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Microbial Pathogenesis May 2022Shrimp aquaculture industry has steadily increased with demand and development of aquaculture technology. In recent years, frequent diseases have become a major risk... (Review)
Review
Shrimp aquaculture industry has steadily increased with demand and development of aquaculture technology. In recent years, frequent diseases have become a major risk factor for shrimp aquaculture, such as a drastically reduced the production of shrimp and causing national economic loss. Among them, shrimp bacterial diseases such as hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) and necrotizing hepatopancreatitis (NHP-B) and parasitic disease such as Aphanomyces astaci (crayfish plague) are emerging and evolving into new types. OIE (World Organization for Animal Health) regularly updates information on diseases in the Aquatic Code and Aquatic Manual, but in-depth information on the shrimp diseases are lacking. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to provide information necessary for the response and prevention of shrimp diseases by understanding the characteristics and diagnosis of shrimp diseases designated by OIE.
Topics: Animals; Aquaculture; Necrosis; Parasitic Diseases; Penaeidae; Seafood
PubMed: 35452787
DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105545 -
Emerging Infectious Diseases Aug 2021Surveillance for soil-transmitted helminths, strongyloidiasis, cryptosporidiosis, and giardiasis was conducted in Mississippi, USA. PCR performed on 224 fecal samples...
Surveillance for soil-transmitted helminths, strongyloidiasis, cryptosporidiosis, and giardiasis was conducted in Mississippi, USA. PCR performed on 224 fecal samples for all soil-transmitted helminths and on 370 samples for only Necator americanus and Strongyloides stercoralis identified 1 S. stercoralis infection. Seroprevalences were 8.8% for Toxocara, 27.4% for Cryptosporidium, 5.7% for Giardia, and 0.2% for Strongyloides parasites.
Topics: Cryptosporidiosis; Cryptosporidium; Feces; Giardiasis; Humans; Mississippi; Parasitic Diseases
PubMed: 34287125
DOI: 10.3201/eid2708.204318 -
Microbiology Spectrum Aug 2016Parasites are an important cause of human disease worldwide. The clinical severity and outcome of parasitic disease is often dependent on the immune status of the host.... (Review)
Review
Parasites are an important cause of human disease worldwide. The clinical severity and outcome of parasitic disease is often dependent on the immune status of the host. Specific parasitic diseases discussed in this chapter are amebiasis, giardiasis, cryptosporidiosis, cyclosporiasis, cystoisosporiasis, microsporidosis, granulomatous amebic encephalitis, toxoplasmosis, leishmaniasis, Chagas disease, malaria, babesiosis, strongyloidiasis, and scabies.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Parasites; Parasitic Diseases
PubMed: 27726821
DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.DMIH2-0013-2015 -
Revue Scientifique Et Technique... Sep 1990Diagnosis of parasitic diseases requires highly sensitive and specific tests. In many cases the identification of parasites concerns their epidemiology and it is... (Review)
Review
Diagnosis of parasitic diseases requires highly sensitive and specific tests. In many cases the identification of parasites concerns their epidemiology and it is important to distinguish between species and subspecies. Conventional techniques including serology and microscopy do not always meet these requirements. The principle of nucleic acid probes is that a specific sequence of the parasite's DNA is isolated and used in a hybridisation assay to identify homologous parasite DNA from infected material. Since DNA normally remains the same during every stage of the parasite's life cycle this technique has many applications. The use of DNA diagnostics in the identification and differentiation of certain animal parasites is discussed.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Domestic; Animals, Wild; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Helminthiasis; Helminthiasis, Animal; Nucleic Acid Probes; Parasitic Diseases; Parasitic Diseases, Animal; Protozoan Infections; Protozoan Infections, Animal; Ruminants
PubMed: 2132703
DOI: 10.20506/rst.9.3.524 -
Clinics in Laboratory Medicine Sep 2013Molecular parasitology represents an emerging field in microbiology diagnostics. Although most assays use nonstandardized, laboratory-developed methods, a few commercial... (Review)
Review
Molecular parasitology represents an emerging field in microbiology diagnostics. Although most assays use nonstandardized, laboratory-developed methods, a few commercial systems have recently become available and are slowly being introduced into larger laboratories. In addition, a few methodologies show promise for use in field settings in which parasitic infections are endemic. This article reviews the available techniques and their applications to major parasitic diseases such as malaria, leishmaniasis, and trichomoniasis.
Topics: Babesiosis; Chagas Disease; Cryptosporidiosis; Dientamoebiasis; Giardiasis; Humans; Leishmaniasis; Malaria; Parasitic Diseases; Parasitology; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Trypanosomiasis, African
PubMed: 23931835
DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2013.03.008 -
Nature Reviews. Nephrology Jun 2022Parasitic agents have been known to cause human disease since ancient times and are endemic in tropical and subtropical regions. Complications of parasitic diseases,... (Review)
Review
Parasitic agents have been known to cause human disease since ancient times and are endemic in tropical and subtropical regions. Complications of parasitic diseases, including kidney involvement, are associated with worse outcomes. Chagas disease, filariasis, leishmaniasis, malaria and schistosomiasis are important parasitic diseases that can damage the kidney. These diseases affect millions of people worldwide, primarily in Africa, Asia and Latin America, and kidney involvement is associated with increased mortality. The most common kidney complications of parasitic diseases are acute kidney injury, glomerulonephritis and tubular dysfunction. The mechanisms that underlie parasitic disease-associated kidney injury include direct parasite damage; immunological phenomena, including immune complex deposition and inflammation; and systemic manifestations such as haemolysis, haemorrhage and rhabdomyolysis. In addition, use of nephrotoxic drugs to treat parasitic infections is associated with acute kidney injury. Early diagnosis of kidney involvement and adequate management is crucial to prevent progression of kidney disease and optimize patient recovery.
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Humans; Kidney; Malaria; Parasitic Diseases; Schistosomiasis
PubMed: 35347315
DOI: 10.1038/s41581-022-00558-z -
The Korean Journal of Parasitology Oct 2018Korea is successfully controlled intestinal parasitic infections owing to economic development and high health consciousness. The Division of Vectors and Parasitic... (Review)
Review
Korea is successfully controlled intestinal parasitic infections owing to economic development and high health consciousness. The Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases (formerly the Division of Malaria and Parasitology) is in the Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases of the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. It has been the governmental agency responsible for controlling and leading scientific research on parasitic diseases. The Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases has conducted and funded basic research and disseminated the research results to various medical fields, ultimately promoting public health in Korea. Among the noteworthy achievements of this division are the national surveillance of healthcare-associated parasitic infections, prevention and control for parasitic infections, and the elimination of lymphatic filariasis from Korea. On a broader scale, the division's research programs and academic supports were influential in preventing and treating infectious parasitic diseases through public policies and laws. In this review, we summarize the past and present role of the Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases in preventing and treating infectious parasitic diseases in Korea.
Topics: Animals; Disease Outbreaks; Elephantiasis, Filarial; Government Agencies; Humans; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Parasitic Diseases; Republic of Korea; Research; Travel
PubMed: 30419725
DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2018.56.5.401 -
Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery Dec 2019: Fragment-based drug discovery can identify relatively simple compounds with low binding affinity due to fewer binding interactions with protein targets. FBDD reduces... (Review)
Review
: Fragment-based drug discovery can identify relatively simple compounds with low binding affinity due to fewer binding interactions with protein targets. FBDD reduces the library size and provides simpler starting points for subsequent chemical optimization of initial hits. A much greater proportion of chemical space can be sampled in fragment-based screening compared to larger molecules with typical molecular weights (MWs) of 250-500 g mol used in high-throughput screening (HTS) libraries. : The authors cover the role of natural products in fragment-based drug discovery against parasitic disease targets. They review the approaches to develop fragment-based libraries either using natural products or natural product-like compounds. The authors present approaches to fragment-based drug discovery against parasitic diseases and compare these libraries with the 3D attributes of natural products. : To effectively use the three-dimensional properties and the chemical diversity of natural products in fragment-based drug discovery against parasitic diseases, there needs to be a mind-shift. Library design, in the medicinal chemistry area, has acknowledged that escaping flat-land is very important to increase the chances of clinical success. Attempts to increase sp richness in fragment libraries are acknowledged. Sufficient low molecular weight natural products are known to create true natural product fragment libraries.
Topics: Antiparasitic Agents; Biological Products; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Drug Discovery; High-Throughput Screening Assays; Humans; Molecular Weight; Parasitic Diseases; Small Molecule Libraries
PubMed: 31512943
DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2019.1653849 -
Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za... May 2023Currently, the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) is the most comprehensive, systematic, and largest-scale global observational epidemiological project, which measures... (Review)
Review
Currently, the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) is the most comprehensive, systematic, and largest-scale global observational epidemiological project, which measures the national, regional and global mortality and disability of diseases, injuries and risk factors that threaten human health using unified indicators, such as disability-adjusted life year. This review describes the development history, assessment process and methodological advances of GBD, and discusses the impact of GBD on the burden of parasitic diseases, aiming to provide insights into the widespread use of GBD.
Topics: Humans; Global Burden of Disease; Life Expectancy; Cost of Illness; Risk Factors; Parasitic Diseases; Global Health
PubMed: 37455104
DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2022287 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2020Parasitic infections pose a wide and varying threat globally, impacting over 25% of the global population with many more at risk of infection. These infections are... (Review)
Review
Parasitic infections pose a wide and varying threat globally, impacting over 25% of the global population with many more at risk of infection. These infections are comprised of, but not limited to, toxoplasmosis, malaria, leishmaniasis and any one of a wide variety of helminthic infections. While a great deal is understood about the adaptive immune response to each of these parasites, there remains a need to further elucidate the early innate immune response. Interleukin-33 is being revealed as one of the earliest players in the cytokine milieu responding to parasitic invasion, and as such has been given the name "alarmin." A nuclear cytokine, interleukin-33 is housed primarily within epithelial and fibroblastic tissues and is released upon cellular damage or death. Evidence has shown that interleukin-33 seems to play a crucial role in priming the immune system toward a strong T helper type 2 immune response, necessary in the clearance of some parasites, while disease exacerbating in the context of others. With the possibility of being a double-edged sword, a great deal remains to be seen in how interleukin-33 and its receptor ST2 are involved in the immune response different parasites elicit, and how those parasites may manipulate or evade this host mechanism. In this review article we compile the current cutting-edge research into the interleukin-33 response to toxoplasmosis, malaria, leishmania, and helminthic infection. Furthermore, we provide insight into directions interleukin-33 research may take in the future, potential immunotherapeutic applications of interleukin-33 modulation and how a better clarity of early innate immune system responses involving interleukin-33/ST2 signaling may be applied in development of much needed treatment options against parasitic invaders.
Topics: Communicable Diseases; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Interleukin-1 Receptor-Like 1 Protein; Interleukin-33; Parasitic Diseases
PubMed: 32363166
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00153