-
Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology May 2017The diagnosis of panniculitis is felt to be a confusing topic by some pathologists. This summarical article presents inflammatory diseases of the subcutis in a... (Review)
Review
The diagnosis of panniculitis is felt to be a confusing topic by some pathologists. This summarical article presents inflammatory diseases of the subcutis in a systematic fashion, based on whether they are centered on fibrovascular septa or the adipose lobules, and whether morphologic vasculitis is present or not. Septocentric, non-vasculitis disorders include erythema nodosum, panniculitis that follows the use of "biological" therapeutic agents, lipodermatosclerosis, post-irradiation panniculitis, morphea profunda, and necrobiosis lipodica profunda. Polyarteritis nodosa and Behçet's disease are the conditions that are based in the subcutaneous septa with vasculitis. Predominantly-lobular panniculitides with no vasculitis include pancreatogenic panniculitis, the panniculitis of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, panniculitis associated with lupus erythematosus and dermatomyositis, subcutaneous Sweet syndrome, eosinophilic panniculitis, factitial panniculitis, cold panniculitis, panniculitis following injections of corticosteroids, lipomembranous (ischemic) panniculitis; sclerema neonatorum and subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn, and Rosai-Dorfman disease of the subcutis. Erythema induratum and infectious panniculitis are vasculitic and lobulocentric conditions. This article reviews the histological features of these diseases.
Topics: Humans; Panniculitis
PubMed: 28129926
DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2016.12.004 -
Acta Bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis Dec 2019The mesenteric panniculitis is a rare form of inflammation that mainly involves the mesenteric adipose tissue. The etiology remains unknown and the disease has been... (Review)
Review
The mesenteric panniculitis is a rare form of inflammation that mainly involves the mesenteric adipose tissue. The etiology remains unknown and the disease has been associated with various conditions such as cancer, abdominal trauma, previous surgery, autoimmune diseases and obesity. Mesenteric panniculitis can be divided into two main groups: the mesenteric panniculitis with only the inflammation and degeneration of the mesenteric fat, and the retractile panniculitis, mainly fibrotic, with retraction of the surrounding structures. From a radiological point of view, there are two main signs: the fat ring sign, which is the presence of normal fat around vessels and lymph nodes, and the pseudocapsula around the lesion. In this paper, we present the imaging and clinical features of mesenteric panniculits with particular reference to the differential diagnosis and the possible etiological associations. (www.actabiomedica.it).
Topics: Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Panniculitis, Peritoneal; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 31910164
DOI: 10.23750/abm.v90i4.7696 -
Dermatologic Clinics Jul 2002The classification of inflammatory disorders of the subcutaneous tissue has mystified dermatologists for decades. Overlapping clinical and histologic features, and a... (Review)
Review
The classification of inflammatory disorders of the subcutaneous tissue has mystified dermatologists for decades. Overlapping clinical and histologic features, and a lack of specific treatments have added to the confusion. This article initially classifies the various panniculititides by their primary histopathologic pattern: (1) septal panniculitis without vasculitis, (2) septal panniculitis with vasculitis, (3) lobular panniculitis without vasculitis, and (4) lobular panniculitis with vasculitis. Subsequently, we describe the key clinical findings in the most important forms of panniculitis. We begin with the most common form of panniculitis, erythema nodosum. Indeed, in many patients suspected of having panniculitis, a worthwhile question to consider initially might be, "Is this, or is this not, erythema nodosum?" before engaging in an elaborate (and expensive) exercise in differential diagnosis.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Eosinophilia; Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome; Fasciitis; Histiocytes; Humans; Panniculitis; Panniculitis, Nodular Nonsuppurative; Polyarteritis Nodosa; Scleroderma, Localized; Skin; Thrombophlebitis; Vasculitis
PubMed: 12170876
DOI: 10.1016/s0733-8635(02)00008-6 -
Current Rheumatology Reviews 2024Panniculitis was first described in the nineteenth century and is characterized by inflammation of the subcutaneous fat. It may be categorized in septal or lobular... (Review)
Review
Panniculitis was first described in the nineteenth century and is characterized by inflammation of the subcutaneous fat. It may be categorized in septal or lobular subtypes, but other histopathological features (e.g., presence of vasculitis, nature of inflammatory infiltrates, characteristics of fat necrosis) are also important for diagnostic purposes. Clinically, panniculitis is characterized by the presence of subcutaneous nodules, and both ulcerative and nonulcerative clinical subtypes have been proposed. In this review, we aimed to describe the occurrence of panniculitis in autoinflammatory disorders (AIDs) and related diseases. Among monogenic AIDs, panniculitis is common in IFN-mediated disorders. Panniculitis is a distinctive feature in proteasome-associated autoinflammatory syndromes (PRAAS), including chronic atypical neutrophilic dermatosis with lipodystrophy and elevated temperature (CANDLE) syndrome and Nakajo-Nishimura syndrome. On the other hand, erythema nodosum corresponds to the most common clinical form of panniculitis and is common in polygenic AIDs, such as Behçet's syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, and sarcoidosis. Cytophagic histiocytic panniculitis, lipoatrophic panniculitis of children, and otulipenia are rare disorders that may also present with inflammation of the subcutaneous fat. Therefore, panniculitis can identify a specific subgroup of patients with AIDs and may potentially be regarded as a cardinal sign of autoinflammation.
Topics: Humans; Panniculitis; Hereditary Autoinflammatory Diseases; Inflammation
PubMed: 37921131
DOI: 10.2174/0115733971254702231020060633 -
Dermatologic Therapy 2010Panniculitis refers to disorders with inflammation of the subcutaneous fat. Such inflammation can be primary or can be a reaction pattern induced by a systemic process.... (Review)
Review
Panniculitis refers to disorders with inflammation of the subcutaneous fat. Such inflammation can be primary or can be a reaction pattern induced by a systemic process. Some types of panniculitis are seen more commonly or exclusively in children. These include erythema nodosum, subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn, sclerema neonatorum, poststeroid panniculitis, and cold panniculitis. The most typical clinical finding is tender, erythematous subcutaneous nodules. Clinical clues can aid in the diagnosis of the panniculitides, but pathology is often necessary to confirm the diagnosis. In general, the pediatric panniculitides are treated with supportive care and management of any underlying disorders, but certain types such as infectious panniculitis and malignancy-related panniculitis require more specific therapies.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Child; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Inflammation; Panniculitis; Skin
PubMed: 20666823
DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8019.2010.01336.x -
Giornale Italiano Di Dermatologia E... Aug 2013This paper will give a comprehensive view of the most frequent panniculitides seen in childhood, with emphasis on the types exclusively found in infancy, and for all... (Review)
Review
This paper will give a comprehensive view of the most frequent panniculitides seen in childhood, with emphasis on the types exclusively found in infancy, and for all other types of panniculitides also found in adults. Aim of this paper is also to analyze the clinical differences between panniculitis in childhood and in adulthood, and to give reliable histopathologic criteria for a specific diagnosis. A review of the literature is here integrated by authors' personal contribution. Panniculitides in children is a heterogeneous group of diseases, as well as in adult life, characterized by inflammation of the subcutaneous fat. Only very few types of panniculitis are exclusively found in childhood, such as Sclerema neonatorum and subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn, while the vast majority of the other types may be found both in paediatric age and in adults. Furthermore, this paper will consider in detail panniculitis according to their frequency, such as Erythema nodosum, Lupus panniculitis, Cold panniculitis, panniculitis in Behçet disease, and poststeroid panniculitis. It will also describe rare forms of panniculitis, such as Eosinophilic panniculitis (a pathological entity debated by many authors), Subcutaneous panniculitis T-cell lymphoma, and the different forms of the so call "Lipophagic panniculitis", encompassing respectively the febrile relapsing panniculitis of Weber-Christian disease and the non-relapsing form of Rothmann-Makai disease. For each type of panniculitis considered concise information will be given about epidemiology, etiology, clinical findings, laboratory data, prognosis and therapy, while histopathologic findings will be described in detail.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Age of Onset; Behcet Syndrome; Cellulitis; Child; Child, Preschool; Cold Temperature; Diagnosis, Differential; Eosinophilia; Erythema Nodosum; Fat Necrosis; Granuloma Annulare; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous; Panniculitis; Panniculitis, Nodular Nonsuppurative; Sclerema Neonatorum; Subcutaneous Fat; alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency
PubMed: 23900159
DOI: No ID Found -
Dermatologic Therapy Jan 2021A method for the treatment of panniculitis caused by progesterone injection is introduced. Sixteen patients achieved good results. This is a 9-year single center... (Review)
Review
A method for the treatment of panniculitis caused by progesterone injection is introduced. Sixteen patients achieved good results. This is a 9-year single center retrospective study. Of all the 5633 patients who received progesterone injection, 16 developed panniculitis at the injection site. Pathological examination confirmed the occurrence of panniculitis. The patient received physical therapy. These treatments are determined by the course of the patient. Compared with patients without panniculitis, patients with panniculitis received more than one injection of progesterone. In 16 patients, symptoms and local signs disappeared completely in 15 patients. One patient did not take physical therapy according to the doctor's advice after the treatment improved. However, 1 month later, the patient went to see the doctor again and received the relevant physical therapy, and still achieved good results. Progesterone injection may lead to panniculitis, which is rare but may cause serious consequences. Physical therapy can be effective.
Topics: Humans; Panniculitis; Physical Therapy Modalities; Progesterone; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 33141504
DOI: 10.1111/dth.14501 -
Dermatologic Clinics Oct 2008The panniculitides include a group of disorders of varied etiology that manifest as inflamed nodules in the subcutaneous tissue. They are rarely seen in infants and... (Review)
Review
The panniculitides include a group of disorders of varied etiology that manifest as inflamed nodules in the subcutaneous tissue. They are rarely seen in infants and children. The panniculitides of the newborn represent a unique response of the infant's fat to different injuries, and are a specific type of panniculitis that is only seen in neonates and very young infants. These specific panniculitides of children include subcutaneous fat of the newborn, poststeroid panniculitis, sclerema neonatorum, and cold panniculitis. This article reviews in detail the specific types of panniculitis of the newborn and discusses the pediatric aspects of the panniculitis that is often seen in adults.
Topics: Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Panniculitis; Skin
PubMed: 18793982
DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2008.05.010 -
Current Rheumatology Reports Aug 2017Polyarthritis can have numerous reasons and may thus constitute a challenge for differential diagnosis. One rare potential reason for sterile polyarthritis is underlying... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Polyarthritis can have numerous reasons and may thus constitute a challenge for differential diagnosis. One rare potential reason for sterile polyarthritis is underlying pancreatic disease with systemic hyperlipasemia, most often accompanied by painful skin lesions caused by a subcutaneous inflammatory process known as panniculitis. Systematic evidence on pancreatic panniculitis and polyarthritis is limited, particularly regarding its feature as facultative paraneoplasia with underlying intra- or even extra-pancreatic malignancy. Therefore, we will summarize the current knowledge about this orphan disease including epidemiological, pathophysiological, diagnostic, and treatment aspects in the present review.
RECENT FINDINGS
Although direct evidence is lacking, it is highly probable that pancreatic polyarthritis and panniculitis are caused by peripheral lipolytic activity of lipase systemically circulating due to benign (e.g., acute or chronic pancreatitis) or malign (e.g., acinar cell carcinoma (ACC) or adenocarcinoma) pancreatic disease. In the latter case, pancreatic polyarthritis and panniculitis are associated with poor outcome. Pancreatic polyarthritis and panniculitis should always be included into diagnostic considerations, and once suspected, a thorough work-up to identify the underlying disease has to be performed.
Topics: Arthritis; Humans; Lipase; Pancreatic Diseases; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Panniculitis; Prognosis
PubMed: 28844095
DOI: 10.1007/s11926-017-0690-4 -
Giornale Italiano Di Dermatologia E... Aug 2013Panniculitides encompass a great number of different entities; however, once a vasculitis has been detected histopathologically within the subcutaneous tissue, the... (Review)
Review
Panniculitides encompass a great number of different entities; however, once a vasculitis has been detected histopathologically within the subcutaneous tissue, the differential diagnosis is mainly restricted to polyarteritis (panarteritis) nodosa (PAN), nodular vasculitis (NV), and Bazin's erythema induratum (EI). Patients with PAN may have the disease confined to the skin, but must be followed over a long period because many of them develop late systemic disease. The NV/EI group represents by far the most common type of lobular panniculitis with vasculitis; we prefer keeping the distinction between the two entities by underlining the equation NV positive tuberculin skin test = EI. Other lobular panniculitides with vasculitis are exceedingly rare and set in a systemic background which can be infectious (lepromatous leprosy panniculitides) or autoimmune/dysreactive (neutrophilic lobular panniculitis in rheumatoid arthritis, lobular panniculitis in inflammatory bowel disease).
Topics: Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Disease Progression; Erythema Induratum; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Leprosy, Lepromatous; Panniculitis; Panniculitis, Nodular Nonsuppurative; Polyarteritis Nodosa; Subcutaneous Fat; Thrombophlebitis; Vasculitis; Vasculitis, Leukocytoclastic, Cutaneous
PubMed: 23900160
DOI: No ID Found