Did you mean: pan troglodytes
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Science (New York, N.Y.) Oct 2023Signs of menopause in wild chimpanzees provide insights into human evolution.
Signs of menopause in wild chimpanzees provide insights into human evolution.
Topics: Animals; Female; Humans; Menopause; Pan troglodytes; Biological Evolution
PubMed: 37883538
DOI: 10.1126/science.adk7119 -
Nature May 2023The naming of Australopithecus africanus in 1925, based on the Taung Child, heralded a new era in human evolutionary studies and turned the attention of the then... (Review)
Review
The naming of Australopithecus africanus in 1925, based on the Taung Child, heralded a new era in human evolutionary studies and turned the attention of the then Eurasian-centric palaeoanthropologists to Africa, albeit with reluctance. Almost one hundred years later, Africa is recognized as the cradle of humanity, where the entire evolutionary history of our lineage prior to two million years ago took place-after the Homo-Pan split. This Review examines data from diverse sources and offers a revised depiction of the genus and characterizes its role in human evolution. For a long time, our knowledge of Australopithecus came from both A. africanus and Australopithecus afarensis, and the members of this genus were portrayed as bipedal creatures that did not use stone tools, with a largely chimpanzee-like cranium, a prognathic face and a brain slightly larger than that of chimpanzees. Subsequent field and laboratory discoveries, however, have altered this portrayal, showing that Australopithecus species were habitual bipeds but also practised arboreality; that they occasionally used stone tools to supplement their diet with animal resources; and that their infants probably depended on adults to a greater extent than what is seen in apes. The genus gave rise to several taxa, including Homo, but its direct ancestor remains elusive. In sum, Australopithecus had a pivotal bridging role in our evolutionary history owing to its morphological, behavioural and temporal placement between the earliest archaic putative hominins and later hominins-including the genus Homo.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Biological Evolution; Fossils; Hominidae; Pan troglodytes; Skull; Tool Use Behavior; Aging
PubMed: 37138108
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05957-1 -
Current Biology : CB May 2004
Topics: Animals; Cognition; Genome; Pan troglodytes; Research; Social Behavior; Species Specificity
PubMed: 15186757
DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2004.05.006 -
The Journal of General Psychology Apr 2007The Stroop effect (J. R. Stroop, 1935) reflects the difficulty in ignoring irrelevant, but automatically processed, semantic information that is inherent in certain...
The Stroop effect (J. R. Stroop, 1935) reflects the difficulty in ignoring irrelevant, but automatically processed, semantic information that is inherent in certain stimuli. With humans, researchers have found this effect when they asked participants to name the color of the letters that make up a word that is incongruent with that color. The authors tested a chimpanzee that had learned to associate geometric symbols called lexigrams with specific colors. When the chimpanzee had to make different responses that depended on the color of stimuli presented to her, she showed a Stroop-like effect when researchers presented to her the previously learned symbols for colors in incongruent font colors. Her accuracy performance was significantly poorer with these stimuli than with congruent color-referent lexigrams, noncolor-referent lexigrams, and nonlexigram stimuli, although there were not any significant differences in response latency. The authors' results demonstrated color-word interference in a Stroop task with a nonhuman animal.
Topics: Animals; Association Learning; Attention; Color Perception; Conflict, Psychological; Discrimination Learning; Female; Pan troglodytes; Pattern Recognition, Visual; Problem Solving; Psychomotor Performance; Reaction Time; Semantics; Symbolism
PubMed: 17503696
DOI: 10.3200/GENP.134.2.217-228 -
Current Biology : CB Nov 2012
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Bioethical Issues; Conservation of Natural Resources; Cultural Evolution; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Pan troglodytes; Research
PubMed: 23310985
DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2012.09.026 -
Scientific American Jul 2009
Comparative Study
Topics: Animals; Biological Evolution; Brain; Humans; Organ Size; Pan troglodytes
PubMed: 19555015
DOI: 10.1038/scientificamerican0709-23 -
Science (New York, N.Y.) Apr 1995
Topics: Africa; Animals; Biological Evolution; DNA, Mitochondrial; Genetic Variation; Haplotypes; Pan troglodytes
PubMed: 7716503
DOI: 10.1126/science.7716503 -
Science (New York, N.Y.) Jan 1981
Topics: Animal Communication; Animals; Language; Linguistics; Methods; Pan troglodytes
PubMed: 7444455
DOI: 10.1126/science.7444455 -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... Dec 2014
Topics: Animals; Animals, Wild; Behavior, Animal; Female; Male; Pan troglodytes; Social Behavior
PubMed: 25512536
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1421559112 -
Nature Communications Sep 2020Large brains and behavioural innovation are positively correlated, species-specific traits, associated with the behavioural flexibility animals need for adapting to...
Large brains and behavioural innovation are positively correlated, species-specific traits, associated with the behavioural flexibility animals need for adapting to seasonal and unpredictable habitats. Similar ecological challenges would have been important drivers throughout human evolution. However, studies examining the influence of environmental variability on within-species behavioural diversity are lacking despite the critical assumption that population diversification precedes genetic divergence and speciation. Here, using a dataset of 144 wild chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) communities, we show that chimpanzees exhibit greater behavioural diversity in environments with more variability - in both recent and historical timescales. Notably, distance from Pleistocene forest refugia is associated with the presence of a larger number of behavioural traits, including both tool and non-tool use behaviours. Since more than half of the behaviours investigated are also likely to be cultural, we suggest that environmental variability was a critical evolutionary force promoting the behavioural, as well as cultural diversification of great apes.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Ecosystem; Environment; Female; Forests; Male; Pan troglodytes; Tool Use Behavior
PubMed: 32934202
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18176-3