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Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of... Jan 1995The pancreas is formed by the fusion of the ventral and dorsal anlage, and a wide spectrum of anomalies or anatomical variations may appear related to this complicated... (Review)
Review
The pancreas is formed by the fusion of the ventral and dorsal anlage, and a wide spectrum of anomalies or anatomical variations may appear related to this complicated process of fusion: e.g., agenesis, aplasia of a pancreatic anlage, hypoplasia, annular pancreas, pancreas divisum or nonfusion of the ventral and dorsal duct system, pancreaticobiliary maljunction, etc. Every endoscopist who engages in pancreatography or related diagnostic and therapeutic procedures should always be aware of all sorts of anatomical variations he or she might encounter.
Topics: Aged; Ampulla of Vater; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Middle Aged; Pancreas; Pancreatic Diseases; Pancreatic Ducts
PubMed: 7728339
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology Oct 1989Pancreas divisum is discussed to define and evaluate criteria for treatment. Selecting candidates for surgery is imprecise since the anatomic anomaly is so prevalent....
Pancreas divisum is discussed to define and evaluate criteria for treatment. Selecting candidates for surgery is imprecise since the anatomic anomaly is so prevalent. Endoscopic stenting has been utilized as a therapeutic and diagnostic test. Appraisals of operative results vary depending on length and detail of follow-up. Sphincteroplasty of the dorsal segment is the procedure of choice when the gland is normal--but resection and caudal drainage each have a role, depending on the anatomic and endoscopic findings.
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Humans; Pancreas; Pancreatic Ducts; Pancreatic Function Tests; Pancreatitis
PubMed: 2794426
DOI: No ID Found -
Stem Cell Reviews and Reports Jun 2012In the embryo, the liver and pancreas exhibit a close developmental relationship. Both tissues arise from neighbouring regions of the developing endoderm. As well as... (Review)
Review
In the embryo, the liver and pancreas exhibit a close developmental relationship. Both tissues arise from neighbouring regions of the developing endoderm. As well as this close developmental relationship, the liver and pancreas can, under certain circumstances, regenerate functional components. Understanding the normal development of the two tissue types and the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms governing normal development and regeneration is critical to the production of novel therapies for treating liver disease and pancreatic disorders such as diabetes and pancreatitis. Herein we discuss the development of the liver and pancreas from progenitor cells in the embryo and the existence of potential stem cells in the adult tissues.
Topics: Animals; Cell Lineage; Cell Transdifferentiation; Humans; Liver; Models, Biological; Pancreas; Stem Cells
PubMed: 22350509
DOI: 10.1007/s12015-012-9350-2 -
Cell and Tissue Research Jul 1977The fetal rat pancreas, explanted at 18 days of gestation and cultured up to ten days, contains numerous acetylcholinesterase-positive neurons. These nerves usually...
The fetal rat pancreas, explanted at 18 days of gestation and cultured up to ten days, contains numerous acetylcholinesterase-positive neurons. These nerves usually appear in small ganglia although single nerve cells are encountered. The axons of these intrapancreatic nerves appear to terminate only in the islet tissue and not on any exocrine components of the explant. It is concluded that the fetal rat pancreas contains an islet-specific group of cholinergic neurons.
Topics: Animals; Axons; Cholinergic Fibers; Culture Techniques; Fetus; Islets of Langerhans; Neurons; Pancreas; Rats; Time Factors
PubMed: 328163
DOI: 10.1007/BF00222061 -
Pancreas Apr 2009The formation of the pancreatic duct system is the result of the fusion of 2 embryonic buds, the ventral and dorsal primordia. Frequently, this fusion process is...
OBJECTIVES
The formation of the pancreatic duct system is the result of the fusion of 2 embryonic buds, the ventral and dorsal primordia. Frequently, this fusion process is localized in the pancreatic head; variations, however, may account for the structural diversity of the duct system. Pancreatic duct anomalies and diversity of body and tail are thought to be casuistic.
METHODS
Ninety-nine consecutive adult autopsies with reference to macroscopic anomalies in the distal part of the gland were evaluated. Pancreatograms were performed after large duodenal papilla cannulation. Ducts parallel to gland axis with a diameter of at least one third of the main pancreatic duct at the junction point and aberrant duct with different shapes and/or abnormal third-degree ductuli architecture were noted.
RESULTS
Our study revealed a 9.9% frequency of main pancreatic duct diversity in the pancreatic corpus and tail. Eleven atypical ducts were visible, 9 cranially and 2 caudally from the main pancreatic duct.
CONCLUSIONS
The pancreatic duct system in the body and the tail presents abnormal configuration not described in the past.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Ampulla of Vater; Catheterization; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pancreas; Pancreatic Ducts; Pancreatitis; Radiography
PubMed: 19066495
DOI: 10.1097/MPA.0b013e31819081ba -
Journal of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic... 2006Limited resection of the pancreas is recommended for low-grade malignancies such as mucin-producing tumors. We propose a system of segmentation of the pancreas for the... (Review)
Review
Limited resection of the pancreas is recommended for low-grade malignancies such as mucin-producing tumors. We propose a system of segmentation of the pancreas for the purposes of limited resection. The proposed system has an anatomical and embryological basis, and divides the pancreas into four segments, namely the anterior head, posterior head, body and tail. These segments are based on the conventional anatomical division of the pancreas, identification of the originating primordium, and distribution of the ventral and dorsal pancreas.
Topics: Humans; Pancreas; Pancreatectomy; Pancreatic Diseases
PubMed: 16547676
DOI: 10.1007/s00534-005-1039-3 -
Radiographics : a Review Publication of... 2006A wide spectrum of anomalies of the pancreas, the pancreatic ductal system, and the biliary tree are commonly encountered at radiologic evaluation. These anomalies may... (Review)
Review
A wide spectrum of anomalies of the pancreas, the pancreatic ductal system, and the biliary tree are commonly encountered at radiologic evaluation. These anomalies may simulate various neoplastic, inflammatory, and posttraumatic conditions and should be part of the differential diagnosis for a variety of abnormalities found at diagnostic imaging. Anatomic variants, developmental anomalies (eg, pancreas divisum, annular pancreas, ectopic pancreas, pancreatic agenesis and hypoplasia), and congenital diseases (congenital pancreatic cysts, von Hippel-Lindau disease, choledochal cysts), in addition to potential imaging pitfalls (uneven distribution of fat, "pseudomasses"), can all pose a diagnostic challenge for the radiologist. Familiarity with these anomalies, the imaging techniques available for their study, and their variable imaging manifestations is necessary for differentiating them from other biliary and pancreatic conditions. A basic understanding of the embryologic development and normal anatomy of the pancreas and biliary tree is also essential for identifying these anomalies.
Topics: Bile Ducts; Cholangiography; Diagnostic Imaging; Humans; Pancreas
PubMed: 16702450
DOI: 10.1148/rg.263055164 -
Annals of Anatomy = Anatomischer... Apr 2005It was intended to present information about the anatomy of the pancreas and especially to emphasize the variation of pancreatic ducts in the rat, which may guide...
It was intended to present information about the anatomy of the pancreas and especially to emphasize the variation of pancreatic ducts in the rat, which may guide researchers in experimental studies. In 27 adult rats, latex dye was introduced into the biliopancreatic duct, portal vein and arteries. The pancreas with the neighboring structures was studied with the aid of the dissection microscope and measurements were by means of micrometric ocular. The pancreas was divided into three parts i.e. the biliary, duodenal and gastrosplenic portions. The biliopancreatic and pancreatic ducts as well as biliary and duodenal portions of the pancreas could be seen ventrally with a minor procedure such as pulling the duodenum caudally, and additionally the entire pancreas and its ducts could also be reached dorsally since the stomach was turned cranially with the duodenum. The biliopancreatic duct diameter and length of the ducts were 1.01+/-0.03 and 28.86+/-0.59 mm, respectively. The anterior pancreatic duct originated from the biliopancreatic duct on different sides, 17.96+/-0.75mm away from the duodenal papilla. The anterior pancreatic duct drained the gastrosplenic portion of the rat pancreas and this duct, via the duodenal duct, partially collected secretion of the duodenal portion at a ratio of 74.07%. The posterior pancreatic duct opened to the biliopancreatic duct and its distance from papilla duodeni was changed from 0 to 8 mm. When the biliopancreatic duct is ligated at the level of the duodenal opening, the posterior pancreatic duct or a small duct from duodenal portion should be taken into consideration because these ducts opened to biliopancreatic duct at the level of papilla duodeni at a ratio of 37.04%. In conclusion, the duct system of pancreas had a great variation and therefore the success rate of the surgery could be increased when surgeons have more knowledge on variations of the duct system in this region.
Topics: Animals; Female; Liver; Male; Pancreas; Pancreatic Ducts; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rats, Wistar
PubMed: 15900694
DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2004.10.004 -
Journal of Visualized Experiments : JoVE Jun 2024Pancreatic islet transplantation is an emerging treatment for type I diabetes; however, it is limited by donor matching and availability. Porcine islet...
Pancreatic islet transplantation is an emerging treatment for type I diabetes; however, it is limited by donor matching and availability. Porcine islet xenotransplantation offers a promising alternative to allotransplantation, with the potential for large-scale production of on-demand, functional islets. The yield and viability of isolated islets is highly susceptible to the quality of the donor pancreas and the method of procurement, particularly the duration of warm-ischemia time. To improve organ preservation and subsequent islet yield and viability, we have developed a protocol for surgical perfusion and resection of the porcine pancreas. This protocol employs direct infrarenal aortic cannulation and organ perfusion to both minimize warm-ischemia time and simplify the procedure for operators who do not have extensive surgical expertise. Subsequent arterial perfusion of the pancreas via the aorta flushes stagnant blood from the microvasculature, thereby reducing thrombosis and oxidative damage to the tissue. This manuscript provides a detailed protocol for surgical perfusion and resection of the porcine pancreas, followed by islet isolation and purification.
Topics: Animals; Swine; Islets of Langerhans; Islets of Langerhans Transplantation; Perfusion; Pancreas; Transplantation, Heterologous
PubMed: 38912778
DOI: 10.3791/66350 -
Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology Aug 2012Pancreatic endocrine cells are produced from a dynamic epithelium in a process that, as in any developing organ, is driven by interacting programs of spatiotemporally... (Review)
Review
Pancreatic endocrine cells are produced from a dynamic epithelium in a process that, as in any developing organ, is driven by interacting programs of spatiotemporally regulated intercellular signals and autonomous gene regulatory networks. These algorithms work to push progenitors and their transitional intermediates through a series of railroad-station-like switching decisions to regulate flux along specific differentiation tracks. Extensive research on pancreas organogenesis over the last 20 years, greatly spurred by the potential to restore functional β-cell mass in diabetic patients by transplantation therapy, is advancing our knowledge of how endocrine lineage bias is established and allocation is promoted. The field is working towards the goal of generating a detailed blueprint of how heterogeneous cell populations interact and respond to each other, and other influences such as the extracellular matrix, to move into progressively refined and mature cell states. Here, we highlight how signaling codes and transcriptional networks might determine endocrine lineage within a complex and dynamic architecture, based largely on studies in the mouse. The process begins with the designation of multipotent progenitor cells (MPC) to pancreatic buds that subsequently move through a newly proposed period involving epithelial plexus formation-remodeling, and ends with formation of clustered endocrine islets connected to the vascular and peripheral nervous systems. Developing this knowledge base, and increasing the emphasis on direct comparisons between mouse and human, will yield a more complete and focused picture of pancreas development, and thereby inform β-cell-directed differentiation from human embryonic stem or induced pluripotent stem cells (hESC, iPSC). Additionally, a deeper understanding may provide surprising therapeutic angles by defining conditions that allow the controllable reprogramming of endodermal or pancreatic cell populations.
Topics: Animals; Gene Regulatory Networks; Humans; Islets of Langerhans; Multipotent Stem Cells; Organogenesis; Pancreas
PubMed: 22728667
DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2012.06.005