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Lancet (London, England) Aug 1979Plasma-paraquat concentrations were measured in 79 patients who had ingested liquid or granular weedkillers containing paraquat. At any given time after ingestion, the... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Plasma-paraquat concentrations were measured in 79 patients who had ingested liquid or granular weedkillers containing paraquat. At any given time after ingestion, the plasma-paraquat concentrations in the patients who died usually exceeded those in the survivors. It is suggested that measurement of plasma-paraquat concentrations is useful in assessing the severity and predicting the outcome of poisoning. Patients whose plasma concentrations do not exceed 2.0, 0.6, 0.3, 0.16, and 0.1 mg/l at 4, 6, 10, 16, and 24 h respectively are likely to survive.
Topics: Accidents; Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Paraquat; Prognosis; Suicide, Attempted; Time Factors
PubMed: 89392
DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(79)90345-3 -
The Journal of Organic Chemistry Sep 2022A flexible cylindrical cryptand () with two -phenylene-26-crown-8 ethers has been prepared, and its complexing properties with respect to tetravalent cationic...
A flexible cylindrical cryptand () with two -phenylene-26-crown-8 ethers has been prepared, and its complexing properties with respect to tetravalent cationic bis-paraquat guests have been investigated. Diffusion-ordered spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and titration experiments using cold electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and H NMR revealed that has versatile complexing properties with respect to tetravalent cationic guests used despite the guest molecules' length and shape.
Topics: Crown Ethers; Ligands; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Molecular Conformation; Paraquat
PubMed: 36026614
DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01188 -
The Medical Journal of Australia Jun 1982This paper reports five cases of fatal paraquat poisoning after skin absorption in adult Papua New Guinea men. Three incidents followed occupational accidents, one...
This paper reports five cases of fatal paraquat poisoning after skin absorption in adult Papua New Guinea men. Three incidents followed occupational accidents, one victim used paraquat concentrate to treat a scabies infestation, and one used it to treat head lice. All had marked blistering and excoriation, and all died from respiratory failure. In developing countries, reporting on poisoning incidents is very limited, and treatment of paraquat poisoning is, for practical purposes, nonexistent. As paraquat is not essential for tropical agriculture, its continued use should be critically reviewed.
Topics: Accidents, Occupational; Adult; Agriculture; Developing Countries; Humans; Male; Paraquat; Respiratory Insufficiency; Skin Absorption
PubMed: 7099093
DOI: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1982.tb124157.x -
Toxicology 1979Paraquat concentrations were measured in tissue, serum, urine and hemodialysate obtained from 3 patients who died 16.5 h, 22 days and 23 days after ingestion. In the...
Paraquat concentrations were measured in tissue, serum, urine and hemodialysate obtained from 3 patients who died 16.5 h, 22 days and 23 days after ingestion. In the patient who died 16.5 h post-ingestion, tissue paraquat levels were high. Kidney and liver had paraquat concentrations of 14 micrograms/g and 13.2 micrograms/g respectively, whereas lung tissue had a paraquat level of 3.8 micrograms/g. Low concentrations of paraquat were detectable in the tissues of the patients who died 22 and 23 days post-ingestion. Early in the poisoning, serum paraquat levels were high and large quantities of paraquat could be removed by both hemodialysis and forced diuresis. During an 8-h period, 713 mg of paraquat were removed by hemodialysis and 340 mg by forced diuresis. After the day of ingestion, little paraquat could be removed by hemodialysis or by forced diuresis; however, at all stages of the poisoning studied, hemodialysis was more effective than forced diuresis in removing paraquat from the blood.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Lung; Male; Middle Aged; Paraquat; Renal Dialysis; Tissue Distribution
PubMed: 494307
DOI: 10.1016/0300-483x(79)90071-4 -
BioMed Research International 2020Paraquat is a widely used nonselective and fast-acting contact herbicide worldwide. This study identified the early predictor of mortality in patients with acute...
BACKGROUND
Paraquat is a widely used nonselective and fast-acting contact herbicide worldwide. This study identified the early predictor of mortality in patients with acute paraquat poisoning.
METHODS
Twenty-nine patients with acute paraquat poisoning admitted at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from January 2018 to August 2020 were included in this study. The early predictor of mortality in patients with acute paraquat poisoning based on the blood tests was identified by correlation, logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses.
RESULT
15 of the 29 patients died after poisoning. Compared to the survivors, the neutrophilic granulocyte ratio, leukocyte count, ALB, and Crea of the nonsurvivors were significantly higher with value < 0.05, while the lymphocyte ratio and eGFR(MDRD) of the nonsurvivors were remarkably lower with value < 0.01. Moreover, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was remarkably upregulated in the nonsurvivors. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the neutrophilic granulocyte ratio, lymphocyte ratio, leukocyte count, ALB, Crea, eGFR(MDRD), and NLR to predict the mortality in patients with acute paraquat poisoning was 0.8905 (95% CI: 0.7589-1.022), 0.8643 (95% CI: 0.7244-1.004), 0.8500 (95% CI: 0.7133-0.9867), 0.7286 (95% CI: 0.5338-0.9233), 0.8167 (95% CI: 0.6620-0.9713), 0.8714 (95% CI: 0.7330-1.010), and 0.8667 (95% CI: 0.7277-1.006), respectively. More interestingly, we also evaluated the diagnostic values of the different combinations of six blood test biomarkers by logistic regression analysis. According to the results of the logistic regression analysis, the AUCs for the combination of the neutrophilic granulocyte ratio, leukocyte count, and eGFR(MDRD) were the largest with 0.986 (95% CI: 0.952-1), and the sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 100%.
CONCLUSION
This study demonstrated that the combination of the neutrophilic granulocyte ratio, leukocyte count, and eGFR(MDRD) could serve as an ideal early predictor of mortality in patients with acute paraquat poisoning. However, further research is needed to draw a clear conclusion.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Area Under Curve; Biomarkers; China; Female; Humans; Leukocyte Count; Male; Middle Aged; Paraquat; Poisoning; Prognosis
PubMed: 33490262
DOI: 10.1155/2020/8894180 -
The Journal of Nutrition Aug 2002The effect of soy protein, soy isoflavones and saponins on paraquat (PQ)-induced oxidative stress was investigated in rats. Rats were fed experimental diets containing...
The effect of soy protein, soy isoflavones and saponins on paraquat (PQ)-induced oxidative stress was investigated in rats. Rats were fed experimental diets containing casein (CAS), soy protein (SPI), and casein with soy isoflavones and saponins (CAS + IS). The diets were supplemented or not with 0.025% paraquat (CAS + PQ, SPI + PQ, and CAS + IS + PQ). The protective effects of soy protein, soy isoflavones, and saponins on paraquat-induced oxidative stress were examined. Ingestion of soy protein generally mitigated the lung enlargement (P = 0.076), loss of body weight (P = 0.051) and oxidation of liver lipid (P = 0.043) and glutathione (P = 0.035) induced by paraquat, although soy isoflavones and saponins did not. To determine whether soy protein exerted its antioxidative effects by preventing paraquat absorption from digestive organs, rats were fed CAS or SPI diets and orally administered a 12.5 g/L paraquat solution. Plasma, urine, and fecal paraquat concentrations did not differ between the two groups, indicating that soy protein did not prevent paraquat absorption. The present study suggests that intake of soy protein itself, but not soy isoflavones and saponins, reduces paraquat-induced oxidative stress in rats, although this effect was not due to reduced absorption of paraquat from digestive organs.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Isoflavones; Liver; Oxidative Stress; Paraquat; Rats; Saponins; Soybean Proteins; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances
PubMed: 12163672
DOI: 10.1093/jn/132.8.2258 -
Fundamental and Applied Toxicology :... Jan 1990The pharmacokinetics of paraquat were examined at a dose which produced lung disease but avoided renal damage. Following single sc injections of 14CH3-paraquat (72...
The pharmacokinetics of paraquat were examined at a dose which produced lung disease but avoided renal damage. Following single sc injections of 14CH3-paraquat (72 mumols/kg) in male Sprague-Dawley rats, blood was sampled via indwelling jugular cannulas. Noncannulated rats were exsanguinated by cardiac puncture during a 7-day test period. Blood, liver, kidney, lung, brain, heart, spleen, gi tract, injection site, adrenals, body, urine, and feces were analyzed for total radioactivity. Histology of lung after 7 days revealed (+1) paraquat lung disease. No evidence of renal damage was observed. Paraquat was rapidly absorbed. Peak blood concentrations of 58 nmol/ml were measured at 20 min. Peak lung and kidney paraquat concentrations at 40 min were 65 and 359 nmol/g, respectively. Paraquat pharmacokinetics (NONLIN) were best described by a two-compartment open model; the mean biological half-life was 40.9 hr. Eighty-five percent of the dose was eliminated in urine by 7 days. The body contained 79% of the remaining radioactivity. The residual radioactivity is associated with prolonged paraquat excretion and, perhaps, progressive lung disease.
Topics: Animals; Kidney; Lung; Male; Paraquat; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Tissue Distribution
PubMed: 2307319
DOI: 10.1016/0272-0590(90)90246-g -
Revista Medica de Chile Sep 1988
Topics: Adult; Blood Gas Analysis; Humans; Lung; Male; Paraquat; Poisoning; Suicide, Attempted
PubMed: 3267934
DOI: No ID Found -
Revista Paulista de Medicina 1982
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Paraquat
PubMed: 7184121
DOI: No ID Found -
Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift... Jan 1987
Review
Topics: Diagnosis; Humans; Methods; Paraquat; Time Factors
PubMed: 3542467
DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1068013