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European Spine Journal : Official... Nov 2005Although advances in the management of spinal injuries during the past 60 years have led to greatly increased life expectancy for paralysed patients, most remain...
Although advances in the management of spinal injuries during the past 60 years have led to greatly increased life expectancy for paralysed patients, most remain disabled. Around the world, spinal injury centres have become specialized rehabilitation units, where staff accepts the inevitability of persisting paralysis. In part, this pessimism has been based on incorrect information about the anatomy and function of the circulation of the spinal cord. Since the publication of accurate descriptions of the segmental nature of spinal vasculature, research and clinical data suggest that reversal or prevention of paralysis after spinal injury may be possible in many patients. These improved outcomes will depend on the recognition that urgent correction of cord blood supply in patients with traumatic spinal injury is critical to the long-term results of treatment. The creation of specialist spinal units within trauma centres for the urgent treatment of patients following spinal injury will require considerable logistical change, but has the potential to lead to a revolution in spinal care, driven by the knowledge that spinal cord function can often be saved.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Paralysis; Spinal Cord; Spinal Cord Injuries; Vertebral Artery
PubMed: 15947996
DOI: 10.1007/s00586-005-0924-4 -
Psychiatria Et Neurologia 1962
Topics: Humans; Paralyses, Familial Periodic; Paralysis; Potassium
PubMed: 13956635
DOI: 10.1159/000129597 -
Anales Otorrinolaringologicos... 2000This paper deals with a series of 11 cases of peripheral unilateral facial paralyses affecting children under 15 years. Following parameters are reviewed: age, sex, side...
This paper deals with a series of 11 cases of peripheral unilateral facial paralyses affecting children under 15 years. Following parameters are reviewed: age, sex, side immobilized, origin, morbid antecedents, clinical and neurophysiological explorations (electroneurography through magnetic stimulation) and the evolutive course of the cases. These items are assembled in 3 sketches in the article. Clinical assessment of face movility is more difficult as the patient is younger, nevertheless electroneurography was possible in the whole group. Clinical restoration was complete, excepting one complicated cholesteatomatous patient. Some aspects concerning the etiology, diagnostic explorations and management of each pediatric case are discussed.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Facial Paralysis; Female; Humans; Male; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 11200559
DOI: No ID Found -
The Quarterly Journal of Medicine Oct 1962
Topics: Blood Chemical Analysis; Humans; Myotonia; Paralyses, Familial Periodic; Paralysis; Paralysis, Hyperkalemic Periodic
PubMed: 13963901
DOI: No ID Found -
Pediatrics Nov 1959
Topics: Humans; Paralyses, Familial Periodic; Paralysis; Potassium
PubMed: 13819501
DOI: No ID Found -
Experimental Physiology Dec 2008Intramuscular injections of the paralytic botulinum neurotoxin A (Btx) and physical exercise are used in the treatment of chronic spasticity in children with cerebral...
Intramuscular injections of the paralytic botulinum neurotoxin A (Btx) and physical exercise are used in the treatment of chronic spasticity in children with cerebral palsy. We tested whether Btx-induced paralysis and/or exercise training would have differential effects on the expression of mechanosensing and signalling genes implicated in the adaptive remodelling of skeletal muscle. Juvenile (29-day-old) male rats were injected with Btx or saline (NoBtx) into the right gastrocnemius and housed in standard cages (NoEx) or with running wheels (Ex), for 3 weeks (n = 6 per group). The mRNA expression of nine sarcomere-associated genes in the medial gastrocnemius was then determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The Btx-injected muscles weighed 50% less than NoBtx muscles, but Ex had no effect on the wet mass of Btx or NoBtx muscles. Atrogenic MuRF1, sarcomeric Titin and myogenic MyoD were upregulated (2-fold) with the elimination of contractile activity in Btx muscle. Expression of CARP, Ankrd2 and MLP was increased with mechanical stimuli associated with Btx (5- to 10-fold) or Ex (2- to 4-fold). Expression of CARP and Ankrd2 increased synergistically in Btx-Ex muscle (> or = 20-fold), indicating that these genes may be sensitive to passive stretch of the sarcomeric I-band region of titin to which their proteins bind. Tcap, Myopalladin and Atrogin1 were not, or were no longer responsive to the altered mechanical stimuli after 3 weeks of Btx or Ex. The expression of Ankrd2, CARP and MLP may thus be enhanced by passive stretch within the Btx-paralysed and/or exercising gastrocnemius and contribute to adaptations, other than muscle mass, in juvenile rats.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Animals; Body Weight; Botulinum Toxins, Type A; Disease Models, Animal; Gene Expression Regulation; Injections, Intramuscular; Male; Mechanotransduction, Cellular; Muscle Proteins; Muscle, Skeletal; Organ Size; Paralysis; Physical Exertion; RNA, Messenger; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sarcomeres; Time Factors
PubMed: 18603602
DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2008.043174 -
Annales de Chirurgie Plastique Et... Apr 1993The purpose of surgical restoration of the paralysed hand is to use or to reconstruct the physiological tenodesis effects which are linked on to flexion-extension...
The purpose of surgical restoration of the paralysed hand is to use or to reconstruct the physiological tenodesis effects which are linked on to flexion-extension motions of the wrist. Active movements of interphalangeal (IP) flexion and metacarpo-phalangeal (MP) extension of the fingers are made by extrinsic muscles coming from the forearm. The intrinsic muscles of the fingers produce MP flexion and IP extension. A claw deformity occurs when they are completely paralysed in a finger whose joints are flexible, and whose extrinsic muscles remains functional or are restored. When Bouvier's maneuver is positive, the claw is said simple, and its treatment is either MP capsuloplasty when there is no motors, or an active palliative procedure with proximal (or MP) effect when motors exist: lasso and/or direct interosseous activation. Indications of the classical active palliative procedures with distal (or IP) effect remain rare, only in a few complicated claw deformities. Circumduction of the thumb may be decomposed into three elementary movements: reposition, antepulsion, and adduction, which are respectively controlled by the radial, median, and ulnar nerves. Each of these movements may be restored by a specific tendinous transfer. In the total paralysis of the thumb as we observe in high tetraplegia, a key-grip may be restored by joint stabilization of the thumb, associated with activation of the Flexor Pollicis Longus and Extensor Pollicis Longus by means of tenodesis or tendinous transfers.
Topics: Hand; Humans; Muscles; Paralysis; Tendon Transfer
PubMed: 8304744
DOI: No ID Found -
The Laryngoscope Oct 2013Tapia syndrome is characterized by concurrent paralysis of the recurrent laryngeal and hypoglossal nerves. The mechanism is associated with airway manipulation in 70% of... (Review)
Review
Tapia syndrome is characterized by concurrent paralysis of the recurrent laryngeal and hypoglossal nerves. The mechanism is associated with airway manipulation in 70% of patients and is attributed to compression or stretching of these nerves. Diagnosis is based on recognition of the concurrent paralyses and investigations to exclude central or vascular causes. Treatment is supportive, with emphasis on empiric corticosteroids and dysphagia therapy. Recovery is excellent in 30% of patients, incomplete in 39% of patients, and none in over 26% of patients. A case of a 48-year-old woman is described, who was diagnosed with Tapia syndrome 3 years after the suspected injury.
Topics: Atrophy; Delayed Diagnosis; Female; Humans; Hypoglossal Nerve Diseases; Intubation, Intratracheal; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Syndrome; Tongue; Vocal Cord Paralysis
PubMed: 24078360
DOI: 10.1002/lary.24070 -
Cardiologia Apr 1960
Topics: Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Muscular Dystrophies; Paralyses, Familial Periodic; Paralysis
PubMed: 13812654
DOI: No ID Found -
Aerospace Medicine Dec 1963
Topics: Aerospace Medicine; Humans; Hypokalemia; Muscular Dystrophies; Paralyses, Familial Periodic; Paralysis
PubMed: 14100653
DOI: No ID Found