-
The American Journal of Tropical... Mar 1983The presence of cross-reacting antigens between Paragonimus westermani, Schistosoma mansoni, and Fasciola hepatica adult worms was demonstrated by Ouchterlony...
The antigens of Paragonimus westermani, Schistosoma mansoni, and Fasciola hepatica adult worms. Evidence for the presence of cross-reactive antigens and for cross-protection to Schistosoma mansoni infection using antigens of Paragonimus westermani.
The presence of cross-reacting antigens between Paragonimus westermani, Schistosoma mansoni, and Fasciola hepatica adult worms was demonstrated by Ouchterlony immunodiffusion and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A serum bank was developed against the three trematode genera to serve as probes to determine the presence of cross-reacting antibodies to P. westermani worm extracts. In this manner, it was possible to demonstrate that antigens common to F. hepatica and S. mansoni tegument were also present in P. westermani worm extracts. Likewise, it was possible to demonstrate that the F. hepatica antigens which bind to Concanavalin A, as well as the subfraction which in isoelectric focusing has a pI of 4.2, were also found in P. westermani worms. Also, a monospecific polyclonal serum to a Fasciola/Schistosoma cross-reacting antigen and the anti-P. westermani serum both reacted in Ouchterlony immunodiffusion with the P. westermani antigenic extract, each producing a line which linked with each other indicating common antigenic determinants and suggesting a common antigen among the digenetic trematodes. Finally, the P. westermani antigenic extracts induced in mice the production of antibodies which reacted with S. mansoni adult worm antigens by ELISA. As all of the Fasciola and Schistosoma sera were prepared against antigenic preparations which induced in mice protection to challenge infection with S. mansoni, this suggested that the P. westermani worms also contain protective antigens against S. mansoni. Immunity to Schistosoma mansoni infection was induced in mice by vaccination with Paragonimus westermani whole worm extracts (PwWWE). Immunized mice showed as high as a 67% worm burden reduction over controls. High doses of PwWWE did not confer protection to S. mansoni infection. Thus, in this study, immunity in heterologous systems was demonstrated and the existence of a common protective antigen shared by the digenetic trematodes was suggested.
Topics: Animals; Antigens; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Fasciola hepatica; Female; Immune Sera; Immunization; Immunodiffusion; Mice; Mice, Inbred CBA; Paragonimus; Rabbits; Schistosoma mansoni; Schistosomiasis
PubMed: 6404188
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.1983.32.350 -
Case Reports in Pathology 2016Paragonimiasis is an infection caused by the lung fluke of the genus Paragonimus. Within the United States, paragonimiasis has been commonly diagnosed in Southeast Asian...
Paragonimiasis is an infection caused by the lung fluke of the genus Paragonimus. Within the United States, paragonimiasis has been commonly diagnosed in Southeast Asian immigrants infected with the Asian lung fluke Paragonimus westermani. Infections from the North American lung fluke, Paragonimus kellicotti, have been rare, although more infections have been seen in people in the Midwestern United States. A 29-year-old male with a history of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma presented with hemoptysis. A CT scan showed a mass in the left upper lung lobe. A biopsy showed eosinophils and parasite eggs, some with a recognizable operculum. Further investigation revealed that he takes canoe trips on rivers within Missouri and would eat crayfish caught from these rivers. A blood sample was confirmed positive for Paragonimiasis serologically at the Center for Disease Control. Paragonimus kellicotti is found in rivers within the Mississippi basin. Infection occurs by consuming uncooked or undercooked crawfish. Microscopic identification of parasite eggs has been the gold standard. Serologic tests have been developed to aid in the diagnosis. Patients typically present with fever and hemoptysis. Common CT findings include pleural effusion, a mass, and lymphadenopathy. Awareness of P. kellicotti is important to guide appropriate diagnostic testing and ensuring proper treatment.
PubMed: 27213066
DOI: 10.1155/2016/2107372 -
The American Journal of Tropical... Nov 1970
Topics: Anthelmintics; Catechols; Disease Reservoirs; Humans; Hydrocarbons, Halogenated; Paragonimiasis; Paragonimus; Species Specificity
PubMed: 5493054
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.1970.19.940 -
The Journal of Infectious Diseases May 2002A recombinant protein of Paragonimus westermani yolk ferritin was bacterially produced from a previously cloned complementary DNA and was used as an antigen for an...
A recombinant protein of Paragonimus westermani yolk ferritin was bacterially produced from a previously cloned complementary DNA and was used as an antigen for an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) against paragonimiasis- and other helminth-infected sera to evaluate its serodiagnostic potential. The ELISA revealed that paragonimiasis westermani had 88.2% sensitivity and 100% specificity. The positive and negative predictive values of the ELISA were calculated to be 100% and 97.1%, respectively. Sera from cats experimentally infected with P. westermani began to produce immunoglobulin G antibodies against the yolk ferritin at 13 weeks after infection, which suggests that the corresponding antigen was derived from the vitellaria in accordance with maturation of P. westermani. These results indicate that the recombinant P. westermani yolk ferritin is a potent serodiagnostic reagent for paragonimiasis westermani from an early stage of the infection.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Helminth; Antigens, Helminth; Cats; Egg Proteins; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Ferritins; Humans; Paragonimus; Recombinant Proteins; Serologic Tests
PubMed: 12001061
DOI: 10.1086/339880 -
Memorias Do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 2019The genetic information of ancient Paragonimus westermani, the oriental lung fluke infecting over 20 million people worldwide, has not been thoroughly investigated thus...
The genetic information of ancient Paragonimus westermani, the oriental lung fluke infecting over 20 million people worldwide, has not been thoroughly investigated thus far. We analysed genetic markers (COI and ITS2) of P. westermani from coprolite specimens (n = 6) obtained from 15th to 18th century Korean mummies. Our results indicated that all P. westermani sequences were generally distinct from the other species of the genus Paragonimus. The sequences were clustered into three groups: Group I for East Asia; Group II for South and Southeast Asia; and Group III for India and Sri Lanka. In this study, we found that ancient P. westermani sequences in Korea belong to Group I, adding invaluable information to the existing knowledge of Paragonimus paleogenetics.
Topics: Animals; Asia; DNA, Helminth; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; Electron Transport Complex IV; Feces; Humans; Mummies; Paleodontology; Paragonimus westermani; Parasite Egg Count; Phylogeny
PubMed: 31116227
DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760180595 -
Acta Tropica Oct 2010Evidence for the presence of lung flukes of the Paragonimus westermani in India remains scant. In particular, evidence based on morphology of adult worms is lacking....
Evidence for the presence of lung flukes of the Paragonimus westermani in India remains scant. In particular, evidence based on morphology of adult worms is lacking. Metacercariae of the genus Paragonimus, recovered from crabs in two regions of northeastern India, were raised to adulthood in laboratory rats. Morphologically, these worms appear to be P. westermani. DNA sequences from the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) and a portion of the ribosomal large subunit gene (28S) of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene repeat, as well as fragments of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1) genes, all supported this identification. Molecular phylogenetic methods were used for studying the relatedness of these Indian flukes with counterparts from southeast and far-east Asia. Molecular data showed that Indian representatives of the P. westermani complex represent a distinct lineage. It is unclear whether the Indian form can cause disease in humans as some members of the complex do elsewhere.
Topics: Animals; Brachyura; DNA Primers; DNA, Helminth; Databases, Nucleic Acid; Female; India; Metacercariae; Paragonimus westermani; Phylogeny; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sequence Alignment
PubMed: 20493821
DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2010.05.003 -
Parasitology Jan 2013The name Paragonimus westermani (Kerbert, 1878) is commonly applied to members of a species complex that includes the well-known Asian lung fluke of medical and...
The name Paragonimus westermani (Kerbert, 1878) is commonly applied to members of a species complex that includes the well-known Asian lung fluke of medical and veterinary importance. Unambiguous molecular and morphological evidence showing the presence of a member of the complex in India has recently been published. In the present study we report the occurrence of 2 more members of the P. westermani complex in northeastern (NE) India. Surveys of the freshwater crabs Maydelliatelphusa lugubris in NE India revealed 2 morphologically distinct types of lung fluke metacercariae. Phylogenetic analyses, using DNA sequences from ITS2, 28S and cox1 gene regions indicate that these lung metacercariae belong to P. westermani complex. Type 1 metacercariae have a more basal position within the complex whereas type 2 metacercariae are closely related to the relatively derived forms of P. westermani from NE Asia (Japan, Korea, China) and Vietnam. A third type of metacercaria (type 3), detected in another crab host, Sartoriana spinigera in Assam, was phylogenetically close to P. siamensis, also a member of the P. westermani group. Molecular evidence has demonstrated the existence of 3 genotypes of lung flukes within the Paragonimus westermani complex in NE India. Two of these were previously unknown.
Topics: Animals; Brachyura; DNA, Helminth; Genotype; India; Metacercariae; Molecular Sequence Data; Paragonimus; Paragonimus westermani; Phylogeny; Rats; Rats, Wistar
PubMed: 22917216
DOI: 10.1017/S0031182012001229 -
Parasitology International Sep 2008Paragonimus westermani is a tissue-invading trematode parasite that causes inflammatory lung disease as well as systemic infections including cerebral invasion in...
Paragonimus westermani is a tissue-invading trematode parasite that causes inflammatory lung disease as well as systemic infections including cerebral invasion in carnivorous mammals. While aminopeptidases play important roles in trematodes in the catabolism of host hemoglobin, an essential source of nutrient for the parasite, little is known about aminopeptidase in Paragonimus. Presently, we isolated a cDNA encoding a 58 kDa P. westermani leucine aminopeptidase (PwLAP). Deduced amino acid sequence of PwLAP exhibited significant sequence homology with LAP from Schistosoma spp. and Fasciola hepatica. Biochemical analysis of the recombinant PwLAP protein demonstrated preferential substrate specificity for Leu-NHMec and inhibition by EDTA, 1,10-phenanthroline, and bestatin, which are conserved characteristics of the M17 family of leucine aminopeptidase. PwLAP exhibited relatively higher enzyme activity in the presence of Mn2+ compared to Schistosoma mansoni LAP. Based on the biochemical properties and immunohistochemical analysis, PwLAP is concluded to represent a leucine aminopeptidase. The enzyme is most likely responsible for the catabolism of host hemoglobin, and, hence, represents a potential target of Paragonimus chemotherapy.
Topics: Animals; Cloning, Molecular; DNA, Complementary; Digestive System; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Epithelium; Gene Expression Regulation; Hemoglobins; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Paragonimiasis; Paragonimus westermani; Phylogeny; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 18394951
DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2008.02.004 -
The Indian Journal of Medical Research Nov 1993A survey was undertaken in the east district of Imphal valley of Manipur, India, using an intradermal test with saline extract of adult Paragonimus westermani as test...
A survey was undertaken in the east district of Imphal valley of Manipur, India, using an intradermal test with saline extract of adult Paragonimus westermani as test antigen to find out the prevalence of paragonimiasis and some of the epidemiological factors attributable to it. A total of 3,467 individuals of both sexes aged five years and above were tested. A total of 2934 persons admitted eating crabs and among them 234 were found reactive to Paragonimus antigen. The prevalence rate observed was 6.7 per cent. The proportion of positive reactors (8.0%) among the crab eaters compared to 0.1 per cent among those who did not eat crabs was highly significant (P < 0.01). The difference in the prevalence rates in different age groups and different sexes was also found to be highly significant. The habit of eating raw and or undercooked crabs had significant correlation with skin reactivity. The intradermal test was found to be a good screening test for mass surveys due to its simplicity, low cost, high sensitivity and no known untoward reaction. Four persons among the skin positive reactors presented with cough, pain in the chest, recurrent haemoptysis as major clinical manifestations. Laboratory investigations revealed Paragonimus eggs in the sputum smears, raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and high absolute eosinophil count in their blood. Praziquantel, the drug of choice was given at a dose of 25 mg per kg body weight 3 times a day for three consecutive days to each patient for a cure.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Female; Humans; India; Male; Middle Aged; Paragonimiasis; Prevalence; Sex Factors; Skin Tests
PubMed: 8144207
DOI: No ID Found -
Diagnostic Cytopathology 1994
Topics: Adult; Animals; Female; Humans; Paragonimiasis; Paragonimus; Pleural Effusion
PubMed: 7956671
DOI: 10.1002/dc.2840110121