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Emerging Infectious Diseases Feb 2020Alveolar echinococcosis is a parasitic disease caused by the tapeworm larval stage of Echinococcus multilocularis. This zoonotic disease has not been known to occur in...
Alveolar echinococcosis is a parasitic disease caused by the tapeworm larval stage of Echinococcus multilocularis. This zoonotic disease has not been known to occur in Croatia. We report a confirmed case of human alveolar echinococcosis in a patient in Croatia who had never visited a known E. multilocularis-endemic area.
Topics: Aged; Albendazole; Animals; Anthelmintics; Croatia; Echinococcosis; Echinococcus multilocularis; Humans; Larva; Male; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Zoonoses
PubMed: 31961317
DOI: 10.3201/eid2602.181826 -
EBioMedicine Feb 2017Cancer may be induced by many environmental and physiological conditions. Infections with viruses, bacteria and parasites have been recognized for years to be associated... (Review)
Review
Cancer may be induced by many environmental and physiological conditions. Infections with viruses, bacteria and parasites have been recognized for years to be associated with human carcinogenicity. Here we review current concepts of carcinogenicity and its associations with parasitic infections. The helminth diseases schistosomiasis, opisthorchiasis, and clonorchiasis are highly carcinogenic while the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, the causing agent of Chagas disease, has a dual role in the development of cancer, including both carcinogenic and anticancer properties. Although malaria per se does not appear to be causative in carcinogenesis, it is strongly associated with the occurrence of endemic Burkitt lymphoma in areas holoendemic for malaria. The initiation of Plasmodium falciparum related endemic Burkitt lymphoma requires additional transforming events induced by the Epstein-Barr virus. Observations suggest that Strongyloides stercoralis may be a relevant co-factor in HTLV-1-related T cell lymphomas. This review provides an overview of the mechanisms of parasitic infection-induced carcinogenicity.
Topics: Animals; Carcinogenesis; Host-Parasite Interactions; Humans; Neoplasms; Parasitic Diseases
PubMed: 27956028
DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.11.034 -
International Journal For Parasitology Nov 2000Ecological disturbances exert an influence on the emergence and proliferation of malaria and zoonotic parasitic diseases, including, Leishmaniasis, cryptosporidiosis,... (Review)
Review
Ecological disturbances exert an influence on the emergence and proliferation of malaria and zoonotic parasitic diseases, including, Leishmaniasis, cryptosporidiosis, giardiasis, trypanosomiasis, schistosomiasis, filariasis, onchocerciasis, and loiasis. Each environmental change, whether occurring as a natural phenomenon or through human intervention, changes the ecological balance and context within which disease hosts or vectors and parasites breed, develop, and transmit disease. Each species occupies a particular ecological niche and vector species sub-populations are distinct behaviourally and genetically as they adapt to man-made environments. Most zoonotic parasites display three distinct life cycles: sylvatic, zoonotic, and anthroponotic. In adapting to changed environmental conditions, including reduced non-human population and increased human population, some vectors display conversion from a primarily zoophyllic to primarily anthrophyllic orientation. Deforestation and ensuing changes in landuse, human settlement, commercial development, road construction, water control systems (dams, canals, irrigation systems, reservoirs), and climate, singly, and in combination have been accompanied by global increases in morbidity and mortality from emergent parasitic disease. The replacement of forests with crop farming, ranching, and raising small animals can create supportive habitats for parasites and their host vectors. When the land use of deforested areas changes, the pattern of human settlement is altered and habitat fragmentation may provide opportunities for exchange and transmission of parasites to the heretofore uninfected humans. Construction of water control projects can lead to shifts in such vector populations as snails and mosquitoes and their parasites. Construction of roads in previously inaccessible forested areas can lead to erosion, and stagnant ponds by blocking the flow of streams when the water rises during the rainy season. The combined effects of environmentally detrimental changes in local land use and alterations in global climate disrupt the natural ecosystem and can increase the risk of transmission of parasitic diseases to the human population.
Topics: Animals; Ecosystem; Humans; Parasitic Diseases; Zoonoses
PubMed: 11113264
DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7519(00)00141-7 -
Berliner Und Munchener Tierarztliche... 2011Reptiles are growing in popularity as pets.The colonization of reptiles and amphibians by parasites and the resulting disease conditions are the most common problems... (Review)
Review
Reptiles are growing in popularity as pets.The colonization of reptiles and amphibians by parasites and the resulting disease conditions are the most common problems seen in captive animals.This review focuses on pentastomiasis and sparganosis, important parasitic zoonoses of reptiles and amphibians, respectively, and free living-amoebae. Humans are suitable accidental hosts for some pentastomid species (particularly Armillifer and Porocephalus). In geographical areas with special ethnics, such as in West and Central Africa, and East Asia, 8-45% of the human population can be affected. Usually the larvae are coincidentally found during abdominal surgeries. However, fatalities have been described. Extreme caution is necessary when handling infected reptiles. Ocular or cerebral sparganosis is not uncommonly found in humans in East Asia. This disease is caused by spargana, tapeworm larvae (plerocercoids) of Spirometra sp. The infection occurs when uncooked meat from reptiles or amphibians is applied to wounds or eyes and the parasites migrate directly to human tissue, or by consumption of contaminated food or water. As a consequence of the reptile's predatory behaviour, the full spectrum of endo- and ectoparasites from potential prey animals can be found as transiting parasites in the intestinal tract, e. g. Hymenolepis nana, Cryptosporidium (C.) muris, C parvum or Capillaria hepatica. Occasionally, free-living amoebae are also found in reptile faeces (Acanthamoeba, Naegleria, Hartmanella, Vahlkampfia or Echinamoeba sp.).
Topics: Amphibians; Animals; Humans; Intestines; Parasitic Diseases; Parasitic Diseases, Animal; Pentastomida; Reptiles; Sparganosis; Zoonoses
PubMed: 22191176
DOI: No ID Found -
Parasitology 2004
Topics: Animals; Eukaryota; Genomics; Helminths; Humans; Parasitic Diseases
PubMed: 16454893
DOI: 10.1017/S0031182004007061 -
Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za... Jul 2019Exosomes are tiny vesicles secreted by most endogenous cells, and the extracellular vesicles (EVs) are specifically secreted by cells. Recently, it was found that... (Review)
Review
Exosomes are tiny vesicles secreted by most endogenous cells, and the extracellular vesicles (EVs) are specifically secreted by cells. Recently, it was found that exosomes contain a large quantity of important substances such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, which play important roles in material exchange and information transmission in cell-cell communication, and in modulating the immune response, metabolism, and expansion, metastasis, and drug resistance of tumors. This paper summarizes the recent researches on exosomes in parasites and parasitic diseases and hopes to be helpful for improving the researches of parasites and parasitic diseases.
Topics: Animals; Exosomes; Extracellular Vesicles; Host-Parasite Interactions; Parasites; Parasitic Diseases; Research
PubMed: 31713395
DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2018162 -
Advances in Parasitology 2009
Topics: Animals; Communicable Disease Control; Humans; Parasites; Parasitic Diseases
PubMed: 19622406
DOI: 10.1016/S0065-308X(09)69010-2 -
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Aug 2010
Topics: Communicable Disease Control; Developing Countries; Humans; Parasitic Diseases
PubMed: 20824178
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000812 -
The Western Journal of Medicine May 1981Maternal infections are unique because of their implications for the outcome of pregnancy. Bacterial infections that can be favorably influenced by prompt diagnosis and... (Review)
Review
Maternal infections are unique because of their implications for the outcome of pregnancy. Bacterial infections that can be favorably influenced by prompt diagnosis and preventive management include urinary tract infections and chorioamnionitis. However, viral infections such as genital herpes and cytomegalovirus, and the parasitic disease toxoplasmosis, require specialized forms of testing and a complicated management plan. Altered physiological and immunological states during pregnancy are important in understanding the pathophysiology of maternal infections.
Topics: Bacterial Infections; Female; Humans; Mycobacterium Infections; Mycoses; Parasitic Diseases; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Virus Diseases
PubMed: 7020253
DOI: No ID Found -
Transactions of the Royal Society of... May 2009The aim of this review was to assess the methodological quality of cluster randomised controlled trials (CRCT) for the management of tropical parasitic disease published... (Review)
Review
The aim of this review was to assess the methodological quality of cluster randomised controlled trials (CRCT) for the management of tropical parasitic disease published between 1998 and 2007. A literature survey was conducted using Medline for CRCTs of interventions aimed at managing any one of the six major tropical parasitic diseases: malaria, leishmaniasis, lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis, schistosomiasis and trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease). Information was extracted from the published articles in order that, for each trial, categorical responses could be made to a pre-specified list of 12 questions concerning issues relating to the methodological quality of the trial, including choice of design, generalisability, baseline assessment, blinding, use or non-use of a matched design, and accounting for the intraclass correlation in both design and analysis. The literature survey found 38 CRCTs. Of the 35 CRCTs that reported at least one human outcome, 27 were for interventions in the management of malaria whilst the rest were for managing leishmaniasis (4 trials), lymphatic filariasis (2 trials) and schistosomiasis (2 trials). For every one of the pre-specified questions that concerned an issue associated with methodological quality, the responses were consistent with the practice of trialists in relation to the given issue being generally poor.
Topics: Animals; Cluster Analysis; Elephantiasis, Filarial; Humans; Leishmaniasis; Malaria; Parasitic Diseases; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Research Design; Schistosomiasis
PubMed: 19232658
DOI: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2009.01.015