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Medicina Clinica Jun 2016Mesenteric panniculitis is a condition characterized by chronic nonspecific inflammation of the mesentery. There is little and often confusing information about its... (Review)
Review
Mesenteric panniculitis is a condition characterized by chronic nonspecific inflammation of the mesentery. There is little and often confusing information about its characteristics and the approach to take once it has been demonstrated by an imaging test. We propose to describe the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, radiological and pathological features of the patients with mesenteric panniculitis reported in the literature, as well as possible disorders causal or associated with mesenteric panniculitis, in the opinion of the authors of each study. Finally, we will review the different therapeutic options used and the response to them. To that end a literature search was performed from the main medical databases selecting ítems with information on these aspects. This information was collected on a database stored in SPSS software for further analysis and summary.
Topics: Global Health; Humans; Panniculitis, Peritoneal; Prevalence; Risk Factors
PubMed: 26971978
DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2016.01.015 -
La Revue de Medecine Interne Nov 2016Panniculitis is an inflammation of the subcutaneous fat. Skin biopsy plays a critical role in the differential diagnosis of panniculitis. The most common approach to... (Review)
Review
Panniculitis is an inflammation of the subcutaneous fat. Skin biopsy plays a critical role in the differential diagnosis of panniculitis. The most common approach to diagnosis relies on the differentiation between predominantly septal or lobular panniculitis, followed by the distinction between lesions with and without vasculitis. It is also very important to submit a part of the skin biopsy for microbiological analysis and for T-cell clonal expansion if T-cell lymphoma is suspected. Erythema nodosum, the most frequent septal panniculitis, has many causes and in its typical clinical presentation, does not require skin biopsy. In other panniculitis, diagnosis is based on the integration of the clinical and histological data, which renders a deep cutaneous biopsy necessary. Periarteritis nodosa, a septal panniculitis with vasculitis characterized by subcutaneous nodules and livedo racemosa, can be associated with systemic involvement. Nodular thrombophlebitis needs search for associated coagulopathy, Behçet's disease, periarteritis nodosa or Buerger's disease. Lobular panniculitis are classified according to the nature of cells present in the inflammatory infiltrate. If there is a lymphocytic infiltration, lupus panniculitis is difficult to differentiate from subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma. If there are histiocytes, it can be a sarcoidosis, a cytophagic histiocytic panniculitis or, in newborn, a subcutaneous fat necrosis. Neutrophilic panniculitis needs careful clinic-pathologic correlation. Treatment of panniculitis can be challenging and is based on the histopathological findings. Frequently, the precise cause of panniculitis cannot be established from the outset, so it is important to follow-up patients and not hesitate to repeat the skin biopsy.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Erythema Nodosum; Humans; Panniculitis; Panniculitis, Lupus Erythematosus; Polyarteritis Nodosa; Skin Diseases
PubMed: 27321570
DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2016.05.008 -
Dermatologic Clinics Oct 2008Factitial panniculitides are subcutaneous tissue injuries produced by external agents or actions. In most cases, factitial panniculitis is caused by self-injection of... (Review)
Review
Factitial panniculitides are subcutaneous tissue injuries produced by external agents or actions. In most cases, factitial panniculitis is caused by self-injection of different substances. Factitial panniculitis can also appear as an iatrogenic consequence of injections of drugs or immunization agents. The clinical features of factitial panniculitis are quite variable, depending on the inciting agent. The histopathology of factitial panniculitis usually shows a pattern of an acute lobular panniculitis associated with fat necrosis and an abundant inflammatory infiltrate predominantly composed of neutrophils.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Drug Eruptions; Humans; Panniculitis; Skin
PubMed: 18793986
DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2008.05.013 -
Dermatologic Therapy 2010Infection-induced panniculitis may result from a number of microbes including bacteria, fungi, and parasites. Viruses have also been implicated as a cause. This type of... (Review)
Review
Infection-induced panniculitis may result from a number of microbes including bacteria, fungi, and parasites. Viruses have also been implicated as a cause. This type of panniculitis can occur as a primary infection by direct inoculation of infectious microorganisms into the subcutaneous tissue, or secondarily via microbial hematogenous dissemination with subsequent infection of the subcutaneous tissue. Panniculitis is rarely viewed solely in terms of infectious causes. Also, subcutaneous infections are infrequently viewed in terms of infection-induced panniculitis but rather as cutaneous infections with subcutaneous involvement. Little information exists specifically on the subject of infection-induced panniculitis outside of the realm of case reports and case series. In this review, the present authors address panniculitis from the vantage point of infectious causes, focusing on those microorganisms with infection-induced panniculitis reports in the literature. Diagnosis and treatment are also discussed.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Bacterial Infections; Humans; Mycoses; Panniculitis; Parasitic Diseases; Virus Diseases
PubMed: 20666820
DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8019.2010.01333.x -
Dermatologic Clinics Oct 2008Sclerosing panniculitis is a chronic panniculitis characterized by skin induration and hyperpigmentation of one or both legs that often occurs in patients who have... (Review)
Review
Sclerosing panniculitis is a chronic panniculitis characterized by skin induration and hyperpigmentation of one or both legs that often occurs in patients who have venous insufficiency. The indurated plaques are often painful and the legs frequently have a characteristic "inverted wine bottle" appearance. Histopathology is characterized by mostly lobular panniculitis with necrosis of fat and without vasculitis, and in fully developed lesions by septal sclerosis and membranocystic changes. Treatment of sclerosing panniculitis includes compression therapy with graded stockings and anabolic steroids.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Panniculitis; Scleroderma, Localized; Skin
PubMed: 18793983
DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2008.06.001 -
Giornale Italiano Di Dermatologia E... Apr 2018Panniculitides represent a heterogeneous group of inflammatory diseases that are traditionally considered one of the most difficult challenge for clinicians and... (Review)
Review
Panniculitides represent a heterogeneous group of inflammatory diseases that are traditionally considered one of the most difficult challenge for clinicians and pathologists. They may occur in a variety of dermato/rheumatologic diseases and are of particular relevance for clinicians dealing with such pathologies, including immune-mediated/autoimmune and autoinflammatory disorders. In fact, panniculitides can be the initial sign of presentation of a dermato/rheumatologic disease, thereby providing the physician with important clues to the correct diagnosis. Then, panniculitides may serve as an easy-to-access indicator of both systemic involvement and prognostic outcome in dermato/rheumatologic disorders. This review will focus on clinical and histopathological findings of panniculitides in the setting of dermato/rheumatologic disorders and discusses the value of skin biopsies and consequent histopathological examination in the diagnosis of these disorders with the help of a logarithmic table.
Topics: Biopsy; Humans; Panniculitis; Prognosis; Rheumatic Diseases; Skin Diseases
PubMed: 29249125
DOI: 10.23736/S0392-0488.17.05845-X -
The Veterinary Clinics of North... Jan 2019Canine sterile pyogranulomatous dermatitis and panniculitis is an infrequently described syndrome. No autoantigen, or exogenous antigen, inflammatory stimulus has been... (Review)
Review
Canine sterile pyogranulomatous dermatitis and panniculitis is an infrequently described syndrome. No autoantigen, or exogenous antigen, inflammatory stimulus has been identified. This syndrome is characterized by pyogranulomatous nodules, plaques, and ulcers of variable extent and severity. Prodromal and concurrent nonspecific clinical and hematologic signs of inflammation may occur. This waxing and waning condition is typically responsive to systemic immunomodulation. Lifelong therapy may be required to prevent relapse. Differential diagnoses include bacterial and fungal nodular dermatoses, neoplasia, and cutaneous reactive histiocytosis. Diagnosis is achieved via diagnostic exclusion of infectious causes and supportive histopathology findings.
Topics: Animals; Dermatitis; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Granuloma; Panniculitis; Veterinary Medicine
PubMed: 30390792
DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2018.08.003 -
The American Journal of Dermatopathology Oct 2020Neutrophilic infiltrates in panniculitis can be seen in different clinical-pathological entities. There are a "mostly neutrophilic inflammatory infiltrate" in some... (Review)
Review
Neutrophilic infiltrates in panniculitis can be seen in different clinical-pathological entities. There are a "mostly neutrophilic inflammatory infiltrate" in some entities classically defined as neutrophilic panniculitis and already included in algorithms, such as enzymatic panniculitis, infective and factitial ones, erythema induratum, or subcutaneous Sweet syndrome, but there are also other panniculitis where neutrophils are frequently observed such as panniculitis associated with inflammatory bowel disease or rheumatoid arthritis, or drug-induced panniculitis associated with BRAF inhibitors, and finally, some panniculitis are better classified in other panniculitides groups but may present with neutrophil-rich variants, such as the neutrophil-rich subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn. We review the main clinical and histopathological features of most of these panniculitides and construct a diagnostic algorithm including these diseases.
Topics: Algorithms; Autoimmune Diseases; Behcet Syndrome; Erythema Nodosum; Foreign Bodies; Humans; Neutrophils; Pancreatic Diseases; Panniculitis; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Skin Diseases, Infectious; Sweet Syndrome; alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency
PubMed: 32956080
DOI: 10.1097/DAD.0000000000001597 -
Dermatologic Clinics Oct 2008Infective panniculitides are infections of the subcutaneous fat induced by any kind of micro-organism. They have rarely been considered as an entity within the spectrum... (Review)
Review
Infective panniculitides are infections of the subcutaneous fat induced by any kind of micro-organism. They have rarely been considered as an entity within the spectrum of the panniculitis. Because of the increase in the immunosuppressive population, cutaneous infections' incidence is growing and atypical clinical presentations can be found. In this article, we analyze the etiology, clinical picture, histopathologic findings, diagnostics tools, and treatment of the more relevant infective panniculitis. We divide them according to the causative micro-organisms in bacterial, mycobacterial, fungal, and viral panniculitis.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Panniculitis; Skin
PubMed: 18793979
DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2008.05.005 -
Dermatologic Clinics Oct 2008Pancreatic panniculitis is an uncommon complication of pancreatic disease, most frequently pancreatitis and pancreatic carcinoma. The pathogenesis of the process remains... (Review)
Review
Pancreatic panniculitis is an uncommon complication of pancreatic disease, most frequently pancreatitis and pancreatic carcinoma. The pathogenesis of the process remains unknown, but possibly the release of pancreatic enzymes may induce permeability of the microcirculation and cause fat necrosis. Clinically, pancreatic panniculitis presents with tender, ill-defined, red-brown nodules in the lower extremities that may ulcerate and drain an oily substance and usually precedes pancreatic disease. The histopathologic picture consists of a mostly lobular panniculitis without vasculitis, with the presence of the typical ghost cells that correspond to necrotic and calcified adipocytes. Treatment should be directed at the underlying pancreatic disease.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Pancreatic Diseases; Panniculitis; Prognosis; Skin
PubMed: 18793978
DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2008.05.009