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Nature May 2018The pancreas is made from two distinct components: the exocrine pancreas, a reservoir of digestive enzymes, and the endocrine islets, the source of the vital metabolic... (Review)
Review
The pancreas is made from two distinct components: the exocrine pancreas, a reservoir of digestive enzymes, and the endocrine islets, the source of the vital metabolic hormone insulin. Human islets possess limited regenerative ability; loss of islet β-cells in diseases such as type 1 diabetes requires therapeutic intervention. The leading strategy for restoration of β-cell mass is through the generation and transplantation of new β-cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells. Other approaches include stimulating endogenous β-cell proliferation, reprogramming non-β-cells to β-like cells, and harvesting islets from genetically engineered animals. Together these approaches form a rich pipeline of therapeutic development for pancreatic regeneration.
Topics: Adult Stem Cells; Animals; Cell Proliferation; Cellular Reprogramming; Humans; Islets of Langerhans; Pancreas; Pluripotent Stem Cells; Regeneration; Regenerative Medicine
PubMed: 29769672
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0088-0 -
Diabetologia Oct 2020
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Pancreas
PubMed: 32894305
DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05235-z -
Advances in Experimental Medicine and... 2010
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Advances in Experimental Medicine and... 2010
Review
Topics: Animals; Humans; Islets of Langerhans; Pancreas; Pancreas, Exocrine; Pancreatic Ducts
PubMed: 20700835
DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-9060-7_2 -
Islets 2015Mice remain the most studied animal model in pancreas research. Since the findings of this research are typically extrapolated to humans, it is important to understand... (Review)
Review
Mice remain the most studied animal model in pancreas research. Since the findings of this research are typically extrapolated to humans, it is important to understand both similarities and differences between the 2 species. Beside the apparent difference in size and macroscopic organization of the organ in the 2 species, there are a number of less evident and only recently described differences in organization of the acinar and ductal exocrine tissue, as well as in the distribution, composition, and architecture of the endocrine islets of Langerhans. Furthermore, the differences in arterial, venous, and lymphatic vessels, as well as innervation are potentially important. In this article, the structure of the human and the mouse pancreas, together with the similarities and differences between them are reviewed in detail in the light of conceivable repercussions for basic research and clinical application.
Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Insulin-Secreting Cells; Islets of Langerhans; Mice; Pancreas
PubMed: 26030186
DOI: 10.1080/19382014.2015.1024405 -
Clinics in Diagnostic Ultrasound 1988
Review
Topics: Humans; Pancreas; Pancreatic Diseases; Pancreatic Ducts; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 3078688
DOI: No ID Found -
Clinical Gastroenterology and... Jun 2020
Topics: Humans; Pancreas; Pancreatic Diseases
PubMed: 30710695
DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2019.01.036 -
Abdominal Radiology (New York) Aug 2022Percutaneous pancreatic interventions performed by abdominal radiologists play important diagnostic and therapeutic roles in the management of a wide range of pancreatic... (Review)
Review
Percutaneous pancreatic interventions performed by abdominal radiologists play important diagnostic and therapeutic roles in the management of a wide range of pancreatic pathology. While often performed with endoscopy, pancreatic mass biopsy obtained via a percutaneous approach may serve as the only feasible option for diagnosis in patients with post-surgical anatomy, severe cardiopulmonary conditions, or prior non-diagnostic endoscopic attempts. Biopsy of pancreatic transplants are commonly performed percutaneously due to inaccessible location of the allograft by endoscopy, usually in the right lower quadrant or pelvis. Percutaneous drainage of collections in acute pancreatitis is primarily indicated for infection with clinical deterioration and may be performed alone or in combination with endoscopic drainage. Post-surgical pancreatic collections related to pancreatic duct fistula or leak also often warrant therapeutic percutaneous drainage. Knowledge of appropriate indications, strategies of approach, technique, and complications associated with these procedures is critical for a successful clinical practice.
Topics: Acute Disease; Biopsy; Drainage; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; Humans; Pancreas; Pancreatic Ducts; Pancreatitis; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 34410433
DOI: 10.1007/s00261-021-03244-z -
Radiologic Clinics of North America Jul 2014Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the pancreas is useful as both a problem-solving tool and an initial imaging examination of choice. With newer imaging sequences such... (Review)
Review
Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the pancreas is useful as both a problem-solving tool and an initial imaging examination of choice. With newer imaging sequences such as diffusion-weighted imaging, MR offers improved ability to detect and characterize lesions and identify and stage tumors and inflammation. MR cholangiopancreatography can be used to visualize the pancreatic and biliary ductal system. In this article, the use of MR to evaluate the pancreas, including recent advances, is reviewed and the normal appearance of the pancreas on different imaging sequences, as well as inflammatory diseases, congenital abnormalities, and neoplasms of the pancreas, are discussed.
Topics: Artifacts; Cholangiopancreatography, Magnetic Resonance; Contrast Media; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Pancreas; Pancreatic Diseases
PubMed: 24889170
DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2014.02.006 -
Advances in Experimental Medicine and... 2020The pancreas is a glandular organ responsible for diverse homeostatic functions, including hormone production from the endocrine islet cells to regulate blood sugar... (Review)
Review
The pancreas is a glandular organ responsible for diverse homeostatic functions, including hormone production from the endocrine islet cells to regulate blood sugar levels and enzyme secretion from the exocrine acinar cells to facilitate food digestion. These pancreatic functions are essential for life; therefore, preserving pancreatic function is of utmost importance. Pancreas dysfunction can arise either from developmental disorders or adult onset disease, both of which are caused by defects in shared molecular pathways. In this chapter, we discuss what is known about the molecular mechanisms controlling pancreas development, how disruption of these mechanisms can lead to developmental defects and disease, and how essential pancreas functions can be modeled using human pluripotent stem cells. At the core of understanding of these molecular processes are animal model studies that continue to be essential for elucidating the mechanisms underlying human pancreatic functions and diseases.
Topics: Acinar Cells; Animals; Humans; Models, Animal; Organogenesis; Pancreas; Pancreas, Exocrine; Pluripotent Stem Cells
PubMed: 32304069
DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-2389-2_3