-
Parasitology International Feb 2015Paragonimiasis, caused by the lung fluke Paragonimus, is a major food-borne helminthic disease. Differential diagnosis of paragonimiasis from tuberculosis and other...
Paragonimiasis, caused by the lung fluke Paragonimus, is a major food-borne helminthic disease. Differential diagnosis of paragonimiasis from tuberculosis and other infectious granulomas in the lung is a prerequisite to proper management of patients. Cysteine proteases of Paragonimus westermani (PwCPs) invoke specific antibody responses against patient sera, while antibody capturing activity of different PwCPs has not been comparatively analyzed. In this study, we observed the expressional regulation of 11 species of different PwCPs (PwCP1-11). We expressed recombinant PwCPs and assessed diagnostic reliability employing sera from patients with P. westermani (n=138), other trematodiases (n=80), cestodiases (n=60) and pulmonary tuberculosis (n=20), and those of normal controls (n=20). PwCPs formed a monophyletic clade into cathepsin F and showed differential expression patterns along with developmental stages of worm. Bacterially expressed recombinant PwCPs (rPwCPs) exhibited variable sensitivity of 38.4-84.5% and specificity of 87.2-100% in diagnosing homologous infection. rPwCPs recognized specific antibodies of experimental cat sera as early as 3 or 6weeks after infection. Patient sera of fascioliasis, Schistosomiasis japonicum and clonorchiasis demonstrated weak cross-reactions. Our results demonstrate that diverse PwCPs of the cathepsin F family participate in inducing specific antibody responses. Most P. westermani cathepsin F, except for PwCP2 (AAF21461), which showed negligible antibody responses, might be applicable for paragonimiasis serodiagnosis.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Helminth; Antigens, Helminth; Cathepsin F; Cats; Clonorchiasis; Cross Reactions; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Fascioliasis; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Paragonimiasis; Paragonimus westermani; Phylogeny; Recombinant Proteins; Schistosomiasis japonica; Sensitivity and Specificity; Serologic Tests; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
PubMed: 25284814
DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2014.09.012 -
Parasitology International Jun 2013DNA pyrosequencing for PCR amplicons is an attractive strategy for the identification of microorganisms because of its short time performance for large number of...
DNA pyrosequencing for PCR amplicons is an attractive strategy for the identification of microorganisms because of its short time performance for large number of samples. In this study, the primers targeting the fragment of ITS2 region of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene were newly developed for pyrosequencing-based identification of 6 Paragonimus species, Paragonimus bangkokensis, Paragonimus harinasutai, Paragonimus heterotremus, Paragonimus macrorchis, Paragonimus siamensis and Paragonimus westermani. Pyrosequencing determination of 39 nucleotides of partial ITS2 region could discriminate 6 Paragonimus species, and could also detect intra-species genetic variation of P. macrorchis. This DNA pyrosequencing-based identification can be a valuable tool to improve species-level identification of Paragonimus in the endemic areas.
Topics: Animals; Base Sequence; DNA Primers; DNA, Helminth; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; Genetic Variation; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Paragonimiasis; Paragonimus; Paragonimus westermani; Phylogeny; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Species Specificity; Time Factors
PubMed: 23246361
DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2012.11.008 -
Transactions of the Royal Society of... Jan 2016Paragonimiasis is a foodborne parasitic infection caused by lung flukes of the genus Paragonimus. Several species of Paragonimus are endemic in Japan: P. westermani...
Intron sequence of the taurocyamine kinase gene as a marker to investigate genetic variation of Paragonimus species in Japan and the origins of triploidy in P. westermani.
BACKGROUND
Paragonimiasis is a foodborne parasitic infection caused by lung flukes of the genus Paragonimus. Several species of Paragonimus are endemic in Japan: P. westermani (diploid and triploid) P. miyazakii, P. ohirai and P. iloktsuenensis. The taxonomic status and genetic variability of these lung flukes remains poorly understood.
METHODS
The second intron of domain 1 of the taurocyamine kinase gene (TKD1int2) region was used to explore genetic variation and differentiation of diploid and triploid P. westermani, as well as P. miyazakii, P. ohirai and P. iloktsuenensis originating from Japan.
RESULTS
We found high levels of intraspecific variation in P. westermani, but only low levels of variation within the other species studied. Haplotype network and phylogenetic tree analyses demonstrated the sister-group relationship of P. ohirai and P. iloktsuenensis and the phylogenetically distant relationship of P. westermani with the other species. All individuals except for triploid P. westermani were homozygous. Each triploid contained at least one allele similar to that seen in most diploids from Chiba and one allele resembling that seen in diploids from Oita. One triploid contained three different sequences.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggested that the TKD1int2 region is a suitable marker for use in studying the genetic variation and phylogenetics of Paragonimus species, as well as providing clues to the origins of triploidy in P. westermani.
Topics: Animals; DNA, Helminth; Genetic Markers; Genetic Variation; Introns; Japan; Paragonimiasis; Paragonimus; Paragonimus westermani; Phosphotransferases (Nitrogenous Group Acceptor); Triploidy
PubMed: 26740364
DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trv109 -
Parasitology Research 1987Recent studies on chromosomes have shown the presence of diploid and triploid types of Paragonimus westermani. To determine any possible biological differences between...
Recent studies on chromosomes have shown the presence of diploid and triploid types of Paragonimus westermani. To determine any possible biological differences between them, the migration route and development of the diploid type in the final hosts were compared with those of the triploid type. In the cat, the definitive host, larvae of the diploid type migrated to the abdominal wall, remained there for two weeks, and then migrated to the lung. In the rat, the abnormal host, some orally administered metacercariae of the diploid type made cysts in the lung and laid eggs, but the triploid type did not lay any eggs. Neither type of P. westermani migrated to the liver of the rat, in contrast to the previously reported fact that P. miyazakii and P. ohirai migrate to the liver and develop there. From these results, it seems likely that the two types of P. westermani are closely related.
Topics: Abdomen; Animals; Cats; Diploidy; Larva; Liver; Lung; Muscles; Paragonimus; Pleura; Polyploidy; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains
PubMed: 3575287
DOI: 10.1007/BF00536470 -
The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical... 2006Field surveys of Paragonimus in Surat Thani Province, southern Thailand, revealed a new record of a lung fluke species other than P. westermani. The metacercariae were...
Field surveys of Paragonimus in Surat Thani Province, southern Thailand, revealed a new record of a lung fluke species other than P. westermani. The metacercariae were obtained from the crab, Ranguna smalleyi. The cysts of the metacercariae were spherical in shape and the larval body in the cysts contained pinkish granules. Fully mature adult worms were obtained from experimental infections with a rat and a ferret. The adult worms from the two host animals resembled each other, except for size, and had the anatomical characteristics of P. bangkokensis, ie the cuticular spines were arranged mainly in groups, the ovaries were highly branched, while the testes were more simply divided. Chromosomal preparations of the testes showed a haploid number of 11. As no sequence data of P. bangkokensis has been deposited in the GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ nucleotide database, the ITS2 region was sequenced using the metacercariae as starting material. A similarity search of P. bangkokensis ITS2 sequence using the BLAST program revealed that there was only one base difference between this population and P. harinasutai occurring in central Thailand. The result may suggest a close relationship between P. bangkokensis and P. harinasutai. This is the first description of Paragonimus species other than P. westermani occurring in southern Thailand.
Topics: Animals; Brachyura; Ferrets; Genes, Helminth; Genetic Variation; Paragonimiasis; Paragonimus; Paragonimus westermani; Rats; Thailand
PubMed: 17547054
DOI: No ID Found -
Kisaengch'unghak Chapchi. the Korean... Dec 1977By performing the county-wide surveys of Paragonimus westermani infection in several areas in the Chilgok county, Kyungpook Province, three endemic foci of Paragonimus...
By performing the county-wide surveys of Paragonimus westermani infection in several areas in the Chilgok county, Kyungpook Province, three endemic foci of Paragonimus westermani were found. The foci found in this survey were Haksan first dong, Haksan second dong, and Settom in Kumhwa village, all in Kasan myun, Chilgok county. In the three communities, the positive rates for the fluke among the residents by the intradermal test with Paragonimus antigen varied from 22.3 per cent to 25.0 per cent; school children from these areas showed infection rates above 50 per cent. The rate in males and females was 23.9 and 23.0 per cent, respectively. This difference was not significant. The presence and number of Semisulcospira snails and Astacus crayfish, the intermediate hosts of Paragonimus westermani in the stream communities and the high infection rates for the fluke in the residents were the supporting factors in determining the foci.
PubMed: 12913428
DOI: 10.3347/kjp.1977.15.2.133 -
Trends in Parasitology Jul 2008The lung fluke, Paragonimus westermani, is of major socioeconomic importance in Asia. The parasite is transmitted via snails to freshwater crabs or crayfish, then to... (Review)
Review
The lung fluke, Paragonimus westermani, is of major socioeconomic importance in Asia. The parasite is transmitted via snails to freshwater crabs or crayfish, then to humans and other mammals, such as cats and dogs, and causes paragonimiasis. This review provides a background on the parasite and its life cycle; summarizes key aspects regarding the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of paragonimiasis; describes the geographic distribution and prevalence of paragonimiasis; and makes some recommendations for future research and the control of this important disease in China.
Topics: Animals; China; Food Contamination; Food Parasitology; Host-Parasite Interactions; Humans; Paragonimiasis; Paragonimus; Seafood; Snails; Zoonoses
PubMed: 18514575
DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2008.03.014 -
The Journal of Parasitology Jun 1968
Topics: Animals; Carnivora; Indonesia; Paragonimiasis; Paragonimus
PubMed: 5757735
DOI: No ID Found -
Parasitology Oct 1997Nucleotide sequences were obtained for the second internal transcribed spacer of the ribosomal gene repeat and for part of the mitochondrial-cytochrome c oxidase subunit... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Nucleotide sequences were obtained for the second internal transcribed spacer of the ribosomal gene repeat and for part of the mitochondrial-cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene from geographical isolates of Paragonimus westermani from Japan, China, Korea, Taiwan, the Philippines, peninsular Malaysia and Thailand. Sequences were obtained from several other species of Paragonimus for comparative purposes. Two groups were recognized within P. westermani: an NE group (China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan) which was relatively uniform and included both diploid and triploid forms, and a southern group (Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines), members of which were genetically distant from one another. According to both ITS2 and COI data, genetic distances among P. westermani isolates equalled or exceeded those between some distinct species of Paragonimus. The ITS2 sequences were conserved relative to COI sequences. Substitutions among the latter may be approaching saturation within the genus Paragonimus.
Topics: Animals; Asia, Southeastern; Base Sequence; DNA, Helminth; DNA, Ribosomal; Electron Transport Complex IV; Asia, Eastern; Humans; Lung Diseases, Parasitic; Molecular Sequence Data; Paragonimus; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
PubMed: 9364568
DOI: 10.1017/s0031182097001534 -
Kisaengch'unghak Chapchi. the Korean... Jun 1991Status of metacercarial infections of Paragonimus westermani was observed in freshwater crabs, which were purchased at 3 markets in its peak season of 1990. All of 85...
Status of metacercarial infections of Paragonimus westermani was observed in freshwater crabs, which were purchased at 3 markets in its peak season of 1990. All of 85 crabs were Eriocheir japonicus. No other species of Eriocheir were found. When crushed muscle and viscera was examined individually, the infection rate was 11.8%; and mean number of metacercariae was 2.1 per infected crab. Unless adequately cooked, freshwater crabs are still potential sources of human paragonimiasis.
Topics: Animals; Brachyura; Fresh Water; Korea; Paragonimus
PubMed: 1954202
DOI: 10.3347/kjp.1991.29.2.189