-
Ryoikibetsu Shokogun Shirizu 2003
Review
Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Depressive Disorder, Major; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Humans; Psychotherapy; Schizophrenia, Paranoid
PubMed: 12876923
DOI: No ID Found -
Schizophrenia Bulletin Sep 2015
Review
Topics: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Humans; Schizophrenia, Paranoid
PubMed: 26209547
DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbv080 -
Srpski Arhiv Za Celokupno Lekarstvo 2015Neuropsychological aspects of paranoid schizophrenia have still not been examined enough.These disorders are usually not studied separately, but are included in the... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
INTRODUCTION
Neuropsychological aspects of paranoid schizophrenia have still not been examined enough.These disorders are usually not studied separately, but are included in the studies about schizophrenic patients with positive symptoms. Despite the fact that schizophrenia represents a heterogeneous group of mental disorders, usually it is not separated from schizoaffective disorder in neuropsychological researches.
OBJECTIVE
The essence of this research is to evaluate cognitive functioning of patients with paranoid schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder by applying neuropsychological tests.
METHODS
The research included 91 subjects, right handed, from 30 to 53 years old, who were classified into three groups: inpatients with paranoid schizophrenia in remission (n=31), inpatients with schizoaffective disorder in remission (n=30) and healthy subjects (n=30).
RESULTS
Both groups of patients showed poorer achievements than healthy subjects in most of the applied tests. Patients with schizoaffective disorder showed global loss of intellectual efficiency, executive dysfunction and compromised visual-construction organization. Patients with paranoid schizophrenia expressed partial loss of intellectual efficiency with verbal IQ and executive functions preserved.
CONCLUSION
In the remission phase, patients with paranoid schizophrenia expressed cognitive disorders in moderate degree, but when it comes to patients with schizoaffective disorder, more massive cognitive, deficits were registered.
Topics: Adult; Cognition; Cognition Disorders; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests; Psychotic Disorders; Reference Values; Risk Factors; Schizophrenia, Paranoid; Schizophrenic Psychology
PubMed: 26506747
DOI: 10.2298/sarh1508391l -
The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry Sep 1991Paranoid schizophrenia is considered to be a rare condition in adolescence. Since this is contrary to the authors' clinical experience, they hypothesized that a...
BACKGROUND
Paranoid schizophrenia is considered to be a rare condition in adolescence. Since this is contrary to the authors' clinical experience, they hypothesized that a controlled study would show that a significant number of adolescents would be diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia and that scores from the childhood version of the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS) would differentiate between the paranoid schizophrenic adolescents and adolescents with other types of schizophrenia or with affective disorder.
METHOD
The authors conducted a prospective study of 120 adolescents admitted consecutively to an adolescent psychiatric inpatient department. Patients were diagnosed on the basis of DSM-III after an 8-week period during which they were evaluated with a structured psychiatric history and psychiatric examination, the K-SADS, repeated nonstructured interviews, and extensive ward observations.
RESULTS
Thirty-eight percent of the schizophrenic adolescents and 14% of the total hospitalized population met the DSM-III criteria for paranoid schizophrenia. The symptom profile of the paranoid schizophrenic adolescents clearly distinguished them from adolescents with other psychiatric disorders.
CONCLUSIONS
Given the incidence of paranoid schizophrenia in an adolescent population, adolescent psychiatrists are likely to encounter this disorder. DSM-III-R should be used in future studies to further clarify the issue of the prevalence of paranoid schizophrenia in adolescents.
Topics: Adolescent; Age Factors; Depressive Disorder; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Hospitalization; Humans; Male; Prospective Studies; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Schizoid Personality Disorder; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenia, Paranoid; Schizophrenic Psychology; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 1894588
DOI: No ID Found -
Schizophrenia Bulletin Nov 2008Delusional paranoia has been associated with severe mental illness for over a century. Kraepelin introduced a disorder called "paranoid depression," but "paranoid"... (Review)
Review
Delusional paranoia has been associated with severe mental illness for over a century. Kraepelin introduced a disorder called "paranoid depression," but "paranoid" became linked to schizophrenia, not to mood disorders. Paranoid remains the most common subtype of schizophrenia, but some of these cases, as Kraepelin initially implied, may be unrecognized psychotic mood disorders, so the relationship of paranoid schizophrenia to psychotic bipolar disorder warrants reevaluation. To address whether paranoia associates more with schizophrenia or mood disorders, a selected literature is reviewed and 11 cases are summarized. Comparative clinical and recent molecular genetic data find phenotypic and genotypic commonalities between patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and psychotic bipolar disorder lending support to the idea that paranoid schizophrenia could be the same disorder as psychotic bipolar disorder. A selected clinical literature finds no symptom, course, or characteristic traditionally considered diagnostic of schizophrenia that cannot be accounted for by psychotic bipolar disorder patients. For example, it is hypothesized here that 2 common mood-based symptoms, grandiosity and guilt, may underlie functional paranoia. Mania explains paranoia when there are grandiose delusions that one's possessions are so valuable that others will kill for them. Similarly, depression explains paranoia when delusional guilt convinces patients that they deserve punishment. In both cases, fear becomes the overwhelming emotion but patient and physician focus on the paranoia rather than on underlying mood symptoms can cause misdiagnoses. This study uses a clinical, case-based, hypothesis generation approach that warrants follow-up with a larger representative sample of psychotic patients followed prospectively to determine the degree to which the clinical course observed herein is typical of all such patients. Differential diagnoses, nomenclature, and treatment implications are discussed because bipolar patients misdiagnosed with schizophrenia are severely misserved.
Topics: Adult; Affect; Bipolar Disorder; Defense Mechanisms; Delusions; Diagnosis, Differential; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Female; Genotype; Guilt; Humans; International Classification of Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Phenotype; Schizophrenia, Paranoid; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 18056109
DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbm132 -
Psychiatry Research Dec 2018Insight has long been linked to both prognosis and functioning in patients with schizophrenia; likewise, it is key to treatment adherence. This study seeks to assess the...
Insight has long been linked to both prognosis and functioning in patients with schizophrenia; likewise, it is key to treatment adherence. This study seeks to assess the association between insight, adherence to pharmacological treatment, and disability in schizophrenia, and to study the potential mediating role of adherence between insight and disability. Insight (SUMD), adherence (CRS), and disability (WHO-DAS) were measured in 80 clinically stable patients with DSM-IV TR paranoid schizophrenia. Psychopathology was assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). In a first step, predictors of disability were identified using linear regression to identify variables related to disability and further a mediation analysis was carried out. Negative symptoms, insight, and adherence account for 54.2% of the variance in disability. Negative symptoms act directly on disability, while the effect of insight on disability is partially mediated by adherence. Insight is key in disability in schizophrenia and should be leveraged in treatment programs.
Topics: Adult; Awareness; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Patient Compliance; Schizophrenia, Paranoid; Schizophrenic Psychology
PubMed: 30278408
DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.09.021 -
Schizophrenia Bulletin 1981The history of nosologic approaches to paranoid schizophrenia and the other paranoid psychoses is traced from the time of Kraepelin. Kraepelin, emphasizing the course of...
The history of nosologic approaches to paranoid schizophrenia and the other paranoid psychoses is traced from the time of Kraepelin. Kraepelin, emphasizing the course of illness, proposed a narrow definition for paranoid dementia praecox (paranoid schizophrenia). He created the entity of paraphrenia for cases with symptoms similar to those in paranoid dementia praecox but without a deteriorating course. Bleuler, emphasizing underlying psychological mechanisms, broadened the concept of paranoid schizophrenia to include nearly all delusional functional psychotic states. After Bleuler, the controversy continued as to whether the paranoid psychoses belonged within or separate from the schizophrenic disorders. Emerging from these historical controversies, current nosologic approaches to paranoid schizophrenia and paranoid psychosis differ substantially. Approaches to paranoid schizophrenia range from broad global criteria, which include patients with thought disorder and affective deterioration (e.g., ICD-9), to narrow criteria such as those proposed by Tsuang and Winokur (1974), which specifically exclude such patients. While some criteria for paranoid psychosis exclude patients with hallucinations or other than persecutory or jealous delusions (e.g., DSM-III), other criteria include such patients.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Delusions; Hallucinations; History, 20th Century; Humans; Middle Aged; Paranoid Disorders; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenia, Paranoid; Time Factors
PubMed: 7034188
DOI: 10.1093/schbul/7.4.594 -
Schizophrenia Bulletin 1998This review examines the literature on neuropsychological differences between paranoid and nonparanoid schizophrenia subjects. Thirty-two studies related to intellectual... (Review)
Review
This review examines the literature on neuropsychological differences between paranoid and nonparanoid schizophrenia subjects. Thirty-two studies related to intellectual functioning, attention, memory, language, visual-spatial, and motor functions are discussed. Subjects with paranoid schizophrenia did not demonstrate higher intellectual functioning than those with nonparanoid schizophrenia, and both groups performed similarly on tests of verbal ability and visual-spatial functions. Several studies suggest that the paranoid subtype is associated with higher performance on tests of executive functions, attention, memory, and motor skills. However, the findings are inconsistent. Methodological issues in the literature are examined, including varying degrees of participants' chronicity and severity of illness among studies, criteria for diagnostic group membership, medication effects, reliability and validity of the neuropsychological measures, and statistical power.
Topics: Cognition Disorders; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Intelligence; Neurocognitive Disorders; Neuropsychological Tests; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenia, Paranoid; Schizophrenic Psychology
PubMed: 9502551
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033305 -
Anxiety, Stress, and Coping May 2023Anxiety is a dominant emotion in schizophrenia. It is most often diagnosed by questionnaire-based methods. In this study, it was decided to analyse the utterances of...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Anxiety is a dominant emotion in schizophrenia. It is most often diagnosed by questionnaire-based methods. In this study, it was decided to analyse the utterances of patients with schizophrenia for the occurrence of lexical indicators of anxiety, which are a good predictor of experienced anxiety and lie beyond the subject's control.
DESIGN
The indicators most frequently described in the literature and considered to be of the most significant diagnostic value were selected: first-person pronouns and verbs; causal expressions and conjunctions; affirmative and negative particles; and dogmatic expressions. It was assumed that more of these would appear in the utterances of people with schizophrenia than in the utterances of healthy subjects.
METHODS
The study was conducted on 130 patients with paranoid schizophrenia and 130 healthy subjects. They were asked to describe five pictures.
RESULTS
In all verbal indicators of anxiety (except for negative particles) patients with positive schizophrenia attained the highest values, differing significantly from the results for the control groups.
CONCLUSION
This result is consistent with the subject literature, which emphasizes the high level of anxiety in schizophrenia, especially in its first phase, when the generative symptoms of the illness predominate.
Topics: Humans; Schizophrenia, Paranoid; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Emotions; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 35561064
DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2022.2076081 -
International Journal of Law and... 1994
Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Dangerous Behavior; Female; Humans; Male; Patient Compliance; Prognosis; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Risk Factors; Schizophrenia, Paranoid; Spain; Violence
PubMed: 7995685
DOI: 10.1016/0160-2527(94)90029-9