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Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue... May 2006Genetic associations between delusional disorder and paranoid schizophrenia are not well understood, although involvement of biological factors has been suspected. We...
OBJECTIVES
Genetic associations between delusional disorder and paranoid schizophrenia are not well understood, although involvement of biological factors has been suspected. We investigated the incidence of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I alleles in patients with delusional disorder and paranoid schizophrenia, first, to explore a possible immunogenetic etiology of these paranoid disorders and, second, to determine whether they share similar etiologic mechanisms.
METHOD
We employed a nested case-control study design. Psychiatric reference data were available for 38,500 patients attending a hospital-based psychiatric outpatient department between 1998 and 2005. We enrolled 100 patients with delusional disorder and 50 patients with paranoid schizophrenia as the subject cases, using DSM-IV criteria. We considered equivalent numbers of healthy volunteers matched for age and ethnic background as control subjects. All subjects came from an India-born Bengali population. We applied the polymerase chain reaction-based molecular typing method to all patients and healthy subjects.
RESULTS
The HLA-A*03 gene is significantly associated with delusional disorder as well as with paranoid schizophrenia. This HLA gene alone or in linkage disequilibrium with other HLA genes or other closely linked non-HLA genes may influence susceptibility to delusional disorder and paranoid schizophrenia.
CONCLUSIONS
The study reveals important associations between HLA genes and paranoid disorders. Delusional disorder and paranoid schizophrenia may share similar etiologic mechanisms. This preliminary observation may help our understanding of the genetic basis of these paranoid disorders.
Topics: Adult; Alleles; Case-Control Studies; Female; Gene Frequency; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; HLA-A Antigens; HLA-A3 Antigen; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; Humans; Immunogenetics; India; Linkage Disequilibrium; Male; Middle Aged; Reference Values; Schizophrenia, Paranoid; Statistics as Topic
PubMed: 16786814
DOI: 10.1177/070674370605100602 -
The Psychiatric Clinics of North America Sep 2005The Capgras syndrome and other forms of delusional misidentification may be encountered frequently in neuropsychiatric settings. DMS can occur in the presence of... (Review)
Review
The Capgras syndrome and other forms of delusional misidentification may be encountered frequently in neuropsychiatric settings. DMS can occur in the presence of idiopathic psychiatric illness, in diffuse brain illness such as dementia, and in focal neurologic disease. In patients who have focal lesions, there is evidence that right hemisphere damage is necessary for the production of DMS. Although DMS is associated with a pattern of neuropsychologic impairments in the domains of memory, perception, and executive function, these impairments alone do not account for the selectivity and delusional nature of DMS. Therefore, other factors such as premorbid psychopathology, motivation, and loss of ego functions may be important in determining which vulnerable patients develop DMS and which do not.
Topics: Brain; Capgras Syndrome; Cognition Disorders; Humans; Memory Disorders; Perceptual Disorders; Schizophrenia, Paranoid; Self Concept; Space Perception
PubMed: 16122573
DOI: 10.1016/j.psc.2005.05.002 -
Psychiatric Services (Washington, D.C.) Nov 2000
Topics: Delusions; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Israel; Religion and Psychology; Schizophrenia, Paranoid; Syndrome; Travel
PubMed: 11058200
DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.51.11.1453 -
Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience :... Mar 1997
Topics: Adult; Computer Communication Networks; Delusions; Humans; Male; Schizophrenia, Paranoid; Social Isolation
PubMed: 9074309
DOI: No ID Found -
The American Journal of Psychiatry Nov 1984The authors compared loxapine with chlorpromazine in inpatients with paranoid schizophrenia and found no difference in clinical efficacy. Thus a previous finding, based... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Comparative Study
The authors compared loxapine with chlorpromazine in inpatients with paranoid schizophrenia and found no difference in clinical efficacy. Thus a previous finding, based on retrospective analyses, that loxapine was superior to other neuroleptics in the treatment of paranoid schizophrenia was not verified in this prospective study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Chlorpromazine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dibenzoxazepines; Double-Blind Method; Female; Hospitalization; Humans; Loxapine; Male; Prospective Studies; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Schizophrenia, Paranoid
PubMed: 6388362
DOI: 10.1176/ajp.141.11.1411 -
Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology &... Aug 2008Delusional misidentification syndromes (DMSs) and schizophrenia are strongly associated, since the former occur predominantly in the context of paranoid schizophrenia.... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Delusional misidentification syndromes (DMSs) and schizophrenia are strongly associated, since the former occur predominantly in the context of paranoid schizophrenia. However, the possible underlying neuropsychological relationships between DMSs and paranoid schizophrenia have not been thoroughly investigated. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether DMSs in paranoid schizophrenia are associated with a distinct neuropsychological substrate indicative of differential bilateral frontal and right hemisphere dysfunction. We compared two matched groups of paranoid schizophrenic patients with (N=22) and without (N=22) DMS(s) on a battery of neuropsychological tests assessing mainly frontal and right hemisphere functions. No statistically significant differences were detected between the two groups. Our findings are indicative of a bilateral frontal and right hemisphere dysfunction of equal severity in both DMS and non-DMS patients with paranoid schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Delusions; Female; Functional Laterality; Humans; Male; Neuropsychological Tests; Psychomotor Performance; Schizophrenia, Paranoid; Schizophrenic Psychology; Wechsler Scales
PubMed: 18539375
DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2008.04.012 -
The British Journal of Clinical... Sep 1984Paranoid schizophrenics, non-paranoid schizophrenics and normals were assessed on tasks designed to demonstrate their tendency to perceive illusory correlations. It was...
Paranoid schizophrenics, non-paranoid schizophrenics and normals were assessed on tasks designed to demonstrate their tendency to perceive illusory correlations. It was hypothesized that paranoids would show stronger illusory correlations than normals due to the predominance of their schemata when processing information, and that non-paranoids would show weaker correlations than normals because of their impaired ability to establish conceptual categories. Results were broadly consistent with predictions.
Topics: Cognition; Humans; Schizophrenia, Paranoid; Schizophrenic Psychology
PubMed: 6487859
DOI: 10.1111/j.2044-8260.1984.tb00649.x -
Psychopathology 1991Thought disorder was studied in 21 paranoid and 24 non-paranoid schizophrenics fulfilling the research diagnostic criteria using the Thought, Language and Communication...
Thought disorder was studied in 21 paranoid and 24 non-paranoid schizophrenics fulfilling the research diagnostic criteria using the Thought, Language and Communication Scale. Chronic paranoid schizophrenics more often had tangentiality. Other thought disorders were similar in paranoid and non-paranoid schizophrenics.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Male; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Psychometrics; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenia, Paranoid; Schizophrenic Language; Schizophrenic Psychology; Thinking; Verbal Behavior
PubMed: 1754647
DOI: 10.1159/000284710 -
Tijdschrift Voor Psychiatrie 2013Clinical zoanthropy is a rare delusion in which a person believes himself or herself to be an animal. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Clinical zoanthropy is a rare delusion in which a person believes himself or herself to be an animal.
AIM
To assess the clinical and scientific relevance of this classical diagnostic category.
METHOD
A search was conducted in the classical and scientific literature and in PubMed, Embase, and Ovid.
RESULTS
Only 56 cases of clinical zoanthropy could be found in the international scientific literature. Since specific studies have yielded a relatively large numbers of cases in the past, it can be concluded that the disorder is probably more prevalent than is suggested in the literature. These cases may well be not only primary types, based on mental or unclear causes, but also secondary types, mediated by aberrant somatosensory sensations. Treatment of the underlying condition (in most cases a psychotic or mood disorder) has proved to be increasingly successful over time.
CONCLUSION
Because of the possible co-occurrence of zoanthropy and alterations in coenesthesis, i.e. the sensation of physical existence, mental health workers should be on the lookout for cases of clinical zoanthropy in clinical practice and avoid treating them in the same way as they would treat other delusions. All cases that occur should be subjected to extra somatic investigations – including an EEG and neuroimaging – and treatment should be adjusted in accordance with the findings.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Mental Disorders; Prevalence; Schizophrenia, Paranoid
PubMed: 23696338
DOI: No ID Found -
Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni... 2013The Capgras syndrome is one of delusional-like misidentification syndrome in which a person holds a delusion that one or several his/her friends or relatives have been... (Review)
Review
The Capgras syndrome is one of delusional-like misidentification syndrome in which a person holds a delusion that one or several his/her friends or relatives have been replaced by an identical-looking impostor. As any other delusional disorder, the Capgras syndrome is characterized by stability despite the indisputable arguments against fault views. Initially, this syndrome was considered as a presentation of schizophrenia but later it has been described in brain organic disorders, primarily in elderly patients with dementia.
Topics: Capgras Syndrome; Dementia; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Schizophrenia, Paranoid
PubMed: 23994927
DOI: No ID Found