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Handbook of Clinical Neurology 2013Human paragonimiasis is caused by nine species of Paragonimus, namely, P. westermani, P. africanus, P. heterotremus, P. kellicotti, P. mexicanus, P. siamensis, P.... (Review)
Review
Human paragonimiasis is caused by nine species of Paragonimus, namely, P. westermani, P. africanus, P. heterotremus, P. kellicotti, P. mexicanus, P. siamensis, P. skrjabini, P. skrjabini miyazakii, and P. uterobilateralis. Cerebral or spinal involvements are most common in P. westermani, and can also occur in P. skrjabini, P. skrjabini miyazakii, and P. mexicanus. In P. westermani, cerebral paragonimiasis comprises about 45% of all extrapulmonary paragonimiasis cases, and accounts for about 1% of all paragonimiasis patients. In cerebral paragonimiasis, seizure, headache, visual disturbance, and motor and sensory disturbances are the five major clinical symptoms. The most commonly performed diagnostic procedures for cerebral infections are serological tests to detect circulating antibodies or antigens using ELISA or immunoblotting, and radiological examinations, including plain skull x-rays, brain CT, and MR scans. The drug of choice is praziquantel at the dose of 25mg/kg three times daily for 2-3 days. In severe infections, a second set of treatment may be needed. Triclabendazole can be used in P. uterobilateralis, P. mexicanus, and P. skrjabini infections with the dose of 10mg/kg twice a day; however, its efficacy in P. westermani infection, in particular cerebral infections, remains to be elucidated.
Topics: Animals; Central Nervous System Parasitic Infections; Humans; Paragonimiasis; Trematoda
PubMed: 23829919
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-444-53490-3.00023-6 -
Advances in Experimental Medicine and... 2014
Review
Topics: Animals; Anthelmintics; Biological Evolution; Humans; Paragonimiasis; Paragonimus; Phylogeny; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Zoonoses
PubMed: 24903365
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0915-5_5 -
Advances in Experimental Medicine and... 2019Paragonimiasis is a zoonotic disease caused by lung flukes of the genus Paragonimus. Humans usually become infected by eating freshwater crabs or crayfish containing...
Paragonimiasis is a zoonotic disease caused by lung flukes of the genus Paragonimus. Humans usually become infected by eating freshwater crabs or crayfish containing encysted metacercariae of these worms. However, an alternative route of infection exists: ingestion of raw meat from a mammalian paratenic host. Adult worms normally occur in pairs in cysts in the lungs from which they void their eggs via air passages. The pulmonary form is typical in cases of human infection due to P. westermani, P. heterotremus, and a few other species (Table 5.1). Worms may occupy other sites in the body, notably the brain, but lung flukes have made their presence felt in almost every organ. Ectopic paragonimiasis is particularly common when infection is due to members of the P. skrjabini complex (Table 5.1). Human paragonimiasis occurs primarily in the tropics and subtropics of Asia, Africa, and the Americas, with different species being responsible in different areas (Table 5.1).
Topics: Africa; Americas; Animals; Asia; Brachyura; Humans; Paragonimiasis; Paragonimus; Tropical Climate; Zoonoses
PubMed: 31297761
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-18616-6_5 -
Acta Tropica Nov 2019Paragonimiasis, or lung fluke disease, is a typical food-borne parasitic zoonosis caused by infection with trematodes belonging to the genus Paragonimus. More than 50... (Review)
Review
Paragonimiasis, or lung fluke disease, is a typical food-borne parasitic zoonosis caused by infection with trematodes belonging to the genus Paragonimus. More than 50 species of Paragonimus have been reported throughout the world, of which seven valid species infect humans, an estimated one million people annually worldwide. Among the seven species, P. westermani, P. heterotremus, and P. skrjabini/P. s. miyazakii, distributed in Asia, are the most important species as the cause of paragonimiasis. Humans acquire infection through the ingestion of raw, pickled or undercooked freshwater crustaceans, 2nd intermediate hosts, or consuming raw meat of wild boar or deer, paratenic hosts. Infections often occur clustered in foci where dietary habits allow transmission of the parasites. Paragonimiasis typically causes a subacute to chronic inflammatory disease of the lungs. The symptoms, including chronic cough, chest pain, dyspnea and hemoptysis, mimic those of tuberculosis and lung cancer. Serologic tests are commonly used for the diagnosis of paragonimiasis, and Praziquantel is the treatment of choice. In this review, the current status of Paragonimus and paragonimiasis in Asia is outlined based on the latest information and findings. We also summarize current trends of paragonimiasis in Japan, which is one of the most endemic area of paragonimiasis in the world, for the better understanding and control of paragonimiasis.
Topics: Animals; Asia; Disease Vectors; Humans; Paragonimiasis; Paragonimus; Praziquantel
PubMed: 31295431
DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105074 -
Clinics in Chest Medicine Jun 2002Paragonimiasis has been considered to be a foodborne zoonosis endemic only in limited areas in the world. Recently, however, patients have been seen almost all over the... (Review)
Review
Paragonimiasis has been considered to be a foodborne zoonosis endemic only in limited areas in the world. Recently, however, patients have been seen almost all over the world because of the increase in number of overseas travelers and the popularization of ethnic dishes in developed countries. If paragonimiasis is misdiagnosed as tuberculosis or lung cancer patients suffer from a considerable burden of long-term hospitalization and unnecessary examinations and treatments. Clinicians should always be aware of the possibility of paragonimiasis when patients have pulmonary lesions with eosinophilia and an elevated serum IgE. For the diagnosis, rapid and reliable immunodiagnostic methods are now available. Highly effective drugs are also available for treatment.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Japan; Lung Diseases, Parasitic; Paragonimiasis; Paragonimus
PubMed: 12092035
DOI: 10.1016/s0272-5231(01)00006-5 -
JNMA; Journal of the Nepal Medical... Mar 2023Paragonimiasis contributes to significant foodborne zoonosis worldwide. The major mode of transmission in humans is by consumption of uncooked or undercooked crabs and...
UNLABELLED
Paragonimiasis contributes to significant foodborne zoonosis worldwide. The major mode of transmission in humans is by consumption of uncooked or undercooked crabs and crayfish harbouring Paragonimus metacercariae. It begins with symptoms like fever and lower respiratory involvement from a few months to a year, mimicking those of tuberculosis and leading to diagnostic delay. Here, we report two cases of paragonimiasis during a period of nine months. Both cases presented with symptoms of productive cough with rusty sputum, chest pain, along with eosinophilia, and pleural effusion and had a history of consumption of smoked crab from the local river. The diagnosis was established by microscopic demonstration of Paragonimus ova in the sputum. They were treated with praziquantel and recovered. Indeed, it is challenging to diagnose paragonimiasis due to the lack of its specific symptoms but should be considered in the differential diagnosis of eosinophilia and pleural effusion in such lung diseases.
KEYWORDS
case reports; eosinophilia; paragonimiasis; pleural effusion.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Paragonimiasis; Anthelmintics; Delayed Diagnosis; Paragonimus; Brachyura; Pleural Effusion; Eosinophilia
PubMed: 37203942
DOI: 10.31729/jnma.8080 -
The Indian Journal of Medical Research Aug 2012Ever since the discovery of the first indigenous case in 1981, paragonimiasis has gained recognition as a significant food borne parasitic zoonosis in India. The data... (Review)
Review
Ever since the discovery of the first indigenous case in 1981, paragonimiasis has gained recognition as a significant food borne parasitic zoonosis in India. The data available on the occurrence of paragonimiasis, until today, may be just the tip of an iceberg as the study areas covered were restricted to Northeast Indian States. Nevertheless, the results of research on paragonimiasis in India have revealed valuable information in epidemiology, life cycle, pathobiology and speciation of Indian Paragonimus. Potamiscus manipurensis, Alcomon superciliosum and Maydelliathelphusa lugubris were identified as the crab hosts of Paragonimus. Paragonimus miyazakii manipurinus n. sub sp., P. hueit'ungensis, P. skrjabini, P. heterotremus, P. compactus, and P. westermani have been described from India. P. heterotremus was found as the causative agent of human paragonimiasis. Ingestion of undercooked crabs and raw crab extract was the major mode of infection. Pulmonary paragonimiasis was the commonest clinical manifestation while pleural effusion and subcutaneous nodules were the common extra-pulmonary forms. Clinico-radiological features of pulmonary paragonimiasis simulated pulmonary tuberculosis. Intradermal test, ELISA and Dot-immunogold filtration assay (DIGFA) were used for diagnosis and epidemiological survey of paragonimiasis. Phylogenitically, Indian Paragonimus species, although nested within the respective clade were distantly related to others within the clade.
Topics: Animals; Humans; India; Life Cycle Stages; Lung; Paragonimiasis; Paragonimus; Phylogeography; Radiography; Sputum
PubMed: 22960885
DOI: No ID Found -
Medecine Et Maladies Infectieuses Oct 2005Paragonimiasis is a food borne zoonosis due to a trematode belonging to the genus Paragonimus. Although present throughout the world, about 90% of the cases occur in... (Review)
Review
Paragonimiasis is a food borne zoonosis due to a trematode belonging to the genus Paragonimus. Although present throughout the world, about 90% of the cases occur in Asia where around 20 million people are infected. The parasitic cycle is complex with two different intermediate hosts. Man is infected by ingesting the raw or undercooked flesh of the second host - a freshwater crab or prawn - or possibly of a paratenic mammal host (wild boar), which contains the infective larval stage metacercariae that reaches the lung which is the main target organ. Epidemiological, pathological, and clinical aspects are reviewed. The main symptoms are protracted cough, and recurrent "benign" hemoptysis. Abnormal pleuro-pulmonary imaging features are constant, but protean and non-specific, leading to frequent confusion with tuberculosis. Diagnosis is easily achieved by ova search in the sputum or pleural fluid, or by serology. Evolution is usually considered benign, although not well known. Finally, praziquantel is the effective first choice treatment. Some paradoxical aspects of this disease are underlined such as: underdiagnosis despite a very simple diagnostic procedure, or opposite tendencies according to location, either extinction or re-emergence.
Topics: Animals; Anthelmintics; Cooking; France; Humans; Lung Diseases; Paragonimiasis; Paragonimus; Pleural Diseases; Praziquantel; Seafood
PubMed: 16253459
DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2005.08.002 -
Surgical Infections Nov 2022
Topics: Humans; Paragonimiasis; Brain Diseases; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
PubMed: 35917510
DOI: 10.1089/sur.2022.230 -
Seminars in Respiratory Infections Jun 1997Paragonimiasis is a parasitic disease of carnivorous animals caused by trematodes of the genus Paragonimus. The epidemiology and life cycle of the parasite are reviewed,... (Review)
Review
Paragonimiasis is a parasitic disease of carnivorous animals caused by trematodes of the genus Paragonimus. The epidemiology and life cycle of the parasite are reviewed, including intermediate hosts, and methods of infection in human beings. The pathogenesis of human disease is outlined. The clinical symptoms, which are often cause for an erroneous diagnosis of tuberculosis in many patients with paragonimiasis, are discussed. Radiographic findings, including those on computed tomography scans, are reviewed, and examples of classic chest radiographs are presented. The common laboratory abnormalities, including those seen on pleural fluid analysis, are briefly covered. The advantages and limitations of various diagnostic procedures, including parasitological, serological and intradermal skin tests, are detailed. Lastly, current therapy, including side effects and guidelines for patient treatment, are discussed and contrasted.
Topics: Animals; Antiplatyhelmintic Agents; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Lung Diseases, Parasitic; Paragonimiasis; Paragonimus; Praziquantel; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 9195680
DOI: No ID Found