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Nature Communications Oct 2018Stopping interventions is a critical decision for parasite elimination programmes. Quantifying the probability that elimination has occurred due to interventions can be...
Stopping interventions is a critical decision for parasite elimination programmes. Quantifying the probability that elimination has occurred due to interventions can be facilitated by combining infection status information from parasitological surveys with extinction thresholds predicted by parasite transmission models. Here we demonstrate how the integrated use of these two pieces of information derived from infection monitoring data can be used to develop an analytic framework for guiding the making of defensible decisions to stop interventions. We present a computational tool to perform these probability calculations and demonstrate its practical utility for supporting intervention cessation decisions by applying the framework to infection data from programmes aiming to eliminate onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis in Uganda and Nigeria, respectively. We highlight a possible method for validating the results in the field, and discuss further refinements and extensions required to deploy this predictive tool for guiding decision making by programme managers.
Topics: Elephantiasis, Filarial; Humans; Models, Biological; Onchocerciasis; Parasitic Diseases; Sample Size; Surveys and Questionnaires; Uganda
PubMed: 30337529
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06657-5 -
Infectious Diseases of Poverty Apr 2018Snail-borne parasitic diseases, such as angiostrongyliasis, clonorchiasis, fascioliasis, fasciolopsiasis, opisthorchiasis, paragonimiasis and schistosomiasis, pose risks... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Snail-borne parasitic diseases, such as angiostrongyliasis, clonorchiasis, fascioliasis, fasciolopsiasis, opisthorchiasis, paragonimiasis and schistosomiasis, pose risks to human health and cause major socioeconomic problems in many tropical and sub-tropical countries. In this review we summarize the core roles of snails in the life cycles of the parasites they host, their clinical manifestations and disease distributions, as well as snail control methods.
MAIN BODY
Snails have four roles in the life cycles of the parasites they host: as an intermediate host infected by the first-stage larvae, as the only intermediate host infected by miracidia, as the first intermediate host that ingests the parasite eggs are ingested, and as the first intermediate host penetrated by miracidia with or without the second intermediate host being an aquatic animal. Snail-borne parasitic diseases target many organs, such as the lungs, liver, biliary tract, intestines, brain and kidneys, leading to overactive immune responses, cancers, organ failure, infertility and even death. Developing countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America have the highest incidences of these diseases, while some endemic parasites have developed into worldwide epidemics through the global spread of snails. Physical, chemical and biological methods have been introduced to control the host snail populations to prevent disease.
CONCLUSIONS
In this review, we summarize the roles of snails in the life cycles of the parasites they host, the worldwide distribution of parasite-transmitting snails, the epidemiology and pathogenesis of snail-transmitted parasitic diseases, and the existing snail control measures, which will contribute to further understanding the snail-parasite relationship and new strategies for controlling snail-borne parasitic diseases.
Topics: Animals; Disease Vectors; Host-Parasite Interactions; Humans; Parasitic Diseases; Snails
PubMed: 29628017
DOI: 10.1186/s40249-018-0414-7 -
East African Medical Journal Jun 2001
Topics: Child; Communicable Disease Control; Helminthiasis; Humans; Kenya; Malaria; Parasitic Diseases; Socioeconomic Factors
PubMed: 12002100
DOI: 10.4314/eamj.v78i6.9016 -
Comparative Immunology, Microbiology... Jan 2024Animal parasitic diseases not only have an economic impact, but also have serious social and public health impacts. Although antiparasitic drugs can treat these...
Animal parasitic diseases not only have an economic impact, but also have serious social and public health impacts. Although antiparasitic drugs can treat these diseases, it seems difficult for users to comprehensively utilize the information, due to incomplete and difficult data collection. Thus, there is an urgent need to establish a comprehensive database, that includes parasitic diseases and related drugs. In this paper, we develop a knowledge database dedicated to collecting and analyzing animal parasitic diseases and related drugs, named Animal Parasitic Diseases and Drugs Database (APDDD). The current version of APDDD includes animal parasitic disease data of 8 major parasite classifications that cause common parasitic diseases and 96 subclass samples mined from many literature and authoritative books, as well as 182 antiparasitic drugs. Furthermore, we utilized APDDD data to add a knowledge graph representing the relationships between parasitic diseases, drugs, and the targeted gene of drugs acting on parasites. We hope that APDDD will become a good database for animal parasitic diseases and antiparasitic drugs research and that users can gain a more intuitive understanding of the relationships between parasitic diseases, drugs, and targeted genes through the knowledge graph.
Topics: Animals; Parasitic Diseases, Animal; Parasitic Diseases; Parasites; Antiparasitic Agents; Public Health
PubMed: 38000324
DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2023.102096 -
Examination of strategies for vaccination against parasitic infection or disease using mouse models.Contemporary Topics in Immunobiology 1984
Comparative Study Review
Topics: Animals; Cysticercosis; Disease Models, Animal; Fascioliasis; Giardiasis; Immunotherapy; Leishmaniasis; Mice; Nematode Infections; Parasitic Diseases; Schistosomiasis; Vaccination
PubMed: 6365442
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-4571-8_9 -
Balkan Medical Journal Jan 2018In Bulgaria, more than 20 autochthonous human parasitic infections have been described and some of them are widespread. Over 50 imported protozoan and helminthic...
BACKGROUND
In Bulgaria, more than 20 autochthonous human parasitic infections have been described and some of them are widespread. Over 50 imported protozoan and helminthic infections represent diagnostic and therapeutic challenges and pose epidemiological risks due to the possibility of local transmission.
AIMS
To establish the distribution of autochthonous and imported parasitic diseases among the population of the country over a 2-year period (2013-2014) and to evaluate their significance in the public health system.
STUDY DESIGN
Cross sectional study.
METHODS
We used the annual reports by regional health inspectorates and data from the National Reference Laboratory at the National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases on all individuals infected with parasitic diseases in the country. Prevalence was calculated for parasitic diseases with few or absent clinical manifestations (oligosymptomatic or asymptomatic infections). Incidence per 100.000 was calculated for diseases with an overt clinical picture or those that required hospitalisation and specialised medical interventions (e.g. surgery).
RESULTS
During the research period, parasitological studies were conducted on 1441.244 persons, and parasitic infections were diagnosed in 22.039 individuals. Distribution of various parasitic pathogens among the population displayed statistically significant differences in prevalence for some intestinal parasites (enterobiasis 0.81%, giardiasis 0.34% and blastocystosis 0.22%). For certain zoonotic diseases such as cystic echinococcosis (average incidence of 3.99 per 100.000) and trichinellosis (average incidence of 0.8 per 100.000), the incidence exceeds several times the annual incidence recorded in the European Union.
CONCLUSION
Parasitic diseases still pose a substantial problem with social and medical impacts on the residents of our country. Improved efficiency regarding autochthonous and imported parasitic diseases is essential in providing the public health system the tools it needs to combat these diseases. Attention should be focused on the various imported vector-borne parasitic diseases (e.g. malaria and cutaneous leishmaniasis) for which the country is potentially endemic.
Topics: Bulgaria; Communicable Diseases; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Incidence; Parasitic Diseases; Public Health
PubMed: 28903890
DOI: 10.4274/balkanmedj.2017.0167 -
Canadian Medical Association Journal Feb 1979Much is being said, often dramatically, about the potential hazards of parasitic diseases in Canada, but little or no attempt has been made to determine the true extent...
Much is being said, often dramatically, about the potential hazards of parasitic diseases in Canada, but little or no attempt has been made to determine the true extent of the problem. Indigenous parasite pathogens are recognized in resident Canadians, and pathogens are acquired by travellers abroad or reported from immigrants. The role of each of these categories is important in the characterization of the problem of parasitic diseases in Canada. From data provided by provincial laboratories and hospitals it is estimated that 1 person in 1000 will spend 1 day per year in hospital because of intestinal parasites, and 1 in 100 each year will have a diagnosis of intestinal parasitic infection made from examination of a stool sample.
Topics: Amebiasis; Canada; Emigration and Immigration; Giardiasis; Helminthiasis; Humans; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Nematode Infections; Parasitic Diseases; Travel; Trematode Infections
PubMed: 427669
DOI: No ID Found -
Arquivos de Neuro-psiquiatria Sep 2013Parasitism is composed by three subsystems: the parasite, the host, and the environment. There are no organisms that cannot be parasitized. The relationship between a... (Review)
Review
Parasitism is composed by three subsystems: the parasite, the host, and the environment. There are no organisms that cannot be parasitized. The relationship between a parasite and its host species most of the time do not result in damage or disease to the host. However, in a parasitic disease the presence of a given parasite is always necessary, at least in a given moment of the infection. Some parasite species that infect humans were inherited from pre-hominids, and were shared with other phylogenetically close host species, but other parasite species were acquired from the environment as humans evolved. Human migration spread inherited parasites throughout the globe. To recover and trace the origin and evolution of infectious diseases, paleoparasitology was created. Paleoparasitology is the study of parasites in ancient material, which provided new information on the evolution, paleoepidemiology, ecology and phylogenetics of infectious diseases.
Topics: Animals; Biological Evolution; History, Ancient; Host-Parasite Interactions; Humans; Parasites; Parasitic Diseases; Parasitology
PubMed: 24141513
DOI: 10.1590/0004-282X20130159 -
The American Journal of Tropical... May 2014
Topics: Animals; Chagas Disease; Cysticercosis; Humans; Parasitic Diseases; Toxocariasis; Toxoplasmosis; Trichomonas Infections; United States
PubMed: 24808243
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.13-0727 -
Clinical Microbiology Reviews Oct 2001Parasitic diseases are receiving increasing attention in developed countries in part because of their importance in travelers, immigrants, and immunocompromised persons.... (Review)
Review
Parasitic diseases are receiving increasing attention in developed countries in part because of their importance in travelers, immigrants, and immunocompromised persons. The main purpose of this review is to educate laboratorians, the primary readership, and health care workers, the secondary readership, about the potential hazards of handling specimens that contain viable parasites and about the diseases that can result. This is accomplished partly through discussion of the occupationally acquired cases of parasitic infections that have been reported, focusing for each case on the type of accident that resulted in infection, the length of the incubation period, the clinical manifestations that developed, and the means by which infection was detected. The article focuses on the cases of infection with the protozoa that cause leishmaniasis, malaria, toxoplasmosis, Chagas' disease (American trypanosomiasis), and African trypanosomiasis. Data about 164 such cases are discussed, as are data about cases caused by intestinal protozoa and by helminths. Of the 105 case-patients infected with blood and tissue protozoa who either recalled an accident or for whom the likely route of transmission could be presumed, 47 (44.8%) had percutaneous exposure via a contaminated needle or other sharp object. Some accidents were directly linked to poor laboratory practices (e.g., recapping a needle or working barehanded). To decrease the likelihood of accidental exposures, persons who could be exposed to pathogenic parasites must be thoroughly instructed in safety precautions before they begin to work and through ongoing training programs. Protocols should be provided for handling specimens that could contain viable organisms, using protective clothing and equipment, dealing with spills of infectious organisms, and responding to accidents. Special care should be exercised when using needles and other sharp objects.
Topics: Accidents, Occupational; Helminthiasis; Humans; Laboratory Infection; Parasitic Diseases; Protozoan Infections; Risk; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 11585780
DOI: 10.1128/CMR.14.3.659-688.2001