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BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Sep 2022
Topics: Female; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Mass Screening; Papanicolaou Test; Rectum; Sexual Behavior; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Vaginal Smears
PubMed: 36180082
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.o2319 -
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer... 2012The study was planned with the purpose of examining the attitude of women who have pap-smear test for the early diagnosis of cervical cancer, factors affecting their...
OBJECTIVE
The study was planned with the purpose of examining the attitude of women who have pap-smear test for the early diagnosis of cervical cancer, factors affecting their decisions and their feelings and experiences during this period.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A phenomenological method was used. Data were collected between March 2012 and April 2012 using standard and purposive samplings from 17 women. A detailed interview with women were held in their houses and recorded. The data collection tool consisted of two parts, one of which is information form with 17 questions identifying sociodemographic and cervical cancer risk factors of women and the second part is made up of semi-structured interview form with 15 alternative questions taking literature and the pap-smear test into consideration. Collected data were put into a written document. Content analysis was held by loading the documents into NVIVO 8 Statistical Programme.
RESULTS
The study comprised themes such as cervical risk factor, decision of taking pap-smear test, taking pap-smear test, knowledge about pap-smear test, relieving factors during pap-smear test, obstructive factors during pap-smear test, gynecological examination and feelings of women during and after pap-smear test while waiting for the results.
CONCLUSIONS
As women perceive gynaecological examinations differently from other examinations, they have different feelings in each process of the Pap smear test. Medical staff should advise women more clearly on the nature and advantages of the Pap-smear test.
Topics: Adult; Data Collection; Decision Making; Early Diagnosis; Female; Health Behavior; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Middle Aged; Papanicolaou Test; Patient Education as Topic; Physical Examination; Prognosis; Qualitative Research; Turkey; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Vaginal Smears
PubMed: 23317239
DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.11.5687 -
Journal of the American Association of... May 2023According to the World Health Organization, every minute, one woman is diagnosed with cervical cancer, and every 2 minutes, one woman dies of cervical cancer globally...
BACKGROUND
According to the World Health Organization, every minute, one woman is diagnosed with cervical cancer, and every 2 minutes, one woman dies of cervical cancer globally (World Health Organization, 2022). The biggest tragedy is 99% of cervical cancer is caused by a preventable sexually transmitted infection known as human papilloma virus (World Health Organization, 2022).
LOCAL PROBLEM
Many US universities indicate approximately 30% of their admissions are international students. The lack of Pap smear screening in this population has not been clearly identified by college health care providers.
METHODS
Fifty-one participants from a university located in the northeastern United States completed an online survey between September and October 2018. The survey was designed to identify disparities between United States residents and internationally admitted female students in their knowledge, attitudes, and practice of the Pap smear test.
INTERVENTIONS
One hundred percent of US students had heard of the Pap smear test as compared with 72.7% of international students ( p = .008); 86.8% of US students considered a Pap smear as opposed to 45.5% of international students ( p = .002), and 65.8% of US students previously had a Pap smear test as opposed to 18.8% of international students ( p = .007).
RESULTS
Results revealed statistically significant differences between US and internationally admitted female college students in knowledge, attitudes, and practice of the Pap smear test.
CONCLUSIONS
This project helps to bring awareness to college health clinicians the need for cervical cancer education and Pap smear screening for our college age international female population.
Topics: Female; Humans; Papanicolaou Test; Vaginal Smears; Universities; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Early Detection of Cancer; Students; Surveys and Questionnaires; New England; Mass Screening
PubMed: 36862575
DOI: 10.1097/JXX.0000000000000846 -
Cancer Aug 1997
Review
Topics: Cost-Benefit Analysis; False Negative Reactions; Female; Humans; Papanicolaou Test; Quality Assurance, Health Care; Quality Control; Risk Management; Vaginal Smears
PubMed: 9292735
DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19970825)81:4<198::aid-cncr2>3.0.co;2-m -
Reproductive Health Jun 2021This study aimed to understand the influence of health beliefs, demographic factors, and health characteristics on the intention to undergo Pap smear testing among women...
PURPOSES
This study aimed to understand the influence of health beliefs, demographic factors, and health characteristics on the intention to undergo Pap smear testing among women in rural areas of Indonesia.
METHODS
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted and 687 married women participated in the study. A convenience sampling was applied to recruit the participants from community health centres in a rural region in Indonesia. Self-reported data using the Health Beliefs Model Scale for Cervical Cancer and Pap Smear Test was collected to assess the health beliefs. Independent t-tests, simple logistic regressions, and a hierarchical logistic regression with 3 steps were run. Statistical significance for analysis was set at p < 0.05.
RESULTS
The mean age of the participants was 42 years (SD = 8.4). Among the participants, 81% of the women had never undergone a Pap smear test, and 61% (n = 422) of the women reported a high intention of receiving a Pap smear test. Income and education Health beliefs regarding Pap smear testing were different between women who had low and high intentions to undergo Pap smear testing. Health beliefs, such as perceived benefits, severity, barriers to Pap smear testing, and health motivation for a Pap smear test were associated with the intention to undergo Pap smear testing among rural Indonesian women. Overall, the hierarchical multiple regression with 3 steps containing demographic, health characteristics, and health belief variables accounted for 31% variance of the intention to undergo Pap smear test among the Indonesian rural women.
CONCLUSIONS
Low screening rates of cervical cancer and high intentions to do the screening exist among rural Indonesian women. Health beliefs significantly affect the rural women's intention of Pap smear testing in Indonesia.
Topics: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Early Detection of Cancer; Female; Health Belief Model; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Indonesia; Intention; Mass Screening; Middle Aged; Papanicolaou Test; Rural Population; Surveys and Questionnaires; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Vaginal Smears
PubMed: 34193195
DOI: 10.1186/s12978-021-01188-7 -
Cancer Oct 2011
Topics: Early Diagnosis; Female; Humans; Papanicolaou Test; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Vaginal Smears
PubMed: 21465462
DOI: 10.1002/cncr.26025 -
Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent... Feb 2014
Topics: Adolescent; Female; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Papanicolaou Test; Papillomavirus Vaccines; Patient Education as Topic; Time Factors; Vaginal Smears; Young Adult
PubMed: 24438581
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2013.12.002 -
Journal of Medical Screening Dec 2020In 2017, the Australian National Cervical Screening Program changed from two-yearly Pap smears between ages 18 and 69, to five-yearly human papillomavirus screening...
OBJECTIVE
In 2017, the Australian National Cervical Screening Program changed from two-yearly Pap smears between ages 18 and 69, to five-yearly human papillomavirus screening between ages 25 and 74 (the "Renewal"). This study investigated attitudes towards the changes, among individuals previously affected by cervical abnormalities/cervical cancer, personally or through a friend/relative.
METHODS
We conducted a thematic analysis of comments expressing personal history or a family/friend history of cervical abnormalities/cervical cancer as a reason for opposing changes to the cervical screening program. The comments were taken from a 20% random sample of 19,633 comments posted on the "Change.org" petition "Stop May 1st Changes to Pap Smears - Save Women's Lives" in February-March 2017.
RESULTS
There were 831 (20.8%) commenters who reported that they were concerned about a change in screening due to: feelings of increased personal vulnerability to cervical cancer due to their own personal history of cervical abnormalities; comparison of extended screening intervals and later age of first screening to their own experiences; and a perception of increased personal risk due to family history.
CONCLUSION
Women previously affected by cervical abnormalities or cervical cancer, personally or through a friend/relative, expressed concern about changes to cervical screening due to perceived increased risk and feeling vulnerable due to personal history.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Attitude to Health; Australia; Early Detection of Cancer; Female; Health Communication; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Mass Screening; Middle Aged; Papanicolaou Test; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Vaginal Smears; Young Adult
PubMed: 31771406
DOI: 10.1177/0969141319889648 -
Indiana Medicine : the Journal of the... Jul 1990Table 2 summarizes the management of the abnormal Pap smear. Management of dysplasia in this institution is aggressive--as destructive therapy of mild dysplasia is... (Review)
Review
Table 2 summarizes the management of the abnormal Pap smear. Management of dysplasia in this institution is aggressive--as destructive therapy of mild dysplasia is advised, opposed to watching the patient and treating only if the disease persists. The rationale for this is the 33% to 45% failure rate for follow-up appointments in the primarily inner-city population served. The key to follow-up is to repeat cervical cytology in all patients treated, even those treated with hysterectomy, every three months until two consecutive normal smears are obtained. At that time, surveillance and intervals may be modified, but screening should continue at least annually. The mortality rate of carcinoma of the cervix has dropped precipitously during the last 40 years, in part, from simple screening of the cervix with the Papanicolaou smear. The effort to treat premalignant changes has been rewarded. The use of the colposcope and destructive forms of therapy have allowed successful treatment of patients with less morbidity and mortality than the immediate reliance on cervical conization. Remember, conization is still indicated and prudent in selected patients. Following these guidelines may contribute to the downward trend.
Topics: Female; Humans; Papanicolaou Test; Patient Care Planning; Uterine Cervical Diseases; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Vaginal Smears
PubMed: 2197326
DOI: No ID Found -
Female Pelvic Medicine & Reconstructive... 2018The aim of this study was to determine the association between pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and non-human papillomavirus (HPV) Papanicolaou (Pap) smear abnormalities.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to determine the association between pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and non-human papillomavirus (HPV) Papanicolaou (Pap) smear abnormalities.
METHODS
This was a retrospective cohort study of women aged 40 to 70 years who presented for consultation at our institution between 2010 and 2015 and had results of a Pap smear and HPV test available within 5 years of their visit. We extracted demographic information, medical and social history, Pap smear, and HPV results from the electronic medical record. Associations between the presence of POP and non-HPV Pap smear abnormalities were estimated using univariable and multivariable analyses.
RESULTS
We reviewed 1590 charts and excluded 980 women, leaving 610 women in the study: 183 with POP and 427 without POP. Women with POP were significantly older (58.2 ± 7.2 vs 55.6 ± 6.6, P < 0.01) and more likely to have a remote (>10 year) history of abnormal Pap smear (24.0% vs 14.8%, P < 0.01). The rate of non-HPV-associated abnormal Pap smears was higher in the POP group than in the non-POP group (12/183 [6.6%] vs 12/427 [2.8%], P = 0.029). In the POP group, the rate of non-HPV Pap smear abnormality was significantly associated with increasing prolapse stage (stage 1: 0/16 [0%], stage 2: 5/77 [6.5%], stage 3: 3/73 [4.1%], stage 4: 4/17 [23.5%]; P = 0.02). After controlling for age and remote history of abnormal Pap smear, the odds ratio for non-HPV Pap smear abnormalities in the POP group remained significant (2.49; 95% confidence interval, 1.08-5.79).
CONCLUSIONS
Human papillomavirus-negative Pap smear abnormalities may be related to POP. Our findings have important implications for surgeons seeking to leave the cervix in situ in women with POP.
Topics: Aged; Case-Control Studies; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Negative Results; Papanicolaou Test; Papillomaviridae; Pelvic Organ Prolapse; Retrospective Studies; Vaginal Smears
PubMed: 28708758
DOI: 10.1097/SPV.0000000000000448