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Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health Nov 2020Paediatric pancreatic diseases are often under-recognised and may be associated with severe diseases and significant clinical consequences. In recent years, advances... (Review)
Review
Paediatric pancreatic diseases are often under-recognised and may be associated with severe diseases and significant clinical consequences. In recent years, advances have been made in key areas, particularly with the contributions from international societies and study groups focused on paediatric pancreatic disease research. This review focuses on the two key manifestations of pancreatic disorders in childhood, pancreatitis and exocrine pancreatic dysfunction.
Topics: Child; Cystic Fibrosis; Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency; Humans; Pancreas; Pancreatic Diseases; Pancreatitis
PubMed: 33197977
DOI: 10.1111/jpc.14688 -
Biomedical Papers of the Medical... Dec 2022Although symptoms of pancreatic diseases such as pancreatitis, acute and chronic and, carcinoma of the pancreas are mainly gastrointestinal in nature, the... (Review)
Review
Although symptoms of pancreatic diseases such as pancreatitis, acute and chronic and, carcinoma of the pancreas are mainly gastrointestinal in nature, the extra-pancreatic symptoms are also important. These include skin symptoms, such as pancreatic panniculitis, acanthosis nigricans, livedo reticularis, necrolytic migratory erythema, cutaneous signs of hemorrhage, as in persons with severe acute pancreatitis, or the finding of cutaneous metastases of pancreatic carcinoma, which may be a sign of advanced disease. The pancreas is therefore one of those organs for which diagnosis and therapy are often multidisciplinary. In this review article, we summarize current knowledge of the possible skin manifestations of pancreatic disorders.
Topics: Humans; Acute Disease; Pancreatitis; Pancreatic Diseases; Skin Diseases; Skin; Pancreatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 35938387
DOI: 10.5507/bp.2022.035 -
Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift (1946) Feb 2014
Topics: Humans; Pancreas; Pancreatic Diseases; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Prognosis
PubMed: 24619470
DOI: 10.1007/s10354-014-0268-y -
Current Opinion in Gastroenterology Sep 2020We describe and contrast the strengths of precision medicine with Western medicine, and complex trait genetics with Mendelian genetics. Classic genetics focuses on... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
We describe and contrast the strengths of precision medicine with Western medicine, and complex trait genetics with Mendelian genetics. Classic genetics focuses on highly penetrant pathogenic variants in a single gene believed to cause or confer a high risk for well-defined phenotypes. However, a minority of disorders have a single gene cause. Further, even individuals with identical Mendelian disease-associated genotypes may exhibit substantial phenotypic variability indicative of genetic and environmental modifiers. Still, most diseases are considered complex traits (or complex diseases).
RECENT FINDINGS
New insights into the genetic underpinnings of complex traits provide opportunities for advances in diagnosis and management. Precision medicine provides the framework for integrating complex trait knowledge into clinical care through a sophisticated analysis pipeline. Multidimensional modeling of acquired diseases includes multiple genetic risks scattered over many genes and gene regulators that must be interpreted on the basis of functional evidence (e.g., genomics, transcriptomics) with structured models and expert systems; strengthened with machine learning and artificial intelligence. The choice of genotyping approaches (shotgun sequencing, single nucleotide polymorphism chips, targeted panels) is discussed.
SUMMARY
The result of a good precision medicine tool is clinical-decision support and guidance to tackle complex disorders such as pancreatitis, diabetes, and pancreatic cancer oncogenesis.
Topics: Artificial Intelligence; Diabetes Mellitus; Genomics; Humans; Pancreatic Diseases; Precision Medicine
PubMed: 32740003
DOI: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000665 -
Praxis Jun 2016The author presents his personal choice of practical relevant papers of pancreatic diseases from 2014 to 2015. Nutritional factors and hypertriglycidemia are discussed... (Review)
Review
The author presents his personal choice of practical relevant papers of pancreatic diseases from 2014 to 2015. Nutritional factors and hypertriglycidemia are discussed as causes of acute pancreatitis. Tools to avoid post-ERCP(endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography) pancreatitis are described and the natural course of fluid collections and pseudocysts is demonstrated. The value of secretin-MRCP(magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography) for diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis is illustrated. Data help to choose the minimally effective prednisolone dose in autoimmune pancreatitis. The increased prevalence of fractures in patients with chronic pancreatitis highlights the necessity of screening for bone density loss. The association of vitamin D intake with pancreatic cancer is described. The probability of cancer in IPNM is shown and innovative surgical concepts to reduce the loss of pancreatic function are presented. Finally neoadjuvant concepts for the treatment of pancreatic cancer are highlighted.
Topics: Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; Humans; Pancreatic Diseases; Pancreatic Function Tests; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Pancreatic Pseudocyst; Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing; Pancreatitis, Chronic; Prognosis
PubMed: 27329710
DOI: 10.1024/1661-8157/a002397 -
Human Cell Jul 2023The pancreas is an abdominal organ with both endocrine and exocrine functions, and patients with pancreatic diseases suffer tremendously. The regulated cell death of... (Review)
Review
The pancreas is an abdominal organ with both endocrine and exocrine functions, and patients with pancreatic diseases suffer tremendously. The regulated cell death of various cells in the pancreas is thought to play a key role in disease development. As one of the newly discovered regulated cell death modalities, ferroptosis has the potential for therapeutic applications in the study of multiple diseases. Ferroptosis has been observed in several pancreatic diseases, but its role in pancreatic diseases has not been systematically elucidated or reviewed. Understanding the occurrence of ferroptosis in various pancreatic diseases after damage to the different cell types is crucial in determining disease progression, evaluating targeted therapies, and predicting disease prognosis. Herein, we summarize the research progress associated with ferroptosis in four common pancreatic diseases, namely acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, the elucidation of ferroptosis in rare pancreatic diseases may provide sociological benefits in the future.
Topics: Humans; Pancreatitis; Ferroptosis; Acute Disease; Pancreatic Diseases; Pancreatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 36929283
DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-00894-7 -
Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics Nov 2003
Review
Topics: Acute Disease; Chronic Disease; Europe; Health Care Costs; Humans; Pancreatic Diseases; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Pancreatitis
PubMed: 14531743
DOI: 10.1046/j.0953-0673.2003.01731.x -
Stem Cell Research & Therapy Apr 2022Pancreatic diseases, a serious threat to human health, have garnered considerable research interest, as they are associated with a high mortality rate. However, owing to... (Review)
Review
Pancreatic diseases, a serious threat to human health, have garnered considerable research interest, as they are associated with a high mortality rate. However, owing to the uncertain etiology and complex pathophysiology, the treatment of pancreatic diseases is a challenge for clinicians and researchers. Exosomes, carriers of intercellular communication signals, play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic diseases. Exosomes are involved in multiple stages of pancreatic disease development, including apoptosis, immune regulation, angiogenesis, cell migration, and cell proliferation. Thus, extensive alterations in the quantity and variety of exosomes may be indicative of abnormal biological behaviors of pancreatic cells. This phenomenon could be exploited for the development of exosomes as a new biomarker or target of new treatment strategies. Several studies have demonstrated the diagnostic and therapeutic effects of exosomes in cancer and inflammatory pancreatic diseases. Herein, we introduce the roles of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic diseases and discuss directions for future research and perspectives of their applications.
Topics: Cell Communication; Exosomes; Humans; Pancreas; Pancreatic Diseases; Pancreatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 35395948
DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02826-y -
Pediatric Clinics of North America Feb 1996The main congenital anomalies of the exocrine pancreas are reviewed, and several generalized and isolated hereditary pancreatic diseases are discussed. In contrast with... (Review)
Review
The main congenital anomalies of the exocrine pancreas are reviewed, and several generalized and isolated hereditary pancreatic diseases are discussed. In contrast with adults, the most frequent causes of acute pancreatitis are viral infection, drug induction, and trauma. The dissimilarities between pediatric and acute and chronic pancreatitis are emphasized.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Chronic Disease; Humans; Incidence; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Pancreatic Diseases; Pancreatitis; Prognosis; Risk Factors
PubMed: 8596678
DOI: 10.1016/s0031-3955(05)70400-4 -
Pediatric Clinics of North America Jun 2017Once considered uncommon, pancreatic diseases are increasingly recognized in the pediatric age group. Acute pancreatitis, acute recurrent pancreatitis, and chronic... (Review)
Review
Once considered uncommon, pancreatic diseases are increasingly recognized in the pediatric age group. Acute pancreatitis, acute recurrent pancreatitis, and chronic pancreatitis occur in children with an incidence approaching that of adults. Risk factors are broad, prompting the need for a completely different diagnostic and therapeutic approach in children. Although cystic fibrosis remains the most common cause of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, other causes such as chronic pancreatitis may be as common as Shwachman Diamond syndrome. Long-term effects of pancreatic diseases may be staggering, as children suffer from significant disease burden, high economic cost, nutritional deficiencies, pancreatogenic diabetes, and potentially pancreatic cancer.
Topics: Child; Humans; Pancreatic Diseases; Risk Factors
PubMed: 28502446
DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2017.01.010