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Diabetes Feb 2001All pancreatic cell types (endocrine, exocrine, and ductal) are derived from the same endodermal dorsal and ventral anlage, which grow together to form the definitive... (Review)
Review
All pancreatic cell types (endocrine, exocrine, and ductal) are derived from the same endodermal dorsal and ventral anlage, which grow together to form the definitive pancreas. Golosow and Grobstein were pioneers in the field of pancreatic developmental research, as were Wessells and Cohen, who already in the 1960s performed classic embryological experiments describing the morphogenesis of the pancreas and the epithelio-mesenchymal interactions that are instrumental for proper pancreas development. Recent findings suggest that follistatin and fibroblast growth factors represent some of these key mesenchymal factors that actively promote at least pancreatic exocrine development. The true endodermal origin of the pancreatic endocrine cells became evident by experiments performed by the groups of LeDouarin and Rutter in the 1970s. The newly acquired insights regarding the specification of pancreatic endocrine cells as controlled by the notch signaling pathway (i.e., similar to the mechanisms by which neurons are specified during neurogenesis) have provided a novel understanding of the long acknowledged similarities between neurons and the pancreatic endocrine cells. Last, the identification of a number of distinct transcription factors operating at various levels of pancreatic development and in different cell types has provided useful information both on pancreas development and on various pancreatic disorders such as diabetes. Interestingly, four of the hitherto defined five different maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) genes correspond to transcription factors, and, in addition, several transcription factors have also been linked to type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Cell Division; Developmental Biology; Humans; Islets of Langerhans; Models, Biological; Pancreas
PubMed: 11272202
DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.50.2007.s5 -
Current Opinion in Gastroenterology Sep 2009
Topics: Cell Differentiation; Cholecystokinin; Hormones; Humans; Pancreas; Pancreatic Diseases; Pancreatic Ducts; Pancreatic Function Tests; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 19675421
DOI: 10.1097/MOG.0b013e32832ec4db -
Pancreas Jul 2022
Review
Topics: Abdomen; Histiocytosis, Sinus; Humans; Pancreas
PubMed: 36206475
DOI: 10.1097/MPA.0000000000002089 -
Pancreatology : Official Journal of the... 2002The pancreas is one of the body's most complex tissues composed of a mixture of endocrine and exocrine cell components. Although, islets comprise 1-2% of the pancreatic... (Review)
Review
The pancreas is one of the body's most complex tissues composed of a mixture of endocrine and exocrine cell components. Although, islets comprise 1-2% of the pancreatic volume, there is some evidence that they control the function and the integrity of the pancreas and play the role of a gatekeeper. This review intends to highlight the importance of islet cells, not only for glucose metabolism, but also for their significant role in drug metabolism and diseases, especially in pancreatic cancer.
Topics: Animals; Epithelial Cells; Humans; Hyperplasia; Islets of Langerhans; Pancreas; Pancreatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 12378111
DOI: 10.1159/000064718 -
Diabetes Jul 2024
Topics: Humans; Pancreas; Diabetes Mellitus
PubMed: 38900955
DOI: 10.2337/dbi23-0021 -
Radiologie (Heidelberg, Germany) Dec 2023
Topics: Humans; Pancreas; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Pancreatic Hormones
PubMed: 38038741
DOI: 10.1007/s00117-023-01232-6 -
The Surgical Clinics of North America Aug 1993Knowledge of the surgical embryology and surgical anatomy of the pancreas is vital to the general surgeon. This article discusses the entities related to pancreatic... (Review)
Review
Knowledge of the surgical embryology and surgical anatomy of the pancreas is vital to the general surgeon. This article discusses the entities related to pancreatic surgery. It also highlights some common embryologic anomalies of the pancreas.
Topics: Humans; Pancreas; Pancreatic Ducts
PubMed: 8378816
DOI: 10.1016/s0039-6109(16)46080-9 -
The Journal of Pathology Mar 1998Keratins, or cytokeratins, represent a family of more than 20 different polypeptides which are important markers of epithelial cell differentiation. This review deals... (Review)
Review
Keratins, or cytokeratins, represent a family of more than 20 different polypeptides which are important markers of epithelial cell differentiation. This review deals with the use of keratin immunohistochemistry in the study of pancreatic cell differentiation. Exocrine acinar cells and endocrine islet cells are well-differentiated cells which express the keratin combination 8 and 18, whereas the less-differentiated cells of the ductal tree are characterized by the additional expression of keratin 7, keratin 19, and, in the rat, keratin 20. Keratin expression is stable and can be used for cell identification after isolation and culture, and in clinical or experimental injury. The intercalated ductal cells and centroacinar cells are inconspicuous unless specific immunohistochemical markers, such as keratins, are used. In conditions where there is morphogenetic differentiation such as in fetal life, or where transdifferentiation is occurring, keratins have been used to trace the origin and fate of pancreatic cells.
Topics: Biomarkers; Cell Differentiation; Humans; Keratins; Pancreas; Pancreatic Diseases; Pancreatic Ducts
PubMed: 9614373
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9896(199803)184:3<234::AID-PATH28>3.0.CO;2-D -
The Journal of Physiology Apr 2007The systemic renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role in regulating blood pressure, electrolyte and fluid homeostasis. However, local RASs also exist in... (Review)
Review
The systemic renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role in regulating blood pressure, electrolyte and fluid homeostasis. However, local RASs also exist in diverse tissues and organs, where they play a multitude of autocrine, paracrine and intracrine physiological roles. The existence of a local RAS is now recognized in pancreatic acinar, islet, duct, endothelial and stellate cells, the expression of which is modulated in response to physiological and pathophysiological stimuli such as hypoxia, pancreatitis, islet transplantation, hyperglycaemia, and diabetes mellitus. This pancreatic RAS has been proposed to have important endocrine and exocrine roles in the pancreas, regulating local blood flow, duct cell sodium bicarbonate secretion, acinar cell digestive enzyme secretion, islet beta-cell (pro)insulin biosynthesis, and thus, glucose-stimulated insulin release, delta-cell somatostatin secretion, and pancreatic cell proliferation and differentiation. It may further mediate oxidative stress-induced cell inflammation, apoptosis and fibrosis. Further exploration of this system would probably offer new insights into the pathogenesis of pancreatitis, diabetes, cystic fibrosis and pancreatic cancer formation. New therapeutic targets and strategies might thus be suggested.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Islets of Langerhans; Pancreas; Pancreas, Exocrine; Renin-Angiotensin System
PubMed: 17218353
DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2006.126193 -
Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology... Dec 19961. Gap junctions and junction-mediated cell-to-cell communications are obligatory features of gland cells, whatever their secretory product is. 2. Studies on pancreatic... (Review)
Review
1. Gap junctions and junction-mediated cell-to-cell communications are obligatory features of gland cells, whatever their secretory product is. 2. Studies on pancreatic islets and acinar cells indicate that cell-to-cell communication via gap junction channels is required for proper biosynthesis, storage and release of both insulin and amylase. 3. However, the endocrine and exocrine portions of the pancreas show opposite connexin (Cx) and coupling changes in relation to the activation and inhibition of their secretory functions. 4. These differences may be accounted for by the expression of Cx43 in pancreatic islets and of Cx26 and Cx32 in pancreatic acini. This alternative expression of connexin isoforms is also found in several other endocrine and exocrine glands. 5. These observations indicate that connexin-made channels play a central role in the control of secretory events.
Topics: Animals; Gap Junctions; Islets of Langerhans; Pancreas
PubMed: 8977159
DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.1996.tb01168.x