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European Psychiatry : the Journal of... Oct 2003According to the literature, schizophrenia begins in men earlier than in women. It has been argued that the gender-bound age difference is due to the protective... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
According to the literature, schizophrenia begins in men earlier than in women. It has been argued that the gender-bound age difference is due to the protective antidopaminergic effect of estrogens in women. However, the effect of gender on the age of onset may vary between different types of schizophrenias, and can also be modulated by marital status and by age at onset of illness. Comprehensive data were collected on 3306 DSM IIR schizophrenia patients, aged 15-64 years, who had been discharged from psychiatric hospitals in Finland in 1982, 1986 and 1990. The age of onset of illness (AOI) was defined by the age at the first admission (AFA). Male patients were admitted earlier than female patients, and a small second peak in women appeared at the age of 40-44. However, there were no gender differences in AFA within diagnostic subgroups, except in paranoid schizophrenia in which AFA was lower in men than in women even when marital status was taken into account. Within paranoid schizophrenia, this effect of gender was significant only in those of the patients whose AFA was higher than 30 years. It is suggested that there is no gender difference in AOI in early onset schizophrenia. In later onset, paranoid schizophrenia, the illness seems to manifest in women later than in men.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Estrogens; Female; Finland; Humans; Male; Marital Status; Middle Aged; Patient Admission; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenia, Paranoid; Schizophrenic Psychology; Sex Factors
PubMed: 14611921
DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2003.03.001 -
Yonsei Medical Journal Jun 2006To explore whether or not patients with schizophrenia display a more profound impairment of negative emotion processing, we assessed the implicit evaluation of positive...
To explore whether or not patients with schizophrenia display a more profound impairment of negative emotion processing, we assessed the implicit evaluation of positive and negative emotional stimuli. Twenty patients with schizophrenia (9 paranoid, 11 non-paranoid) and 22 normal controls were instructed to classify emotional pictures according to the intrinsic valence if the pictures were black and white. If the stimuli were color-filtered, participants were instructed to press the positive/negative response key according to the extrinsic valence (assigned valence of color). The error rates of the color-filtered stimuli were used as dependent measures. Normal controls made more errors on trials of the positive pictures when the correct response was the negative response key than when the correct response was the positive response key. The reverse was true on trials of the negative pictures. Patients with schizophrenia, especially paranoid schizophrenia, committed more errors in trials of the positive pictures when the correct response key was the negative response key. However, the reverse was not true on trials of the negative pictures. These findings suggest that patients with paranoid schizophrenia might suffer from an impaired ability to evaluate negative emotions and have a loosening of association within their negative emotional networks.
Topics: Adult; Affect; Emotions; Female; Humans; Male; Mental Processes; Schizophrenia, Paranoid; Schizophrenic Psychology; Visual Perception
PubMed: 16807983
DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2006.47.3.343 -
Psychiatria Danubina Sep 2013In the present study we evaluated attributional style which refers to how individuals explain the causes for positive and negative events in their lives in patients with...
In the present study we evaluated attributional style which refers to how individuals explain the causes for positive and negative events in their lives in patients with first episode of schizophrenia with and without paranoid ideation. 43 patients with first episode of psychosis and 37 matched normal controls completed Ambiguous Intentions Hostility Questionnaire (AIHQ) (Combs et al. 2007). Between group comparison of AIHQ scores showed a notable tendency to show aggressive response in overall patients group. We obtained significant elevation of hostility and blame biases scores in intentional and accidental situations in patients with paranoid ideation while the patients with non-paranoid ideation showed greater hostility and blame biases only in accidental situations as compared to controls. Correlations with positive and negative symptoms were obtained. Our findings suggest that patients with first episode of psychosis exhibit difficulties of the attribution biases which are interconnected with symptoms and thus indicate a trait-deficit of attributional style.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenia, Paranoid; Schizophrenic Psychology; Young Adult
PubMed: 23995202
DOI: No ID Found -
Schizophrenia Bulletin Mar 2009This article outlines not only the path of my recovery but also the conclusions of my therapeutic journal that developed over a period of several years. This journal...
This article outlines not only the path of my recovery but also the conclusions of my therapeutic journal that developed over a period of several years. This journal evolved into the following structure: description of personal pain body, moving forward with transformations, and active living--implementation of intention and desire that continues. My journal has evolved from the written word to transformation, current lived experience, and the expectation of good things yet to come. Many transformations were integrated into my thinking and emotions over the years. As I developed solutions to my pain body, the structure of the psychological causes of my paranoid schizophrenia became clear. The voices and interference are at bay, hallucinations and delusions are understood, and paranoid disposition transformed to a more normal way of thinking and reacting. I continue on a low maintenance dose of atypical antipsychotic medication. My hope is that my conclusions will inspire researchers and clinicians and help other peers with their recovery. An open mind, moving forward in work, self-direction, and transformative learning have contributed significantly to my recovery.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Models, Psychological; Paranoid Disorders; Parent-Child Relations; Schizophrenia, Paranoid; Schizophrenic Psychology; Self Concept
PubMed: 19176473
DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbn179 -
Journal of Psychiatric Research Oct 1974
Topics: Affect; Age Factors; Cognition Disorders; Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; Diagnosis, Differential; Hospitalization; Humans; Prognosis; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenia, Paranoid
PubMed: 4617768
DOI: 10.1016/0022-3956(74)90003-x -
The American Journal of Psychiatry Dec 1991
Topics: Adult; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Infant; Male; Methadone; Opioid-Related Disorders; Schizophrenia, Paranoid
PubMed: 1957940
DOI: 10.1176/ajp.148.12.1750b -
La Revue Du Praticien Feb 2015Delusional disorders are divided in French nosography into three clinical disease entities: paranoid delusions, psychose hallucinatoire chronique, and paraphrenia. Their...
Delusional disorders are divided in French nosography into three clinical disease entities: paranoid delusions, psychose hallucinatoire chronique, and paraphrenia. Their common characteristics are a late start, a chronic evolution, no cognitive impairment and no dissociation. Delusio- nal syndrome is often at the forefront with a predominant mechanism characterizing each disorder (interpretation for paranoid delusions, hallucination for psychose hallucinatoire chronique and imagination for paraphrenia). Although these disorders are less sensitive to the medication than schizophrenia, care is based on second generation antipsychotic treatment, in association with psychotherapy and social care. The aim of treatment is to alleviate delusion intensity to improve global functioning and to prevent violent incidents or suicide attempt.
Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Humans; Psychotherapy; Schizophrenia, Paranoid
PubMed: 25939234
DOI: No ID Found -
European Archives of Psychiatry and... Feb 2012From the clinical practice and some experimental studies, it is apparent that paranoid schizophrenia patients tend to assign emotional salience to neutral social...
From the clinical practice and some experimental studies, it is apparent that paranoid schizophrenia patients tend to assign emotional salience to neutral social stimuli. This aberrant cognitive bias has been conceptualized to result from increased emotional arousal, but direct empirical data are scarce. The aim of the present study was to quantify the subjective emotional arousal (SEA) evoked by emotionally non-salient (neutral) compared to emotionally salient (negative) social stimuli in schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. Thirty male inpatients with paranoid schizophrenia psychosis and 30 demographically matched healthy controls rated their level of SEA in response to neutral and negative social scenes from the International Affective Picture System and the Munich Affective Picture System. Schizophrenia patients compared to healthy controls had an increased overall SEA level. This relatively higher SEA was evoked only by the neutral but not by the negative social scenes. To our knowledge, the present study is the first designed to directly demonstrate subjective emotional over-arousal to neutral social scenes in paranoid schizophrenia. This finding might explain previous clinical and experimental data and could be viewed as the missing link between the primary neurobiological and secondary psychological mechanisms of paranoid psychotic-symptom formation. Furthermore, despite being very short and easy to perform, the task we used appeared to be sensitive enough to reveal emotional dysregulation, in terms of emotional disinhibition/hyperactivation in paranoid schizophrenia patients. Thus, it could have further research and clinical applications, including as a neurobehavioral probe for imaging studies.
Topics: Adult; Affective Symptoms; Analysis of Variance; Arousal; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Schizophrenia, Paranoid; Social Perception
PubMed: 21792533
DOI: 10.1007/s00406-011-0227-1 -
Journal of Abnormal Psychology Aug 2000Most previous research reporting emotion-recognition deficits in schizophrenia has used posed facial expressions of emotion and chronic-schizophrenia patients. In...
Most previous research reporting emotion-recognition deficits in schizophrenia has used posed facial expressions of emotion and chronic-schizophrenia patients. In contrast, the present research examined the ability of patients with acute paranoid and nonparanoid (disorganized) schizophrenia to recognize genuine as well as posed facial expressions of emotion. Evidence of an emotion-recognition deficit in schizophrenia was replicated, but only when posed facial expressions were used. For genuine expressions of emotion, the paranoid-schizophrenia group was more accurate than controls, nonparanoid-schizophrenia patients, and depressed patients. Future research clearly needs to consider the posed versus genuine nature of the emotional stimuli used and the type of schizophrenia patients examined.
Topics: Adult; Discrimination Learning; Emotions; Facial Expression; Female; Humans; Male; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Schizophrenia, Paranoid; Social Perception
PubMed: 11016114
DOI: No ID Found -
Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni... 2015A critical analysis of the main concepts of schizophrenia (from the Kraepelin paradigm to the current studies attempted to «destruct» schizophrenia as nosologically...
A critical analysis of the main concepts of schizophrenia (from the Kraepelin paradigm to the current studies attempted to «destruct» schizophrenia as nosologically independent disease) is presented. In author's opinion, the elimination of schizophrenia may lead to negative consequences as in aspect of clinical practice (the diagnosis of schizophrenia provides information about disease course, clinical and social outcomes) as well as in aspect of denial of autochthonous (endogenous) origin of mental disorders that fall under this definition. Based on the current level of knowledge, manifestation of these disorders can't be well explained by the adverse effects of situational, psychogenic or somatogenic factors. The restriction of the definition of schizophrenia («process» schizophrenia) should be brought about by the elimination of a group of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (schizotypal disorder, schizoaffective disorder, delusional psychosis).
Topics: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Disease Progression; Humans; Psychotic Disorders; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenia, Paranoid; Schizotypal Personality Disorder
PubMed: 26356608
DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2015115814-12