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Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of... Oct 1999Pantothenic acid is the antipellagra vitamin essential to many animals for growth and health. It is widely distributed in nature; appreciable amounts are found in liver... (Review)
Review
Pantothenic acid is the antipellagra vitamin essential to many animals for growth and health. It is widely distributed in nature; appreciable amounts are found in liver and some microorganisms. Bound forms of pantothenic acid, such as coenzyme A and 4'-phosphopantetheine, play important roles in various metabolic processes, especially, in fatty acid synthesis and degradation.
Topics: Animals; Coenzyme A; Humans; Pantothenic Acid
PubMed: 10540865
DOI: No ID Found -
Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of... Dec 2004
Review
Topics: Biological Assay; Biomarkers; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Coenzyme A; Foot; Humans; Pantothenic Acid; Reference Values; Sensation Disorders; Specimen Handling; Syndrome; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
PubMed: 15658299
DOI: No ID Found -
Nutrition Reviews Jun 1955
Topics: Humans; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Nutritional Sciences; Nutritional Status; Pantothenic Acid
PubMed: 14384097
DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.1955.tb03467.x -
Alternative Medicine Review : a Journal... Sep 2011
Topics: Chronic Disease; Humans; Pantothenic Acid; Vitamin B Complex
PubMed: 21951027
DOI: No ID Found -
Vitamins and Hormones 1991In summary, the vitamin pantothenic acid is an integral part of the acylation carriers, CoA and acyl carrier protein (ACP). The vitamin is readily available from diverse... (Review)
Review
In summary, the vitamin pantothenic acid is an integral part of the acylation carriers, CoA and acyl carrier protein (ACP). The vitamin is readily available from diverse dietary sources, a fact which is underscored by the difficulty encountered in attempting to induce pantothenate deficiency. Although pantothenic acid deficiency has not been linked with any particular disease, deficiency of the vitamin results in generalized malaise clinically. In view of the fact that pantothenate is required for the synthesis of CoA, it is surprising that tissue CoA levels are not altered in pantothenate deficiency. This suggests that the cell is equipped to conserve its pantothenate content, possibly by a recycling mechanism for utilizing pantothenate obtained from degradation of pantothenate-containing molecules. Although the steps involved in the conversion of pantothenate to CoA have been characterized, much remains to be done to understand the regulation of CoA synthesis. In particular, in view of what is known about the in vitro regulation of pantothenate kinase, it is surprising that the enzyme is active in vivo, since factors that are known to inhibit the enzyme are present in excess of the concentrations known to inhibit the enzyme. Thus, other physiological regulatory factors (which are largely unknown) must counteract the effects of these inhibitors, since the pantothenate-to-CoA conversion is operative in vivo. Another step in the biosynthetic pathway that may be rate limiting is the conversion of 4'-phosphopantetheine (4'-PP) to dephospho-CoA, a step catalyzed by 4'-phosphopantetheine adenylyl-transferase. In mammalian systems, this step may occur in the mitochondria or in the cytosol. The teleological significance of these two pathways remains to be established, particularly since mitochondria are capable of transporting CoA from the cytosol. Altered homeostasis of CoA has been observed in diverse disease states including starvation, diabetes, alcoholism, Reye syndrome (RS), medium-chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency, and certain tumors. Hormones, such as glucocorticoids, insulin, and glucagon, as well as drugs, such as clofibrate, also affect tissue CoA levels. It is not known whether the abnormal metabolism observed in these conditions is the result of altered CoA metabolism or whether CoA levels change in response to hormonal or nonhormonal perturbations brought about in these conditions. In other words, a cause-effect relation remains to be elucidated. It is also not known whether the altered CoA metabolism (be it cause or result of abnormal metabolism) can be implicated in the manifestations of a disease. Besides CoA, pantothenic acid is also an integral part of the ACP molecule.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Topics: Acylation; Animals; Coenzyme A; Hormones; Humans; Nutritional Requirements; Pantothenic Acid
PubMed: 1746161
DOI: 10.1016/s0083-6729(08)60684-6 -
American Journal of Clinical Dermatology 2002Pantothenic acid is essential to normal epithelial function. It is a component of coenzyme A, which serves as a cofactor for a variety of enzyme-catalyzed reactions that... (Review)
Review
Pantothenic acid is essential to normal epithelial function. It is a component of coenzyme A, which serves as a cofactor for a variety of enzyme-catalyzed reactions that are important in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fatty acids, proteins, gluconeogenesis, sterols, steroid hormones, and porphyrins. The topical use of dexpanthenol, the stable alcoholic analog of pantothenic acid, is based on good skin penetration and high local concentrations of dexpanthenol when administered in an adequate vehicle, such as water-in-oil emulsions. Topical dexpanthenol acts like a moisturizer, improving stratum corneum hydration, reducing transepidermal water loss and maintaining skin softness and elasticity. Activation of fibroblast proliferation, which is of relevance in wound healing, has been observed both in vitro and in vivo with dexpanthenol. Accelerated re-epithelization in wound healing, monitored by means of the transepidermal water loss as an indicator of the intact epidermal barrier function, has also been seen. Dexpanthenol has been shown to have an anti-inflammatory effect on experimental ultraviolet-induced erythema. Beneficial effects of dexpanthenol have been observed in patients who have undergone skin transplantation or scar treatment, or therapy for burn injuries and different dermatoses. The stimulation of epithelization, granulation and mitigation of itching were the most prominent effects of formulations containing dexpanthenol. In double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trials, dexpanthenol was evaluated for its efficacy in improving wound healing. Epidermal wounds treated with dexpanthenol emulsion showed a reduction in erythema, and more elastic and solid tissue regeneration. Monitoring of transepidermal water loss showed a significant acceleration of epidermal regeneration as a result of dexpanthenol therapy, as compared with the vehicle. In an irritation model, pretreatment with dexpanthenol cream resulted in significantly less damage to the stratum corneum barrier, compared with no pretreatment. Adjuvant skin care with dexpanthenol considerably improved the symptoms of skin irritation, such as dryness of the skin, roughness, scaling, pruritus, erythema, erosion/fissures, over 3 to 4 weeks. Usually, the topical administration of dexpanthenol preparations is well tolerated, with minimal risk of skin irritancy or sensitization.
Topics: Absorption; Administration, Topical; Animals; Dermatologic Agents; Epidermis; Humans; Pantothenic Acid; Skin Diseases; Wound Healing
PubMed: 12113650
DOI: 10.2165/00128071-200203060-00005 -
International Journal of Toxicology Dec 2022The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) assessed the safety of Panthenol, Pantothenic Acid, and 5 derivatives as used in cosmetics. These ingredients...
The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) assessed the safety of Panthenol, Pantothenic Acid, and 5 derivatives as used in cosmetics. These ingredients named in this report are reported to function in cosmetics as hair conditioning agents, and Panthenol also is reported to function as a skin-conditioning agent-humectant and a solvent. The Panel reviewed relevant data for these ingredients, and concluded that these 7 ingredients are safe in cosmetics in the present practices of use concentration described in this safety assessment.
Topics: Consumer Product Safety; Cosmetics; Hygroscopic Agents; Pantothenic Acid; Risk Assessment; Solvents
PubMed: 36177798
DOI: 10.1177/10915818221124809 -
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition Jan 1997
Review
Topics: Animals; Biological Availability; Food; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Pantothenic Acid
PubMed: 9023484
DOI: No ID Found -
Bibliotheca Nutritio Et Dieta 1966
Review
Topics: Antimetabolites; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Pantothenic Acid; Vitamins
PubMed: 5331135
DOI: 10.1159/000385072 -
The American Journal of Clinical... 1955
Topics: Humans; Pantothenic Acid
PubMed: 14398646
DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/3.4.298