Neck; Paralysis
PubMed: 35293181
DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.202111072 -
Seminars in Neurology Oct 2015An isolated ocular motor nerve palsy is defined as dysfunction of a single ocular motor nerve (oculomotor, trochlear, or abducens) with no associated or localizing... (Review)
Review
An isolated ocular motor nerve palsy is defined as dysfunction of a single ocular motor nerve (oculomotor, trochlear, or abducens) with no associated or localizing neurologic signs or symptoms. When occurring in patients aged 50 or older, the most common cause is microvascular ischemia, but serious etiologies such as aneurysm, malignancy, and giant cell arteritis should always be considered. In this article, the authors review the clinical approach, anatomy, and differential diagnosis of each isolated ocular motor nerve palsy and discuss the clinical characteristics, pathophysiology, and treatment of microvascular ischemia.
Topics: Abducens Nerve Diseases; Humans; Oculomotor Nerve Diseases; Paralysis; Trochlear Nerve Diseases
PubMed: 26444399
DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1563568 -
Anesthesiology Jul 2017Regional anesthesia has an established role in providing perioperative analgesia for shoulder surgery. However, phrenic nerve palsy is a significant complication that... (Review)
Review
Regional anesthesia has an established role in providing perioperative analgesia for shoulder surgery. However, phrenic nerve palsy is a significant complication that potentially limits the use of regional anesthesia, particularly in high-risk patients. The authors describe the anatomical, physiologic, and clinical principles relevant to phrenic nerve palsy in this context. They also present a comprehensive review of the strategies for reducing phrenic nerve palsy and its clinical impact while ensuring adequate analgesia for shoulder surgery. The most important of these include limiting local anesthetic dose and injection volume and performing the injection further away from the C5-C6 nerve roots. Targeting peripheral nerves supplying the shoulder, such as the suprascapular and axillary nerves, may be an effective alternative to brachial plexus blockade in selected patients. The optimal regional anesthetic approach in shoulder surgery should be tailored to individual patients based on comorbidities, type of surgery, and the principles described in this article.
Topics: Anesthesia, Conduction; Humans; Paralysis; Phrenic Nerve; Shoulder
PubMed: 28514241
DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000001668 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Jan 2020This review summaries the knowledge of the treatment of peroneal nerve palsy. Isolated peroneal nerve palsy is often seen after fracture of the knee or knee dislocation.... (Review)
Review
This review summaries the knowledge of the treatment of peroneal nerve palsy. Isolated peroneal nerve palsy is often seen after fracture of the knee or knee dislocation. In cases with chronic peroneal nerve palsy and foot drop, tendon transfer of the posterior tibial muscle tendon to the dorsum of the foot is a possibility to be considered. This procedure is indicated for isolated peroneal nerve palsy with good ankle mobility, good strength of the posterior tibial muscle and no chance of spontaneous remission.
Topics: Humans; Knee Dislocation; Paralysis; Peroneal Nerve; Peroneal Neuropathies; Tendon Transfer
PubMed: 31928619
DOI: No ID Found -
Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America Jun 1974
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Brain and Nerve = Shinkei Kenkyu No... Aug 2019In light of contemporary knowledge, we review a classic case of "Parkinson's disease" presented by Charcot. The patient, Bachère, provided an opportunity to change the... (Review)
Review
In light of contemporary knowledge, we review a classic case of "Parkinson's disease" presented by Charcot. The patient, Bachère, provided an opportunity to change the name of the disease from "Shaking palsy" to "Parkinson's disease". We also explore a total of 4 cases of "Parkinson's disease in extension", especially that of Rab. Léon, described in 2 articles (1889 and 1892) in Nouvelle Iconographie de la Salpêtrière. Although diagnosed by Charcot as a type of Parkinson's disease, and historically accepted as such, he may have been misled.
Topics: History, 19th Century; Humans; Paralysis; Parkinson Disease
PubMed: 31346141
DOI: 10.11477/mf.1416201365 -
Journal Francais D'ophtalmologie Jun 2013Facial palsy can be defined as a decrease in function of the facial nerve, the primary motor nerve of the facial muscles. When the facial palsy is peripheral, it affects... (Review)
Review
Facial palsy can be defined as a decrease in function of the facial nerve, the primary motor nerve of the facial muscles. When the facial palsy is peripheral, it affects both the superior and inferior areas of the face as opposed to central palsies, which affect only the inferior portion. The main cause of peripheral facial palsies is Bell's palsy, which remains a diagnosis of exclusion. The prognosis is good in most cases. In cases with significant cosmetic sequelae, a variety of surgical procedures are available (such as hypoglossal-facial anastomosis, temporalis myoplasty and Tenzel external canthopexy) to rehabilitate facial aesthetics and function.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Disease Progression; Emergency Medical Services; Facial Nerve Diseases; Facial Paralysis; Humans; Models, Biological; Prognosis
PubMed: 23627995
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2013.02.001 -
Nature Reviews. Neurology Sep 2023Cerebral palsy is a clinical descriptor covering a diverse group of permanent, non-degenerative disorders of motor function. Around one-third of cases have now been... (Review)
Review
Cerebral palsy is a clinical descriptor covering a diverse group of permanent, non-degenerative disorders of motor function. Around one-third of cases have now been shown to have an underlying genetic aetiology, with the genetic landscape overlapping with those of neurodevelopmental disorders including intellectual disability, epilepsy, speech and language disorders and autism. Here we review the current state of genomic testing in cerebral palsy, highlighting the benefits for personalized medicine and the imperative to consider aetiology during clinical diagnosis. With earlier clinical diagnosis now possible, we emphasize the opportunity for comprehensive and early genomic testing as a crucial component of the routine diagnostic work-up in people with cerebral palsy.
Topics: Humans; Cerebral Palsy; Neurodevelopmental Disorders; Intellectual Disability; Causality; Paralysis
PubMed: 37537278
DOI: 10.1038/s41582-023-00847-6 -
The Orthopedic Clinics of North America Oct 2012Ulnar nerve palsy results in significant loss of sensation and profound weakness, leading to a dysfunctional hand. Typical clinical findings include loss of key pinch,... (Review)
Review
Ulnar nerve palsy results in significant loss of sensation and profound weakness, leading to a dysfunctional hand. Typical clinical findings include loss of key pinch, clawing, loss of normal flexion sequence of the digits, loss of the metacarpal arch, and abduction of the small finger. Further deficits in hand/wrist function are seen in high-level ulnar nerve palsy, including loss of ring- and small-finger distal interphalangeal flexion, decreased wrist flexion, and loss of dorsal sensory innervation. This article reviews the clinical findings seen in low and high ulnar nerve palsies, and reviews surgical options for correcting certain motor and sensory deficits.
Topics: Finger Joint; Fingers; Hand Strength; Humans; Movement; Nerve Transfer; Paralysis; Postoperative Complications; Range of Motion, Articular; Recovery of Function; Sensation; Tendon Transfer; Treatment Outcome; Ulnar Nerve; Ulnar Neuropathies
PubMed: 23026465
DOI: 10.1016/j.ocl.2012.08.001 -
The Nurse Practitioner Aug 1997Patients with Bell's palsy, or idiopathic facial paralysis, present sporadically in the primary care setting. New evidence implicates reactivated herpes simplex virus... (Review)
Review
Patients with Bell's palsy, or idiopathic facial paralysis, present sporadically in the primary care setting. New evidence implicates reactivated herpes simplex virus (HSV) as the etiologic agent in greater than 70% of cases diagnosed as Bell's palsy. Careful evaluation of the patient with facial paralysis, including history, physical examination, and diagnostic assessment, may mandate the expeditious treatment of facial paralysis to prevent faulty nerve regeneration during the recovery period. Using the results of an objective tool for grading resting facial symmetry, symmetry of voluntary movement, and synkinesis can provide a quantitative measurement for decision making. These data are also useful in documenting progression or regression of the patient's facial paralysis. Administration of acyclovir with prednisone improves the recovery of complete facial functioning following an episode of Bell's palsy. During the acute and convalescent stages, the eye on the affected side must be protected until function is restored to the facial nerve. Residual effects of Bell's palsy lasting more than 6 months may indicate another diagnosis and the need to refer the patient to a specialist.
Topics: Acute Disease; Diagnosis, Differential; Facial Paralysis; Humans; Physical Examination
PubMed: 9279847
DOI: No ID Found