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Abdominal Radiology (New York) May 2021Since its first introduction in 2003 by Kamisawa et al., IgG4-related disease has gained wide interest in the imaging community, and several manuscripts have been... (Review)
Review
Since its first introduction in 2003 by Kamisawa et al., IgG4-related disease has gained wide interest in the imaging community, and several manuscripts have been published regarding its imaging features. In addition to initial observations in the pancreaticobiliary system, it is now well known that the disease may involve every organ system in the body. There is not much information in the imaging literature about the involvement of mesentery, omentum, and peritoneum in this disease. This article aims to provide more information about the imaging findings of IgG4-related disease regarding these areas by making radiopathological correlations and discussing the possible differential diagnoses.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease; Immunoglobulins; Mesentery; Peritoneum
PubMed: 33742218
DOI: 10.1007/s00261-021-03037-4 -
El Dia Medico Jul 1962
Topics: Disease; Humans; Omentum; Peritoneal Diseases; Peritoneum
PubMed: 14476414
DOI: No ID Found -
Surgical Endoscopy Sep 2004Recent evidence suggests that the use of carbon dioxide to create a pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopy can lead to adverse structural, metabolic, and immune... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Recent evidence suggests that the use of carbon dioxide to create a pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopy can lead to adverse structural, metabolic, and immune derangements within the peritoneal cavity, and that these can be dependent on the specific insufflation gas used. These changes include structural alterations in the mesothelial lining, pH disturbances, and alterations in peritoneal macrophage responsiveness. This contrasts with an apparent systemic benefit associated with laparoscopic, as compared with open, surgery.
METHODS
Recently published clinical and experimental studies related to the effect of pneumoperitoneum on the peritoneal surface are reviewed, and their relevance is discussed.
RESULTS
Structural changes in the peritoneal mesothelial surface layer such as widening of the intercellular junctions can be demonstrated with electron microscopy. Acidification of the peritoneum in response to carbon dioxide insufflation occurs not only at the peritoneal surface, but also in the underlying connective tissue, resulting in disturbances in the electrical surface charge and the release of various immune mediators such as endotoxin. Pneumoperitoneum also affects the local peritoneal immune environment resulting in alterations in cytokine production and phagocytic function, as well as diminished antitumor cell cytotoxicity.
CONCLUSIONS
Ultrastructural, metabolic, and immune alterations are observed at the peritoneal surface in response to a pneumoperitoneum. Experimental evidence suggests that these changes are carbon dioxide-specific effects. The consequences of these alterations to the local peritoneal environment are not well understood, but they may facilitate tumor implantation within the peritoneal cavity and adversely affect the ability to clear intraperitoneal infections. Further investigation into this area is warranted.
Topics: Animals; Carbon Dioxide; Humans; Laparoscopy; Macrophages; Peritoneum; Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial
PubMed: 15136922
DOI: 10.1007/s00464-003-8238-2 -
World Journal of Surgery Apr 2010The peritoneum is a bilayer serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity. We present a review of peritoneal structure and physiology, with a focus on the peritoneal... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The peritoneum is a bilayer serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity. We present a review of peritoneal structure and physiology, with a focus on the peritoneal inflammatory response to surgical injury and its clinical implications.
METHODS
We conducted a nonsystematic clinical review. A search of the Ovid MEDLINE database from 1950 through January 2009 was performed using the following search terms: peritoneum, adhesions, cytokine, inflammation, and surgery.
RESULTS
The peritoneum is a metabolically active organ, responding to insult through a complex array of immunologic and inflammatory cascades. This response increases with the duration and extent of injury and is central to the concept of surgical stress, manifesting via a combination of systemic effects, and local neural pathways via the neuro-immuno-humoral axis. There may be a decreased systemic inflammatory response after minimally invasive surgery; however, it is unclear whether this is due to a reduced local peritoneal reaction.
CONCLUSIONS
Interventions that dampen the peritoneal response and/or block the neuro-immuno-humoral pathway should be further investigated as possible avenues of enhancing recovery after surgery, and reducing postoperative complications.
Topics: Humans; Immunity, Humoral; Inflammation; Inflammation Mediators; Peritoneum; Postoperative Complications
PubMed: 20049432
DOI: 10.1007/s00268-009-0382-y -
Abdominal Radiology (New York) Aug 2020The peritoneum is a complex structure. Having a better understanding of this complex anatomy will enable the radiologist to accurately assess and diagnose the wide range... (Review)
Review
The peritoneum is a complex structure. Having a better understanding of this complex anatomy will enable the radiologist to accurately assess and diagnose the wide range of intra-abdominal pathologies. In this article, we review the anatomy, boundaries, and connections of Morison's pouch. In addition, we discuss the incidence and development of common pathological conditions within Morison's pouch and the role of multiple imaging modalities in assessment and diagnosis of these conditions.
Topics: Colonic Pouches; Humans; Peritoneal Cavity; Peritoneum
PubMed: 32529262
DOI: 10.1007/s00261-020-02597-1 -
International Journal of Computer... Jan 2019There is a paucity of methods to model soft anatomical tissues. Accurate modelling of these tissues can be difficult with current medical imaging technology.
PURPOSE
There is a paucity of methods to model soft anatomical tissues. Accurate modelling of these tissues can be difficult with current medical imaging technology.
METHODS
The aim of this research was to develop a methodology to model non-intestinal colorectal tissues that are not readily identifiable radiologically to enhance contextual understanding of these tissues and inform medical device design. The models created were used to inform the design of a novel medical device to separate the mesocolon from the retroperitoneum during resection of the colon. We modelled the peritoneum and the mesentery. The mesentery was used to indicate the location of Toldt's fascia.
RESULTS
We generated a point cloud dataset using cryosection images as the target anatomy is more visible than in CT or MRI images. The thickness of the mesentery could not be accurately determined as point cloud data do not have thickness. A denser point cloud detailing the mesenteric boundaries could be used to address this.
CONCLUSIONS
Expert anatomical and surgical insight and point cloud data modelling methods can be used to model soft tissues. This research enhances the overall understanding of the mesentery and Toldt's fascia in the human specimen which is necessary for medical device innovations for colorectal surgical procedures.
Topics: Equipment Design; Fascia; Humans; Mesentery; Mesocolon; Models, Anatomic; Peritoneum
PubMed: 30244306
DOI: 10.1007/s11548-018-1863-y -
Abdominal Imaging Mar 2015The largest and most complex serosal membrane in the body, the peritoneum, lines the abdominal cavity, and the abdominopelvic viscera. It is frequently involved in a... (Review)
Review
The largest and most complex serosal membrane in the body, the peritoneum, lines the abdominal cavity, and the abdominopelvic viscera. It is frequently involved in a variety of benign and malignant processes. While secondary involvement of the peritoneum is more common, primary tumors can be a diagnostic challenge. Knowledge of the anatomy is crucial in understanding the various pathologic processes. Cross-sectional imaging plays an important role in diagnosing and evaluating the extent of the disease processes. This article reviews the imaging anatomy of the peritoneum and mesentery and the common pathologies involving it.
Topics: Humans; Infarction; Mesentery; Omentum; Panniculitis, Peritoneal; Peritoneal Diseases; Peritoneum; Peritonitis; Pseudomyxoma Peritonei
PubMed: 25189130
DOI: 10.1007/s00261-014-0232-8 -
Peritoneal Dialysis International :... 2011Pore and fiber-matrix theory can both be used to model the peritoneal and glomerular filtration barriers in an attempt to shed light on their differing... (Review)
Review
Pore and fiber-matrix theory can both be used to model the peritoneal and glomerular filtration barriers in an attempt to shed light on their differing structure-function relationships. The glomerular filtration barrier (GFB) is structurally more specialized, morphologically complex, and also highly dynamic; but paradoxically, because of its uniformity, it conforms more closely to the predictions of pore theory than does the peritoneum, and it in fact resembles a more simple synthetic membrane. Compared with the peritoneal capillary wall, the GFB has no transcellular "third" pores (aquaporins), and it is far less leaky and more size-selective to proteins, mainly as a result of having far fewer "large" pores. It does have charge-selective properties, although these are considered much less important in excluding albumin than was once thought, and it is also able to select polymers according to their shape and flexibility. Even this property might reflect the relative uniformity of the GFB, which has a high diffusion area and short diffusion distances, compared with the peritoneal barrier, which behaves more like a gel filtration column. Furthermore, the length of the diffusion path across the peritoneal membrane is much greater for small solutes, given the relatively high ultrafiltration coefficient for that membrane compared with the GFB--a situation that reflects both the tortuosity of the interendothelial clefts and the distribution of peritoneal capillaries within the interstitium. These comparisons reveal the peritoneal barrier as a relatively complex structure to model; and yet this model may be more representative of the general microcirculation, and thus shed light on systemic endothelial function in renal failure.
Topics: Animals; Capillaries; Capillary Permeability; Electrophysiological Phenomena; Humans; Kidney Glomerulus; Peritoneum
PubMed: 21555410
DOI: 10.3747/pdi.2010.00124 -
Biomolecules May 2020One of the main limitations to successful long-term use of peritoneal dialysis (PD) as a renal replacement therapy is the harmful effects of PD solutions to the... (Review)
Review
One of the main limitations to successful long-term use of peritoneal dialysis (PD) as a renal replacement therapy is the harmful effects of PD solutions to the structure and function of the peritoneal membrane (PM). In PD, the PM serves as a semipermeable membrane that, due to exposure to PD solutions, undergoes structural alterations, including peritoneal fibrosis, vasculopathy, and neoangiogenesis. In recent decades, oxidative stress (OS) has emerged as a novel risk factor for mortality and cardiovascular disease in PD patients. Moreover, it has become evident that OS plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and development of the chronic, progressive injury of the PM. In this review, we aimed to present several aspects of OS in PD patients, including the pathophysiologic effects on the PM, clinical implications, and possible therapeutic antioxidant strategies that might protect the integrity of PM during PD therapy.
Topics: Animals; Dialysis Solutions; Epithelial Cells; Glycation End Products, Advanced; Humans; Oxidative Stress; Peritoneal Dialysis; Peritoneum
PubMed: 32423139
DOI: 10.3390/biom10050768 -
Nefrologia : Publicacion Oficial de La... 2003
Review
Topics: Humans; Molecular Biology; Peritoneal Dialysis; Peritoneum
PubMed: 12901190
DOI: No ID Found