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Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Nov 2022Papiliotrema laurentii, previously classified as Cryptococcus laurentii, is an oleaginous yeast that has been isolated from soil, plants, and agricultural and industrial... (Review)
Review
Papiliotrema laurentii, previously classified as Cryptococcus laurentii, is an oleaginous yeast that has been isolated from soil, plants, and agricultural and industrial residues. This variety of habitats reflects the diversity of carbon sources that it can metabolize, including monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, glycerol, organic acids, and oils. Compared to other oleaginous yeasts, such as Yarrowia lipolytica and Rhodotorula toruloides, there is little information regarding its genetic and physiological characteristics. From a biotechnological point of view, P. laurentii can produce surfactants, enzymes, and high concentrations of lipids, which can be used as feedstock for fatty acid-derived products. Moreover, it can be applied for the biocontrol of phytopathogenic fungi, contributing to quality maintenance in post- and pre-harvest fruits. It can also improve mycorrhizal colonization, nitrogen nutrition, and plant growth. P. laurentii is also capable of degrading polyester and diesel derivatives and acting in the bioremediation of heavy metals. In this review, we present the current knowledge about the basic and applied aspects of P. laurentii, underscoring its biotechnological potential and future perspectives. KEY POINTS: • The physiological characteristics of P. laurentii confer a wide range of biotechnological applications. • The regulation of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase in P. laurentii is different from most other oleaginous yeasts. • The GEM is a valuable tool to guide the construction of engineered P. laurentii strains with improved features for bio-based products.
Topics: Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase; Glycerol; Yarrowia; Fatty Acids; Nitrogen; Carbon; Oils; Soil; Monosaccharides; Surface-Active Agents; Polyesters
PubMed: 36197457
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12208-2 -
Journal de Mycologie Medicale Jun 2021Papiliotrema laurentii (formerly Cryptococcus laurentii) and Papiliotrema albidus (formerly Cryptococcus albidus) are yeast-like environmental fungi which are largely...
Papiliotrema laurentii (formerly Cryptococcus laurentii) and Papiliotrema albidus (formerly Cryptococcus albidus) are yeast-like environmental fungi which are largely considered as non-pathogenic to humans. However, invasive infections caused by P. laurentii have recently been reported in some patients with an impaired immune system. Here, we describe the first case of P. laurentii fungemia in a premature, very low-birth-weight neonate in Kuwait and the Middle East. Repeated bloodstream isolates were obtained and were tentatively identified as P. laurentii by Vitek 2 yeast identification system. The identification of the yeast isolates as P. laurentii was confirmed by PCR-sequencing of ribosomal DNA (rDNA). Antifungal susceptibility testing data showed that the isolates were susceptible to amphotericin B, fluconazole and voriconazole but appeared resistant to caspofungin. The baby was successfully treated with liposomal amphotericin B.
Topics: Adult; Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; Basidiomycota; DNA, Ribosomal; Female; Fungemia; Humans; Infant, Low Birth Weight; Infant, Newborn; Kuwait; Male; Mycological Typing Techniques; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 33639444
DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2021.101123 -
Fungal Genetics and Biology : FG & B Jan 2023The production of yeast oil from lignocellulosic biomasses is impaired by inhibitors formed during the pretreatment step, mainly acetic acid. Herein, we applied Adaptive...
The production of yeast oil from lignocellulosic biomasses is impaired by inhibitors formed during the pretreatment step, mainly acetic acid. Herein, we applied Adaptive Laboratory Evolution (ALE) to select three Acetic acid Tolerant Strains (ATS) of P. laurentii UFV-1. Different phenotypes emerged alongside evolution. The ATS II presented trade-offs in the absence of acetic acid, suggesting that it displays a specialized phenotype of tolerance to growth on organic acids. On the other hand, ATS I and ATS III presented phenotypes associated with the behavior of generalists. ATS I was considered the most promising evolved strain as it displayed the oleaginous phenotype in all conditions tested. Thus, we applied whole-genome sequencing to detect the mutations that emerged in this strain during the ALE. We found alterations in genes encoding proteins involved in different cellular functions, including multidrug resistance (MDR) transporters, energy metabolism, detoxification, coenzyme recycling, and cell envelope remodeling. To evaluate acetic acid stress responses, both parental and ATS I strains were cultivated in chemostat mode in the absence and presence of acetic acid. In contrast to ATS I, the parental strain presented alterations in the cell envelope and cell size under acetic acid stress conditions. Furthermore, the parental strain and the ATS I presented differences regarding acetic acid assimilation. Contrary to the parental strain, the ATS I displayed an increase in unsaturated fatty acid content irrespective of acetic acid stress, which might be related to improved tolerance to acetic acid. Altogether, these results provided insights into the mechanisms involved with the acetic acid tolerance displayed by ATS I and the responses of P. laurentii to this stressful condition.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Phenotype; Membrane Transport Proteins
PubMed: 36528339
DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2022.103765 -
Fungal Genetics and Biology : FG & B Nov 2020Oleaginous yeasts have stood out due to their ability to accumulate oil, which can be used for fatty acid-derived biofuel production. Papiliotrema laurentii UFV-1 is...
Oleaginous yeasts have stood out due to their ability to accumulate oil, which can be used for fatty acid-derived biofuel production. Papiliotrema laurentii UFV-1 is capable of starting the lipid accumulation in the late exponential growth phase and achieves maximum lipid content at 48 h of growth; it is, therefore, interesting to study how its oleaginous phenotype is regulated. Herein, we provide for the first time insights into the regulation of this phenotype in P. laurentii UFV-1. We sequenced and assembled its genome, performed comparative genomic analyses and investigated its phylogenetic relationships with other yeasts. Gene expression and metabolomic analyses were carried out on the P. laurentii UFV-1 cultivated under a nitrogen-limiting condition. Our results indicated that the lipogenesis of P. laurentii might have taken place during evolution after the divergence of genera in the phylum Basidiomycota. Metabolomic data indicated the redirection of the carbon flux towards fatty acid synthesis in response to the nitrogen limitation. Furthermore, purine seems to be catabolized to recycle nitrogen and leucine catabolization may provide acetyl-CoA for fatty acid synthesis. Analyses of the expression of genes encoding certain enzymes involved with the oleaginous phenotype indicated that the NADP-dependent malic enzyme seems to play an important role in the supply of NADPH for fatty acid synthesis. There was a surprising decrease in the expression of the ACC1 gene, which encodes acetyl-CoA carboxylase, during lipid accumulation. Taken together, our results provided a basis for understanding lipid accumulation in P. laurentii under nitrogen limiting conditions.
Topics: Basidiomycota; Fatty Acids; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; Lipid Metabolism; Lipids; Nitrogen; Phenotype; Phylogeny
PubMed: 32911061
DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2020.103456 -
Journal of Medical Microbiology Nov 2020, formerly , is typically isolated from environmental sources, but also occasionally from clinical specimens. Other close relatives may be misidentified as by... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
, formerly , is typically isolated from environmental sources, but also occasionally from clinical specimens. Other close relatives may be misidentified as by phenotypic methods. usually lacks melanin; however, melanin-forming strains have also been isolated. Although melanin production by encapsulated budding yeasts is considered a major virulence factor, the comparative pathogenicity of melanin-forming and non-melanized environmental strains of has rarely been studied. We performed phenotypic and molecular identification and determined the genotypic heterogeneity among isolates. We also studied the pathogenicity of melanin-forming and non-melanized strains in normal and immunosuppressed mice. Eleven environmental isolates were tested for their identity by Vitek2 and/or ID32C systems, and by PCR-sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and D1/D2 domains of ribosomal DNA (rDNA). Genotypic heterogeneity was studied by sequence comparisons. The pathogenicity of melanized and non-melanized strains was studied in intravenously infected normal and immunosuppressed BALB/c mice. Phenotypic methods identified seven of the environmental isolates, while PCR-sequencing of the ITS region and D1/D2 domains of rDNA detected two and five isolates, respectively, as . Sequence comparisons demonstrated genotypic heterogeneity among . The remaining four environmental isolates yielded expected results. None of the normal mice infected with 10 cells of melanized/non-melanized strains died. Infection of immunosuppressed mice with 10 cells caused higher mortality with non-melanized , while viable counts in brain/lung tissue were higher in mice infected with a melanized strain and were detectable for up to 14 days. Phenotypic methods lacked specificity, but PCR-sequencing of D1/D2 domains correctly identified and sequence comparisons demonstrated the genotypic heterogeneity of the isolates. Both melanized and non-melanized strains at a higher dose caused mortality in immunosuppressed mice and persisted in brain/lung tissue up to 14 days post-infection.
Topics: Animals; Basidiomycota; DNA, Fungal; DNA, Intergenic; Environmental Microbiology; Female; Genetic Variation; Genotype; Immunocompromised Host; Melanins; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mycological Typing Techniques; Mycoses; Phylogeny; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Virulence; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 32945764
DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001254 -
Journal of Applied Microbiology Nov 2023This study aimed to determine the efficacy of the soil yeasts Papiliotrema laurentii S-08 and Saitozyma podzolica S-77 for plant growth promotion (PGP) and biocontrol of...
AIM
This study aimed to determine the efficacy of the soil yeasts Papiliotrema laurentii S-08 and Saitozyma podzolica S-77 for plant growth promotion (PGP) and biocontrol of wilt disease in brinjal plants while applying yeasts individually or as a consortium in pot experiments.
METHODS AND RESULTS
The yeasts were tested for various PGP characteristics and antagonistic activity against the phytopathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae. Both the yeast isolates demonstrated some PGP attributes as well as inhibited the growth of the phytopathogen. A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the yeast metabolites revealed the presence of several antifungal compounds. The pot experiment performed under nursery conditions showed that applying these yeasts, individually or in consortium, decreased the percent disease incidence in brinjal seedlings while significantly enhancing their growth parameters.
CONCLUSION
Papiliotrema laurentii S-08 and S. podzolica S-77 can be used in brinjal plants as plant growth promoters and also as biocontrol agents against the brinjal wilt disease.
Topics: Solanum melongena; Fusarium; Soil; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Plants; Plant Diseases
PubMed: 37930719
DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad252 -
3 Biotech Sep 2020In this work, we isolated and selected oleaginous yeasts from rock field soils from two National Parks in Brazil ( and ) with the potential to accumulate oil from...
In this work, we isolated and selected oleaginous yeasts from rock field soils from two National Parks in Brazil ( and ) with the potential to accumulate oil from xylose, the main pentose sugar found in lignocellulosic biomass. From the 126 isolates, two were selected based on their lipid contents. They were taxonomically identified as (UFV-1 and UFV-2). Of the two, UFV-1 was selected as the best lipid producer Under unoptimized conditions, lipid production by UFV-1 was higher in glucose than in xylose. To improve its lipid production from xylose, we applied response surface methodology (RSM) with a face-centered central composite design (CCF). We evaluated the effects of agitation rate, initial cell biomass (OD), carbon/nitrogen ratio (/ ratio) and pH on lipid production. UFV-1 recorded the highest lipid content, 63.5% (w/w) of the cell dry mass, under the following conditions: / ratio = 100:1, pH value = 7.0, initial OD = 0.8 and agitation = 300 rpm. Under these optimized conditions, biomass, lipid titer and volumetric lipid productivity were 9.31 g/L, 5.90 g/L and 0.082 g/L.h, respectively. Additionally, we determined the fatty acid composition of UFV-1 as follows: C14:0 (0.5%), C16:0 (28.4-29.4%), C16:1 (0.2%), C18:0 (9.5-11%), C18:1 (58.6-60.5%), and C20:0 (0.7-0.8%). Based on this composition, the predicted properties of biodiesel showed that UFV-1 oil is suitable for use as feedstock in biodiesel production.
PubMed: 32802724
DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02373-4 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2022Icariin is the most effective bioactive compound in Herba Epimedii. To enhance the content of icariin in the epimedium water extract, a novel strain, ZJU-L07, producing...
Icariin is the most effective bioactive compound in Herba Epimedii. To enhance the content of icariin in the epimedium water extract, a novel strain, ZJU-L07, producing an intracellular α-L-rhamnosidase was isolated from the soil and mutagenized. The specific activity of α-L-rhamnosidase was 29.89 U·mg through purification, and the molecular mass of the enzyme was 100 kDa, as assayed by SDS-PAGE. The characterization of the purified enzyme was determined. The optimal temperature and pH were 55 °C and 7.0, respectively. The enzyme was stable in the pH range 5.5-9.0 for 2 h over 80% and the temperature range 30-40 °C for 2 h more than 70%. The enzyme activity was inhibited by Ca, Fe, Cu, and Mg, especially Fe. The kinetic parameters of and were 1.38 mM and 24.64 μmol·mg·min using pNPR as the substrate, respectively. When epimedin C was used as a nature substrate to determine the kinetic parameters of α-L-rhamnosidase, the values of and were 3.28 mM and 0.01 μmol·mg·min, respectively. The conditions of enzymatic hydrolysis were optimized through single factor experiments and response surface methodology. The icariin yield increased from 61% to over 83% after optimization. The enzymatic hydrolysis method could be used for the industrialized production of icariin. At the same time, this enzyme could also cleave the α-1,2 glycosidic linkage between glucoside and rhamnoside in naringin and neohesperidin, which could be applicable in other biotechnological processes.
PubMed: 35736128
DOI: 10.3390/jof8060644 -
Micron (Oxford, England : 1993) Sep 2019Stress response due to the lack of essential nutrient(s) for an organism has been a focal point of several scientific investigations. The present study investigates the...
Stress response due to the lack of essential nutrient(s) for an organism has been a focal point of several scientific investigations. The present study investigates the cellular adaptations behind the ability of Papiliotrema laurentii strain RY1 to perpetuate without added nitrogen and propagate robustly in growth- limiting amount of nitrogen. We executed phenotypic (using scanning electron microscopy, differential interference contrast microscopy and transmission electron microscopy), microbiological and computational analyses to show multiple responses of dimorphism, capsule formation and autophagy as a survival strategy by the yeast upon nitrogen starvation. The roles of phosphomannose isomerase, phosphomannomutase and several autophagy-related transcripts aiding in such a response have been discussed.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Autophagy; Basidiomycota; Culture Media; Fungal Capsules; Hyphae; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Nitrogen
PubMed: 31265985
DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2019.102708 -
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Dec 2018Strain DMKU-SP105 representing a novel yeast species was isolated from the external surface of a sugarcane leaf (Saccharum officinarum L.) collected from a sugarcane...
Strain DMKU-SP105 representing a novel yeast species was isolated from the external surface of a sugarcane leaf (Saccharum officinarum L.) collected from a sugarcane plantation field in Phichit province, Thailand. On the basis of sequence analysis of the D1/D2 region of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, the strain DMKU-SP105 differed by 7-16 substitutions in the D1/D2 region of LSU rRNA gene and 6-22 substitutions in the ITS region from a group of related species, Papiliotrema aspenensis, Papiliotrema odontotermitis, Papiliotrema rajasthanensis and Papiliotrema laurentii. A phylogenetic analysis based on the concatenated sequences of ITS region and the D1/D2 region of the LSU rRNA gene indicated that strain DMKU-SP105 belongs to the laurentii clade of Papiliotrema in the Tremellales and is distinct from other related species in the clade. It therefore represents a novel species of the genus Papiliotrema although the formation of basidiospores was not observed. The name Papiliotrema phichitensis f.a., sp. nov. is proposed. The type is DMKU-SP105 (= CBS 13390 = BCC 61187 = NBRC 109699).
Topics: Basidiomycota; Cell Division; DNA, Fungal; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; Genotype; Mycological Typing Techniques; Phenotype; Phylogeny; Plant Leaves; RNA, Ribosomal; Saccharum; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Thailand
PubMed: 30062388
DOI: 10.1007/s10482-018-1134-5