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Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism Sep 2016A rediscovery of three-dimensional culture has led to the development of organ biogenesis, homeostasis and disease models applicable to human tissues. The so-called... (Review)
Review
A rediscovery of three-dimensional culture has led to the development of organ biogenesis, homeostasis and disease models applicable to human tissues. The so-called organoids that have recently flourished serve as valuable models bridging between cell lines or primary cells grown on the bottom of culture plates and experiments performed in vivo. Though not recapitulating all aspects of organ physiology, the miniature organs generated in a dish are useful models emerging for the pancreas, starting from embryonic progenitors, adult cells, tumour cells and stem cells. This review focusses on the currently available systems and their relevance to the study of the pancreas, of β-cells and of several pancreatic diseases including diabetes. We discuss the expected future developments for studying human pancreas development and function, for developing diabetes models and for producing therapeutic cells.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Insulin-Secreting Cells; Mice; Organ Culture Techniques; Organogenesis; Organoids; Pancreas; Pancreatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 27615129
DOI: 10.1111/dom.12720 -
Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy : SRA Jul 2015Fused pancreatic tissue encasing the portal and/or superior mesenteric vein, circumportal pancreas, is a congenital anomaly that has been associated with operative... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Fused pancreatic tissue encasing the portal and/or superior mesenteric vein, circumportal pancreas, is a congenital anomaly that has been associated with operative complications in resections involving the head of the pancreas. We describe this anomaly and highlight its pathophysiology and surgical outcomes through a review of the literature to date, drawings and a computed tomography example.
METHODS
A literature search was undertaken using Pubmed and the search terms "circumportal pancreas," "annular pancreas" and "pancreatic anomaly."
RESULTS
91 cases of circumportal pancreas were identified in the literature. The number of reported cases increased with time. 14 were documented as having undergone surgery (11 carcinoma or suspected carcinoma/3 benign neoplasm). Surgical outcome was reported in 13. Five of 13 (38.5 %) experienced a fistula. Three cases were treated with a drain. One incident of potentially unnecessary surgery due to the misidentification of circumportal pancreas was noted.
CONCLUSIONS
(1) The identification of circumportal pancreas is increasing but is relatively rare. (2) Varying locations of the main pancreatic duct can induce inappropriate construction during pancreaticojejunostomy and can influence the risk of fistula. In the presence of CP, distal pancreatectomy with pancreatic division in front of portal vein creates two sources of pancreatic fistula. (3) The high incidence of associated vascular variants can directly influence pancreatic resection and can affect vascular reconstruction for complete oncologic resection. Therefore, the preoperative location of the main pancreatic duct and presence of any vascular variants in CP must be systematically identified before programed surgery.
Topics: Humans; Pancreas; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 25626884
DOI: 10.1007/s00276-015-1436-5 -
Journal of Gastroenterology and... Dec 2022
Review
Topics: Humans; Stomach; Gastrointestinal Tract; Pancreas; Neoplasms
PubMed: 35445464
DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15842 -
Annual Review of Cell and Developmental... 2013The pancreas is an essential organ for proper nutrient metabolism and has both endocrine and exocrine function. In the past two decades, knowledge of how the pancreas... (Review)
Review
The pancreas is an essential organ for proper nutrient metabolism and has both endocrine and exocrine function. In the past two decades, knowledge of how the pancreas develops during embryogenesis has significantly increased, largely from developmental studies in model organisms. Specifically, the molecular basis of pancreatic lineage decisions and cell differentiation is well studied. Still not well understood are the mechanisms governing three-dimensional morphogenesis of the organ. Strategies to derive transplantable β-cells in vitro for diabetes treatment have benefited from the accumulated knowledge of pancreas development. In this review, we provide an overview of the current understanding of pancreatic lineage determination and organogenesis, and we examine future implications of these findings for treatment of diabetes mellitus through cell replacement.
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Humans; Organogenesis; Pancreas; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 23909279
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-101512-122405 -
Presse Medicale (Paris, France : 1983) Sep 2009Pancreas divisum is the most frequent congenital disease of the pancreas. It results from the failure of the dorsal and ventral pancreatic ducts to fuse. It is... (Review)
Review
Pancreas divisum is the most frequent congenital disease of the pancreas. It results from the failure of the dorsal and ventral pancreatic ducts to fuse. It is responsible primarily for recurrent acute pancreatitis, chronic abdominal pain, and chronic pancreatitis. It is diagnosed today by MRI. Treatment is recommended only for symptomatic patients. Endoscopic sphincterotomy is the main treatment, and its results are good for most patients with recurrent acute pancreatitis. Surgical sphincteroplasty is indicated if endoscopic treatment fails.
Topics: Catheterization; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; Endosonography; Humans; Pancreas; Pancreatic Ducts
PubMed: 19457634
DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2008.05.024 -
The American Journal of Surgical... 1989The normal development and microanatomy of the pancreas are summarized, and brief comments are made regarding current concepts of the control of exocrine functions.... (Review)
Review
The normal development and microanatomy of the pancreas are summarized, and brief comments are made regarding current concepts of the control of exocrine functions. Pathologic alterations of acinar cells (including degranulation, nuclear changes, and cytoplasmic vacuolization) are fairly common, but they are often overlooked. Dilatation of acini, loss of acinar cells, and apparent increases in centroacinar cells and intercalated ductal cells also may occur. Changes in the larger ducts include epithelial atrophy, hyperplasia, and metaplasia; in addition, some relationships to age, ductal obstruction, and ductal carcinoma may exist. However, the majority of the alterations are nonspecific. The major types of chronic pancreatitis are illustrated, especially the irregularity of the pancreatic involvement that is so common. In an attempt to better understand the early stages of acute pancreatitis, foci of acute localized pancreatitis have also been studied.
Topics: Acute Disease; Chronic Disease; Humans; Pancreas; Pancreatic Ducts; Pancreatitis
PubMed: 2699169
DOI: No ID Found -
Cell Cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) Oct 2011Type 1 diabetes results from the autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic β cells. Current efforts to cure diabetes are aimed at replenishing damaged... (Review)
Review
Type 1 diabetes results from the autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic β cells. Current efforts to cure diabetes are aimed at replenishing damaged cells by generating a new supply of β cells in vitro. The most promising strategy for achieving this goal is to differentiate embryonic stem (ES) cells by sequentially exposing them to signaling molecules that they would normally encounter in vivo. This approach requires a thorough understanding of the temporal sequence of the signaling events underlying pancreatic β-cell induction during embryonic development. The zebrafish system has emerged as a powerful tool in the study of pancreas development. In this review, we provide a temporal summary of pancreas development in zebrafish with a special focus on the formation of pancreatic β cells.
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Insulin-Secreting Cells; Larva; Models, Biological; Morphogenesis; Pancreas; Zebrafish
PubMed: 22030554
DOI: 10.4161/cc.10.20.17764 -
The American Surgeon Apr 2023
Topics: Humans; Pancreas; Cysts; Abdomen
PubMed: 33342270
DOI: 10.1177/0003134820956303 -
Annals of Anatomy = Anatomischer... Jan 2019The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive overview of the clinically relevant anatomical and histological aspects of the development of the human pancreas,... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive overview of the clinically relevant anatomical and histological aspects of the development of the human pancreas, with emphasis on the vascularization of the gland.
METHODS
A comprehensive search on the relevant aspects of pancreatic biology was performed through the main electronic databases up to August 2017. Data from all relevant articles was gathered, analyzed and included in this narrative review.
RESULTS
This review outlines the main topics on embryology, anatomy, histology, and molecular biology of the microcirculation of the human pancreas. The first part describes in detail the development of the pancreas synthesizing anatomical knowledge with findings of novel molecular studies. The second and third parts give information on the organization of arterial and venous pancreatic circulation. The final part summarizes the most important findings concerning pancreatic microcirculation. All parts taken together create a comprehensive and up-to-date description of the development and organization of the blood supply to the human pancreas.
CONCLUSIONS
Detailed knowledge on the physiological development of the pancreas and anatomy of its blood supply play a key role in understanding the pathophysiology of various pancreatic disorders and is crucial for developing novel therapies for pancreatic disorders.
Topics: Humans; Pancreas
PubMed: 30300687
DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2018.09.008 -
Development (Cambridge, England) Aug 2012Blood vessels course through organs, providing them with essential nutrient and gaseous exchange. However, the vasculature has also been shown to provide non-nutritional... (Review)
Review
Blood vessels course through organs, providing them with essential nutrient and gaseous exchange. However, the vasculature has also been shown to provide non-nutritional signals that play key roles in the control of organ growth, morphogenesis and homeostasis. Here, we examine a decade of work on the contribution of vascular paracrine signals to developing tissues, with a focus on pancreatic β-cells. During the early stages of embryonic development, blood vessels are required for pancreas specification. Later, the vasculature constrains pancreas branching, differentiation and growth. During adult life, capillaries provide a vascular niche for the maintenance of β-cell function and survival. We explore the possibility that the vasculature constitutes a dynamic and regionalized signaling system that carries out multiple and changing functions as it coordinately grows with the pancreatic epithelial tree.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus; Endothelial Cells; Epithelium; Humans; Insulin-Secreting Cells; Islets of Langerhans Transplantation; Models, Biological; Pancreas; Paracrine Communication; Stem Cell Niche
PubMed: 22833471
DOI: 10.1242/dev.065953