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The Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and... 1986Twenty-two patients 1 year of age or younger were diagnosed as having unilateral or bilateral vocal cord paralyses between 1962 and 1985. There was a marked male...
Twenty-two patients 1 year of age or younger were diagnosed as having unilateral or bilateral vocal cord paralyses between 1962 and 1985. There was a marked male predominance, and 12 of the paralyses were bilateral. Congenital neurological malformations were the cause in six patients, birth trauma in five, surgery in four, syphilis in one, and six cases were idiopathic. Tracheotomy was necessary in 11 of the patients with bilateral paralyses. Ten of the 16 patients for whom follow-up was available had resolution of the paralysis from 1 week to 5 years of age. The importance of making an accurate diagnosis is stressed, as is using the fiberoptic laryngoscope.
Topics: Arnold-Chiari Malformation; Birth Injuries; Female; Heart Defects, Congenital; Humans; Infant; Laryngoscopy; Male; Parathyroid Glands; Postoperative Complications; Tracheotomy; Vocal Cord Paralysis
PubMed: 3789596
DOI: 10.1177/000348948609500616 -
Nature May 2012Patients with spinal cord injury lack the connections between brain and spinal cord circuits that are essential for voluntary movement. Clinical systems that achieve...
Patients with spinal cord injury lack the connections between brain and spinal cord circuits that are essential for voluntary movement. Clinical systems that achieve muscle contraction through functional electrical stimulation (FES) have proven to be effective in allowing patients with tetraplegia to regain control of hand movements and to achieve a greater measure of independence in daily activities. In existing clinical systems, the patient uses residual proximal limb movements to trigger pre-programmed stimulation that causes the paralysed muscles to contract, allowing use of one or two basic grasps. Instead, we have developed an FES system in primates that is controlled by recordings made from microelectrodes permanently implanted in the brain. We simulated some of the effects of the paralysis caused by C5 or C6 spinal cord injury by injecting rhesus monkeys with a local anaesthetic to block the median and ulnar nerves at the elbow. Then, using recordings from approximately 100 neurons in the motor cortex, we predicted the intended activity of several of the paralysed muscles, and used these predictions to control the intensity of stimulation of the same muscles. This process essentially bypassed the spinal cord, restoring to the monkeys voluntary control of their paralysed muscles. This achievement is a major advance towards similar restoration of hand function in human patients through brain-controlled FES. We anticipate that in human patients, this neuroprosthesis would allow much more flexible and dexterous use of the hand than is possible with existing FES systems.
Topics: Animals; Electric Stimulation; Electrodes, Implanted; Hand; Hand Strength; Macaca mulatta; Microelectrodes; Motor Cortex; Movement; Muscles; Nerve Block; Paralysis; Prostheses and Implants; Quadriplegia; Spinal Cord Injuries
PubMed: 22522928
DOI: 10.1038/nature10987 -
The American Journal of the Medical... May 1989A Latin-American teenager was begun on a regimen of acetazolamide for a presumptive diagnosis of familial periodic paralysis. He presented 2 weeks later with near total...
A Latin-American teenager was begun on a regimen of acetazolamide for a presumptive diagnosis of familial periodic paralysis. He presented 2 weeks later with near total body paralysis and was found to have florid manifestations of Graves' disease. Although thyrotoxic periodic paralysis occurs most frequently in Oriental males, it occasionally is found in Caucasians. Unlike familial, euthyroid, and periodic paralysis, thyrotoxic periodic paralysis may be worsened by administration of acetazolamide. Physical signs and laboratory evidence of hyperthyroidism must be sought in cases of periodic paralysis to differentiate the two diseases.
Topics: Acetazolamide; Adolescent; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Male; Paralyses, Familial Periodic; Paralysis; Recurrence; Thyroid Crisis
PubMed: 2719059
DOI: 10.1097/00000441-198905000-00014 -
Nature Reviews. Neuroscience May 2014The loss of a limb or paralysis resulting from spinal cord injury has devastating consequences on quality of life. One approach to restoring lost sensory and motor... (Review)
Review
The loss of a limb or paralysis resulting from spinal cord injury has devastating consequences on quality of life. One approach to restoring lost sensory and motor abilities in amputees and patients with tetraplegia is to supply them with implants that provide a direct interface with the CNS. Such brain-machine interfaces might enable a patient to exert voluntary control over a prosthetic or robotic limb or over the electrically induced contractions of paralysed muscles. A parallel interface could convey sensory information about the consequences of these movements back to the patient. Recent developments in the algorithms that decode motor intention from neuronal activity and in approaches to convey sensory feedback by electrically stimulating neurons, using biomimetic and adaptation-based approaches, have shown the promise of invasive interfaces with sensorimotor cortices, although substantial challenges remain.
Topics: Cerebral Cortex; Electric Stimulation; Humans; Movement; Paralysis; Prostheses and Implants; Recovery of Function; User-Computer Interface
PubMed: 24739786
DOI: 10.1038/nrn3724 -
Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Geneeskunde Mar 1967
Topics: Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Paralysis; Speech Disorders
PubMed: 6041582
DOI: No ID Found -
Taehan Naekwa Hakhoe Chapchi = the... Oct 1962
Topics: Humans; Paralyses, Familial Periodic; Paralysis
PubMed: 13929086
DOI: No ID Found -
British Medical Journal Apr 1957
Topics: Carbohydrate Metabolism; Glucose; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans; Paralyses, Familial Periodic; Paralysis
PubMed: 13413252
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.5024.917 -
Australian Veterinary Journal May 1977Three adult cattle that had been ataxic for 5 to 7 months and a bull that had been paralysed for 24 days following bovine ephemeral fever infection were studied...
Three adult cattle that had been ataxic for 5 to 7 months and a bull that had been paralysed for 24 days following bovine ephemeral fever infection were studied clinically and pathologically. Severe bilaterally symmetrical Wallerian degeneration was demonstrated in the spinal cords of all 4 cattle; in 3 animals an area of primary damage was present in the first cervical segment of the cord and in the other animal it was at the level of the lumbar cord. Pressure on the cord resulting from trauma was considered to be the most likely aetiology because of the similarity of the lesion to other syndromes causing pressure on the cord and the absence of the usual inflammatory changes seen with infectious agents.
Topics: Animals; Ataxia; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Ephemeral Fever; Female; Male; Paralysis; Spinal Cord; Wallerian Degeneration
PubMed: 901322
DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1977.tb00190.x -
Headache Sep 1994The pathogenetic mechanism of tension headache (TH) is still unknown. The role of pericranial muscle tension in TH is also enigmatic. To evaluate this factor in chronic...
The pathogenetic mechanism of tension headache (TH) is still unknown. The role of pericranial muscle tension in TH is also enigmatic. To evaluate this factor in chronic TH, pericranial muscles were paralysed in 6 chronic TH patients, using botulinum toxin. All patients fulfilled the IHS criteria of chronic TH associated with involvement of the pericranial muscles, but not the current criteria for cervicogenic headache. The patients were followed-up regularly with evaluation of the paralysis, changes in pain intensity, and pressure pain threshold measurements. We primarily only injected the temporal muscle on the one side, using the other side as a control. Contralateral muscles were in some cases injected at a later stage. In our study, we did not find any significant reduction in pain intensity, as measured by the visual analogue scale, nor any changes in pressure pain threshold, as measured by an algometer. On the basis of our observations, we conclude that muscle tension in these muscles possibly plays a minor role in the genesis of chronic TH. In our study, however, we have only treated a limited number of patients, and only one pericranial muscle has been injected systematically. Further studies of various neck/posterior head muscles ought to be performed in order to further evaluate a possible effect of tension in the pericranial musculature in producing this type of pain.
Topics: Adult; Botulinum Toxins; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle Contraction; Paralysis; Temporal Muscle; Tension-Type Headache
PubMed: 7960729
DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.1994.hed3408458.x -
Neurologia (Barcelona, Spain) Oct 1993
Topics: Adult; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Paralyses, Familial Periodic; Paralysis; Potassium Chloride
PubMed: 8240844
DOI: No ID Found