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Trends in Parasitology Apr 2017Substantial heterogeneity exists in the dispersal, distribution and transmission of parasitic species. Understanding and predicting how such features are governed by the... (Review)
Review
Substantial heterogeneity exists in the dispersal, distribution and transmission of parasitic species. Understanding and predicting how such features are governed by the ecological variation of landscape they inhabit is the central goal of spatial epidemiology. Genetic data can further inform functional connectivity among parasite, host and vector populations in a landscape. Gene flow correlates with the spread of epidemiologically relevant phenotypes among parasite and vector populations (e.g., virulence, drug and pesticide resistance), as well as invasion and re-invasion risk where parasite transmission is absent due to current or past intervention measures. However, the formal integration of spatial and genetic data ('landscape genetics') is scarcely ever applied to parasites. Here, we discuss the specific challenges and practical prospects for the use of landscape genetics and genomics to understand the biology and control of parasitic disease and present a practical framework for doing so.
Topics: Animals; Genomics; Host-Parasite Interactions; Humans; Parasitic Diseases; Phenotype
PubMed: 27863902
DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2016.10.008 -
International Journal For Parasitology Jul 2001A variety of societal and cultural factors will increase host exposure or susceptibility to infectious agents, particularly parasites. Such factors have already had a... (Review)
Review
A variety of societal and cultural factors will increase host exposure or susceptibility to infectious agents, particularly parasites. Such factors have already had a major impact on the emergence of infectious diseases and the situation is likely to worsen further as we enter the new millennium. The changes that are enhancing the spread and transmission of parasitic diseases, as well as those which are adversely affecting host responsiveness, are examined with reference to specific parasites.
Topics: Animals; Asia, Southeastern; Australia; Cultural Characteristics; Foodborne Diseases; Host-Parasite Interactions; Humans; Parasites; Parasitic Diseases; Parasitic Diseases, Animal; Social Environment; Zoonoses
PubMed: 11406143
DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7519(01)00202-8 -
Pediatric Clinics of North America Apr 2013Endemic parasitic infections in the United States are more frequent than is commonly perceived. Intestinal parasitic infection with Cryptosporidium, Dientamoeba, and... (Review)
Review
Endemic parasitic infections in the United States are more frequent than is commonly perceived. Intestinal parasitic infection with Cryptosporidium, Dientamoeba, and Giardia occurs most often in children in northern states during the summer months. Zoonotic Toxocara and Toxoplasma parasitic infections are more frequent in southern states, in African Americans, and in populations with lower socioeconomic status. Approximately 300, 000 people in the United States have Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Local, vector-borne transmission of T cruzi and Leishmania infections has been documented in southern states. Parasitic diseases endemic to the United States are not uncommon but are understudied.
Topics: Black or African American; Albendazole; Antiparasitic Agents; Chagas Disease; Child; Child, Preschool; Cryptosporidiosis; Dientamoebiasis; Endemic Diseases; Giardiasis; Humans; Leishmaniasis; Mebendazole; Parasitic Diseases; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Toxocariasis; Toxoplasmosis; Trypanosoma cruzi; United States
PubMed: 23481112
DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2012.12.011 -
Advances in Parasitology 2008This chapter examines the relationship between atopic disorders and parasitic infections. Atopy is an exaggerated IgE-mediated Type-1 immune response in predisposed... (Review)
Review
This chapter examines the relationship between atopic disorders and parasitic infections. Atopy is an exaggerated IgE-mediated Type-1 immune response in predisposed individuals. Conflicting information exists in regard to the relationship of parasitic infections and the classic allergic diseases, that is, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis and asthma. Attention is paid to the explanations for these discrepancies in the literature found within both human and animal studies on atopy with particular emphasis on helminthic infections. The factors that cause only a proportion of atopic individuals to develop clinical disease have not been defined although helminths confer protection in many studies examined. Early childhood infections help induce a Th1-biased immunity and prevent the induction of the Th2 system that causes atopy. Acute parasitic infections may increase manifestations of allergy, whereas chronic infections with parasites decrease atopic predisposition. Nonetheless, a causal association between geohelminth infection and atopic disorders has not been established. Some helminthic substances, especially the cytokines, have respiratory and anti-allergic effects, and may therefore become useful as therapeutic modalities for many atopic and allergic disorders.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Child; Child, Preschool; Chronic Disease; Disease Models, Animal; Helminthiasis; Helminths; Humans; Hypersensitivity, Immediate; Immune System Diseases; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Parasitic Diseases
PubMed: 18486690
DOI: 10.1016/S0065-308X(08)00203-0 -
Radiologic Clinics of North America May 2022Although many of the thoracic infections endemic to Africa are also present around the world, this article focuses on entities that are emerging or disproportionately... (Review)
Review
Although many of the thoracic infections endemic to Africa are also present around the world, this article focuses on entities that are emerging or disproportionately affect populations living in sub-Saharan Africa. Important emerging or reemerging viral and bacterial diseases that commonly affect the lung include dengue fever, plague, leptospirosis, and rickettsioses. Most parasitic infections endemic to Africa can also manifest within the thorax, including malaria, amebiasis, hydatid disease, schistosomiasis, paragonimiasis, ascariasis, strongyloidiasis and cysticercosis. Level of sanitation, interaction between humans and host animals, climate change, political instability, and global travel all affect the distribution and burden of these diseases.
Topics: Amebiasis; Animals; Ascariasis; Humans; Parasitic Diseases; Schistosomiasis; Strongyloidiasis
PubMed: 35534131
DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2022.01.003 -
Advances in Parasitology 1996
Review
Topics: Animals; Cytokines; Humans; Malaria; Models, Biological; Nitric Oxide; Parasitic Diseases; Plasmodium
PubMed: 8881597
DOI: 10.1016/s0065-308x(08)60218-3 -
Bulletin of the World Health... 1998This paper discusses five parasitic diseases: American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease), dracunculiasis, lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis and schistosomiasis. The...
This paper discusses five parasitic diseases: American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease), dracunculiasis, lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis and schistosomiasis. The available technology and health infrastructures in developing countries permit the eradication of dracunculiasis and the elimination of lymphatic filariasis due to Wuchereria bancrofti. Blindness due to onchocerciasis and transmission of this disease will be prevented in eleven West African countries; transmission of Chagas disease will be interrupted. A well-coordinated international effort is required to ensure that scarce resources are not wasted, efforts are not duplicated, and planned national programmes are well supported.
Topics: Africa; Chagas Disease; Dracunculiasis; Elephantiasis, Filarial; Humans; International Cooperation; National Health Programs; Onchocerciasis; Parasitic Diseases; Schistosomiasis; World Health Organization
PubMed: 10063677
DOI: No ID Found -
Transplantation Proceedings 2011Transplant tourism, travel with the intent of receiving or donating a transplanted organ, has grown immensely in the past decade but is not without risks. Solid organ... (Review)
Review
Transplant tourism, travel with the intent of receiving or donating a transplanted organ, has grown immensely in the past decade but is not without risks. Solid organ donors are potential carriers of infection and rates of infection are high in transplant recipients. Returning transplant recipients should be screened for blood-borne pathogens, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV), as well as bacteremia, urinary tract infections, and other endemic pathogens (malaria, tuberculosis, Chagas disease, and so on). Efforts should be made to optimize posttransplantation prophylaxis against infection. Although donor-derived parasitic infections are rare, rates of morbidity and mortality are high. Increases in world travel and migration will likely contribute to increases in donor-derived parasitic infection. Appropriate epidemiological screening and diagnostic testing, including blood smears, serology, and stool assays, may help reduce the risk of such transmission.
Topics: Humans; Medical Tourism; Organ Transplantation; Parasitic Diseases; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Tissue Donors
PubMed: 21839290
DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2011.06.022 -
Revue Francaise de Gynecologie Et... Mar 1973In temperate countries, Trichomonas and Candida are the most frequently found agents in parasitic disease of the female genital tract but usually a surgical step is not... (Review)
Review
In temperate countries, Trichomonas and Candida are the most frequently found agents in parasitic disease of the female genital tract but usually a surgical step is not required. On the contrary, erratic infectation with Helminths (Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris, Tapeworm, Echinococcus granulosus) can cause genital or peritoneal lesions and an operation becomes then necessary. Diagnosis is made only a posteriori by histological examination. In countries with endemic Schistosoma infestation, localizations of S. haematobiumn in the vaginal wall, cervix uteri, Fallopian tubes and ovary, and sometimes even pelvic peritoneum predominate by far in the pathology of parasitic disease of the genital tract. Usually latent, such infestations can sometimes cause severe and pseudotumoral lesions, the cause of which, here again, if often detected only by histopathological investigation.
Topics: Female; Genital Diseases, Female; Humans; Parasitic Diseases
PubMed: 17472212
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal For Parasitology Oct 2005The fish-borne parasitic zoonoses have been limited for the most part to populations living in low- and middle-income countries, but the geographical limits and... (Review)
Review
The fish-borne parasitic zoonoses have been limited for the most part to populations living in low- and middle-income countries, but the geographical limits and populations at risk are expanding because of growing international markets, improved transportation systems, and demographic changes such as population movements. While many in developed countries will recognize meat-borne zoonoses such as trichinellosis and cysticercosis, far fewer are acquainted with the fish-borne parasitic zoonoses which are mostly helminthic diseases caused by trematodes, cestodes and nematodes. Yet these zoonoses are responsible for large numbers of human infections around the world. The list of potential fish-borne parasitic zoonoses is quite large. However, in this review, emphasis has been placed on liver fluke diseases such as clonorchiasis, opisthorchiasis and metorchiasis, as well as on intestinal trematodiasis (the heterophyids and echinostomes), anisakiasis (due to Anisakis simplex larvae), and diphyllobothriasis. The life cycles, distributions, epidemiology, clinical aspects, and, importantly, the research needed for improved risk assessments, clinical management and prevention and control of these important parasitic diseases are reviewed.
Topics: Animals; Communicable Disease Control; Disease Reservoirs; Female; Fish Diseases; Fishes; Food Parasitology; Global Health; Helminthiasis; Humans; Male; Parasitic Diseases; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic; Risk Assessment; Zoonoses
PubMed: 16143336
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2005.07.013