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Annual International Conference of the... Jul 2019This study aims to apply Mask Regional Convolutional Neural Network (Mask R-CNN) to cervical cancer screening using pap smear histological slides. Based on our current... (Review)
Review
This study aims to apply Mask Regional Convolutional Neural Network (Mask R-CNN) to cervical cancer screening using pap smear histological slides. Based on our current literature review, this is the first attempt of using Mask R-CNN to detect and analyze the nucleus of the cervical cell, screening for normal and abnormal nuclear features. The data set were liquid-based histological slides obtained from Thammasat University (TU) Hospital. The slides contained both cervical cells and various artifacts such as white blood cells, mimicking the slides obtained in actual clinical settings. The proposed algorithm achieved mean average precision (mAP) of 57.8%, accuracy of 91.7%, sensitivity of 91.7%, and specificity of 91.7% per image. As we needed to evaluate the efficiency of our algorithm in comparison to single cell classification algorithm (Zhang et al., IEEE JBHI, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 1633, 2017), we modified our method to also classify single cells on TU dataset test using Mask R-CNN segmentation. The results obtained had an accuracy of 89.8%, sensitivity of 72.5%, and specificity of 94.3%.
Topics: Deep Learning; Early Detection of Cancer; Female; Humans; Papanicolaou Test; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Vaginal Smears
PubMed: 31947460
DOI: 10.1109/EMBC.2019.8856369 -
Comprehensive Therapy Jan 1998Using the Pap smear is an effective means to screen for cervical cancer. This articles discusses the importance of performing a Pap smear of the vagina to detect vaginal... (Review)
Review
Using the Pap smear is an effective means to screen for cervical cancer. This articles discusses the importance of performing a Pap smear of the vagina to detect vaginal cancer or its precursors.
Topics: Aged; Female; Humans; Hysterectomy; Middle Aged; Papanicolaou Test; Sensitivity and Specificity; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Vaginal Diseases; Vaginal Neoplasms; Vaginal Smears
PubMed: 9452896
DOI: No ID Found -
The Medical Clinics of North America Mar 2023Cervical cancer screening is an essential component of preventative health care. Although rates of cervical cancer have decreased over the last 50 years, survival has... (Review)
Review
Cervical cancer screening is an essential component of preventative health care. Although rates of cervical cancer have decreased over the last 50 years, survival has not changed dramatically, and there are significant discrepancies in disease detection by race. Multiple national organizations contribute to the recommendations for cervical cancer screening timing, testing modalities, and management. This article aims to summarize the current understanding of cervical cancer pathogenesis, options for cervical cancer screening, and the shift in guidelines toward risk-based clinical management.
Topics: Female; Humans; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Early Detection of Cancer; Papillomavirus Infections; Delivery of Health Care; Mass Screening; Papanicolaou Test; Papillomaviridae
PubMed: 36759096
DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2022.10.006 -
Tropical Doctor Jan 2019This cross-sectional descriptive study, aimed at accessing the accuracy of Pap smear in diagnosing cervical precancerous lesions, was carried out between 3 January and...
This cross-sectional descriptive study, aimed at accessing the accuracy of Pap smear in diagnosing cervical precancerous lesions, was carried out between 3 January and 30 April 2017. All women screened for cervical dysplasia by means of Pap smear with biopsy done for confirmation were subsequently recruited. Data were analysed using SPSS 20.0. A total of 231 women were screened for cervical dysplasia using Pap smear with 75 biopsies performed. Cervical dysplasia was noticed in 54 cases. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive and negative predictive values of Pap smear were 55.5%, 75%, 88.2% and 33.3%, respectively. The sensitivity of Pap smear remains low. Therefore, biopsy should be done in cases of macroscopic cervical architectural changes irrespective of the result of the Pap smear. Moreover, to reduce the number of women with cervical precancerous lesions, the government should make available financial resources to set up HPV vaccination programmes rather than screening programmes.
Topics: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Mass Screening; Middle Aged; Papanicolaou Test; Sensitivity and Specificity; Uterine Cervical Dysplasia; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Vaginal Smears; Young Adult
PubMed: 30222058
DOI: 10.1177/0049475518798532 -
Acta Cytologica 2017This editorial by Dr. Leopold G. Koss appeared in the January 1980 issue of Acta Cytologica. It addressed recent critical opinions in the general media on cervical... (Review)
Review
This editorial by Dr. Leopold G. Koss appeared in the January 1980 issue of Acta Cytologica. It addressed recent critical opinions in the general media on cervical screening and its costs. It marked the beginning of a more critical approach to cytology by the lay press, health care providers, and epidemiologists. It was also the first of a series of highly informative editorials by Dr. Koss that illustrated the critical issues of cytology during the 1980s. The elegance and clarity of his articles reflect the high standard of editorial writing in Acta Cytologica at this time. These articles are reviewed and excerpts are presented.
Topics: Early Detection of Cancer; Female; Humans; Mass Screening; Papanicolaou Test; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Vaginal Smears
PubMed: 28693015
DOI: 10.1159/000477653 -
The Australian & New Zealand Journal of... Nov 1987Papanicolaou smear screening for cervical cancer has become an established practice in most developed countries. This is because the cervix is relatively accessible to... (Review)
Review
Papanicolaou smear screening for cervical cancer has become an established practice in most developed countries. This is because the cervix is relatively accessible to investigation and treatment, and early stages in the morphogenesis of cervical cancer are both recognizable and easily treated. The Pap smear is a valid test. It is simple, relatively inexpensive, reliable, and free of risk. Although the test has far from perfect sensitivity, it has high specificity, and false-positive results are rare. In most reported series, the majority of false-negative results have been found to be attributable to collection errors rather than laboratory errors. Despite the importance of Pap smear screening, controlled prospective trials have not been undertaken to determine its efficiency in reducing cervical cancer incidence and mortality. However, countries with well-organized programmes, wide population coverage and correct follow-up appear to have had some impact on mortality from cervical cancer. Nevertheless, coverage of high-risk groups, particularly women over 40 years of age, remains the greatest problem. Recommendations on the frequency of testing vary considerably. Statistical models indicate triennial testing may deliver almost all of the effectiveness of annual testing at a substantially reduced cost, but the numerous reports of false-negative results argue strongly in favour of annual screening. It is possible that these problems may be solved in the future by increasing the sensitivity of the test and/or by the use of additional tests.
Topics: Female; Humans; Papanicolaou Test; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Vaginal Smears
PubMed: 3331082
DOI: 10.1111/j.1479-828x.1987.tb01008.x -
CA: a Cancer Journal For Clinicians 1986
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Papanicolaou Test; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Vaginal Smears
PubMed: 3089548
DOI: 10.3322/canjclin.36.4.254-b -
Gynecologic Oncology Feb 2021
Topics: Female; Humans; Papanicolaou Test; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Vaginal Smears
PubMed: 33500117
DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2021.01.004 -
Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health Feb 2022Although multiple studies have shown that resettled refugee women are less likely to receive preventative cancer screenings like pap smears and mammograms, a small...
Although multiple studies have shown that resettled refugee women are less likely to receive preventative cancer screenings like pap smears and mammograms, a small number have demonstrated the opposite. This retrospective chart review, conducted between January 2017 and October 2018, compares pap smear and mammogram rates of patients seen in a refugee-specific OB/GYN clinic with patients from the general OB/GYN clinic at the same institution. Data from 298 patients (149 refugee and 149 general clinic patients matched by age and date-of-visit) were analyzed. Pap smear screening rates were 90.60% in the refugee group and 73.83% in the general group [p < 0.009, aOR 3.46 (1.36-8.81)], while mammogram screening rates were 36.84% and 38.60%, respectively (p = 0.46). The provision of holistic services meeting refugee women's unique needs can effectively increase pap smear screening rates.
Topics: Female; Humans; Mass Screening; Papanicolaou Test; Refugees; Retrospective Studies; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Vaginal Smears
PubMed: 34714467
DOI: 10.1007/s10903-021-01297-2 -
Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia =... 2016In Brazil, in 2012, 6.4% of the prison population was made up of women. The aim of the study was to verify the coverage of the Pap smear according to sociodemographic...
In Brazil, in 2012, 6.4% of the prison population was made up of women. The aim of the study was to verify the coverage of the Pap smear according to sociodemographic characteristics and health problems reported among incarcerated women. Cross-sectional study conducted from August 2012 to July 2013, considering the records of 702 inmates aged between 25 and 64 years and the duration of imprisonment (not less than 12 months). The average age of the women surveyed was 34.7 years. The performance of cervical cytology was reported by 26.3% of inmates. There were no difference in prevalence according to selected variables. The containment condition enables the implementation of preventive measures such as offering and realization of Pap smear for most inmates. The observed results are worrying and differ significantly from those presented in the national diagnosis on the health of incarcerated women.
Topics: Adult; Brazil; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Papanicolaou Test; Prisoners
PubMed: 27849280
DOI: 10.1590/1980-5497201600030017