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The British Journal of Psychiatry : the... Nov 1997
Topics: Age of Onset; Aged; Forecasting; Humans; Schizophrenia, Paranoid
PubMed: 9463595
DOI: 10.1192/bjp.171.5.406 -
Schizophrenia Research Aug 1997Previous research has suggested that schizophrenics exposed to influenza in the second trimester have more delusions of jealousy, delusions of reference and...
Previous research has suggested that schizophrenics exposed to influenza in the second trimester have more delusions of jealousy, delusions of reference and suspiciousness. We therefore hypothesised that the risk-increasing effect of in utero exposure to influenza would be particularly demonstrable in paranoid schizophrenia. We studied patients with an ICD diagnosis of schizophrenia in England and Wales who were born each month between 1923 and 1965 (N = 17,247. Chi-square test for trend showed that an increase in influenza exposure level during the fifth month of gestation was accompanied by an increase in the proportion of patients with paranoid schizophrenia. However, logistic regression analysis including sex, seasonality and birth period in the model resulted in the loss of any significant association between in utero exposure to influenza and the development of paranoid schizophrenia, the loss of this significance being mainly accounted for by birth period. Therefore, the association in utero exposure to influenza and subsequent development of paranoid schizophrenia we hypothesised was not supported by our data.
Topics: Adult; England; Female; Humans; Incidence; Influenza, Human; Male; Maternal Welfare; Middle Aged; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Retrospective Studies; Schizophrenia, Paranoid; Wales
PubMed: 9323342
DOI: 10.1016/s0920-9964(97)00056-x -
Schizophrenia Bulletin May 2012This article tries to give an answer to the question of whether International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) persistent delusional disorder (PDD) or Diagnostic and... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
OBJECTIVES
This article tries to give an answer to the question of whether International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) persistent delusional disorder (PDD) or Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) delusional disorder (DD) is simply paranoid schizophrenia (PS). Because ICD-10 PDD and DSM-IV DD are identical, we use DD as a synonym.
METHODS
A prospective and longitudinal study compared all inpatients with DD treated at the Halle-Wittenberg university hospital during a 14-year period with a previously investigated selected cohort of patients with PS. Sociodemographic data, symptomatology, course, and outcome parameters were examined using standardized instruments. The duration of the follow-up period in patients with DD was 10.8 years and for the PS patients 12.9 years.
RESULTS
Significant differences between DD and PS were found: DD patients are, in comparison to patients with PS, significantly older at onset. Less of their first-degree relatives have mental disorders. They less frequently come from a broken home situation. First-rank symptoms, relevant negative symptoms, and primary hallucinations did not occur in patients with DD. Patients with DD were less frequently hospitalized, and the duration of their hospitalization was shorter. Their outcome is much better regarding employment, early retirement due to the disorder, and psychopharmacological medication. They more often had stable heterosexual partnerships and were autarkic. They had lower scores in the Disability Assessment Scale and in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. The diagnosis of DD is very stable over time.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings of this study support the assumption that DDs are a separate entity and only exceptionally can be a prodrome of schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; International Classification of Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Schizophrenia, Paranoid; Sex Factors
PubMed: 21078814
DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbq125 -
Comprehensive Psychiatry 1989DSM-III-R subtype-specific criteria and Tsuang-Winokur demographic criteria for paranoid schizophrenia were applied to records of discharged schizophrenic inpatients...
DSM-III-R subtype-specific criteria and Tsuang-Winokur demographic criteria for paranoid schizophrenia were applied to records of discharged schizophrenic inpatients diagnosed according to DSM-II. Those meeting DSM-III-R subtype-specific criteria for paranoid schizophrenia and those who did not, ie, they received more hopeful diagnoses, had equally good prognoses. Good outcome was associated with the presence of prior affective symptomatology, absence of formal thought disorder, or other negative-type symptoms as well as Tsuang-Winokur demographic criteria of onset after age 25, married or employed status, and/or absence of family history. Patients with particularly poor outcome were identified by the coexistence of unsystematized or poorly developed persecutory ideation, symptoms of thought disorder, and/or disorganized behavior. The clinical and demographic descriptors discussed in this report may be particularly useful in creating homogeneous patient groupings for both clinical and rate-setting payment classifications.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Manuals as Topic; Prognosis; Schizophrenia, Paranoid
PubMed: 2731425
DOI: 10.1016/0010-440x(89)90047-3 -
The British Journal of Clinical... Feb 1981The distinction between paranoid and non-paranoid forms of schizophrenia is discussed. The different methods of making the distinctions are examined as well as some of...
The distinction between paranoid and non-paranoid forms of schizophrenia is discussed. The different methods of making the distinctions are examined as well as some of the different variables to which it has been applied. It is suggested that the grounds on which the distinction is made are often questionable and that there is a case for saying that they may not even be tenable.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Prognosis; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenia, Paranoid; Schizophrenic Psychology; Schizotypal Personality Disorder
PubMed: 7236924
DOI: 10.1111/j.2044-8260.1981.tb00491.x -
Clinical Schizophrenia & Related... 2015Though hallucinations and delusions are prominent basic impairments in schizophrenia, reports of the relationship between hallucinatory and delusional symptoms among... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Though hallucinations and delusions are prominent basic impairments in schizophrenia, reports of the relationship between hallucinatory and delusional symptoms among schizophrenia patients are scant.
AIMS
To examine the epidemiological and clinical differences between mainly hallucinatory and mainly delusional subgroups of paranoid schizophrenia patients.
METHODS
One hundred schizophrenia patients, paranoid type, were recruited. In a cross-sectional study, participants were divided into Mainly Hallucinatory (H) and Mainly Delusional (D) subgroups. Demographic variables were compared and clinical characteristics were evaluated using the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms, the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms, and the Clinical Global Impression Scale. The Quality-of-Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire-18 was used to assess quality of life.
RESULTS
Clinically, the H group was more heterogeneous as expressed by the broader range of scores that described the clinical picture of patients in that subgroup (in 43 of 78 variables, 55.13%) and similar ranges of scores (31 of 78 variables, 39.74%) for patients in the D group. Duration of hospitalization was significantly longer in group H than in group D (p=0.047). There was no statistically significant difference between the H and D subgroups in demographic characteristics.
CONCLUSIONS
There are distinct epidemiological and clinical differences between the H and D subgroups, with more severe positive and negative symptoms and greater functional impairment in the H group. Paranoid schizophrenia patients with prominent hallucinations have poorer prognosis and need intensive therapeutic rehabilitation beginning with onset-of-illness. Further genetic studies and comparisons of fMRI and/or PET findings are warranted to investigate additional distinctive characteristics of these subgroups.
Topics: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Delusions; Female; Hallucinations; Humans; Male; Prognosis; Schizophrenia, Paranoid; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 23518786
DOI: 10.3371/CSRP.KRKR.031513 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Oct 2007Paranoia (delusional disorder) is an uncommon chronic condition, characterized by the presence of delusions and the relative absence of other psychopathology. Unlike in... (Review)
Review
Paranoia (delusional disorder) is an uncommon chronic condition, characterized by the presence of delusions and the relative absence of other psychopathology. Unlike in schizophrenia, the paranoiac delusions are nonbizarre and concern experiences that can conceivably occur, and the evidence mostly supports the hypothesis that paranoia is a distinct nosologic entity. The article reviews the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, clinical manifestations and management of paranoia. It is concluded that further exploration is required and greater diagnostic and therapeutic attention needs to be given to the non-schizophrenic, non-affective, non-organic delusional psychoses.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; International Classification of Diseases; Paranoid Disorders; Schizophrenia, Paranoid
PubMed: 18031667
DOI: No ID Found -
Psychiatry Research Dec 2014Unlike the cognitive dimensions, alterations of the affective components of empathy in schizophrenia are less well understood. This study explored cognitive and...
Unlike the cognitive dimensions, alterations of the affective components of empathy in schizophrenia are less well understood. This study explored cognitive and affective dimensions of empathy in the context of the subjective experience of aspects of emotion processing, including emotion regulation, emotional contagion, and interpersonal distress, in individuals with schizophrenia and healthy controls. In addition, the predictive value of these parameters on psychosocial function was investigated. Fifty-five patients with paranoid schizophrenia and 55 healthy controls were investigated using the Multifaceted Empathy Test and Interpersonal Reactivity Index, as well as the Subjective Experience of Emotions and Emotional Contagion Scales. Individuals with schizophrenia showed impairments of cognitive empathy, but maintained emotional empathy. They reported significantly more negative emotional contagion, overwhelming emotions, lack of emotions, and symbolization of emotions by imagination, but less self-control of emotional expression than healthy persons. Besides cognitive empathy, the experience of a higher extent of overwhelming emotions and of less interpersonal distress predicted psychosocial function in patients. People with schizophrenia and healthy controls showed diverging patterns of how cognitive and emotional empathy related to the subjective aspects of emotion processing. It can be assumed that variables of emotion processing are important moderators of empathic abilities in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Emotions; Empathy; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests; Photic Stimulation; Schizophrenia, Paranoid; Self Concept
PubMed: 25288043
DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.09.009 -
Georgian Medical News Sep 2023The problems of schizophrenia therapy occupy a leading place in both foreign and domestic clinical psychiatry. The paper presents the results of a study to identify...
The problems of schizophrenia therapy occupy a leading place in both foreign and domestic clinical psychiatry. The paper presents the results of a study to identify reliable biomarkers for predicting antipsychotic therapy of patients with paranoid schizophrenia of the Kazakh ethnic group in the Republic of Kazakhstan, conducted within the framework of the project: "National program for the introduction of personalized and preventive medicine in the Republic of Kazakhstan" IRN ОР12165486. The effectiveness and tolerability of antipsychotic drugs used in the treatment of paranoid schizophrenia in the Republic of Kazakhstan according to clinical treatment protocols are analyzed. Gender and age-specific dynamics in the clinic of paranoid schizophrenia in antipsychotic therapy in persons of Kazakh ethnicity are described. Certain genetic features of representatives of the Kazakh ethnic group have been identified, which can influence the effectiveness and tolerability of antipsychotic drugs, which determines the basis of an innovative approach to personalized therapy of paranoid schizophrenia in patients of the Kazakh ethnic group in the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Topics: Humans; Ethnicity; Antipsychotic Agents; Schizophrenia, Paranoid; Kazakhstan
PubMed: 37991961
DOI: No ID Found -
Psychiatry Research Aug 2006To investigate the nature of emotional experience in schizophrenia, we examined emotional responses to affective stimuli. Twenty-one outpatients with schizophrenia (9...
To investigate the nature of emotional experience in schizophrenia, we examined emotional responses to affective stimuli. Twenty-one outpatients with schizophrenia (9 paranoid, 12 nonparanoid) and 20 normal controls rated the arousal and valence that they experienced from the presentation of 60 pictures. Schizophrenia patients displayed less emotional responsivity to the positive stimuli and they displayed diverse responsivity to the negative stimuli, which depended upon arousal level. Further analysis, using schizophrenia subtype, indicated that nonparanoid patients reported increased negative responsivity and decreased positive responsivity, regardless of arousal level. However, paranoid schizophrenia patients showed enhanced self-reported experiences of emotion to the low arousing stimuli and diminished responsivity to the high arousing stimuli. This pattern was robust to the negative stimuli. These findings suggest that paranoid schizophrenia patients might suffer from aberrantly flattened responses to negative emotional stimuli, and that this may account for paranoid tendency and secondary social isolation in paranoid schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Affective Symptoms; Arousal; Attention; Diagnosis, Differential; Emotions; Female; Humans; Male; Pattern Recognition, Visual; Reference Values; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenia, Paranoid; Schizophrenic Psychology
PubMed: 16884781
DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2005.09.011