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Australian Family Physician Nov 2013Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) is a parasomnia characterised by loss of the usual muscle atonia that occurs during REM sleep, allowing patients... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) is a parasomnia characterised by loss of the usual muscle atonia that occurs during REM sleep, allowing patients to act out their dreams.
OBJECTIVE
This article aims to draw attention to RBD, allowing early recognition and treatment.
SUMMARY
As RBD patients are at high risk of hurting themselves and their bed partners while acting out their dreams, improving safety within the bedroom environment and treatment with exogenous melatonin or clonazepam are recommended. Longitudinal studies have shown that the onset of idiopathic RBD may be an early warning sign of specific neurodegenerative diseases.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Parasomnias; Polysomnography; REM Sleep Behavior Disorder; Sleep, REM
PubMed: 24217098
DOI: No ID Found -
Sleep Medicine Jan 2018
Topics: Arousal; Epilepsy, Frontal Lobe; Humans; Parasomnias; Sleep Stages
PubMed: 29258840
DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2017.09.007 -
The Psychiatric Clinics of North America Mar 2024Parasomnias usually present in childhood and resolve spontaneously. The diagnosis of non-rapid eye movement-related parasomnias is mainly based on clinical descriptors... (Review)
Review
Parasomnias usually present in childhood and resolve spontaneously. The diagnosis of non-rapid eye movement-related parasomnias is mainly based on clinical descriptors and can be challenging. Rapid eye movement-related parasomnias may index an underlying psychiatric disorder. Even if benign, parasomnias can affect quality of life. Pediatricians and child psychiatrists should be familiarized with these sleep disorders and suggest adequate sleep hygiene, avoidance of sleep deprivation, and regular bedtimes even on weekends as the first step in management of these disorders. Clinicians should pursue the opportunity for tailoring treatments and consider referral to a sleep expert when indicated.
Topics: Child; Humans; Quality of Life; Parasomnias
PubMed: 38302202
DOI: 10.1016/j.psc.2023.06.009 -
Neurophysiologie Clinique = Clinical... Oct 2018Differential diagnosis between sleep-related epileptic seizures and NREM parasomnia remains challenging. Pathophysiological markers to differentiate both conditions are...
OBJECTIVE
Differential diagnosis between sleep-related epileptic seizures and NREM parasomnia remains challenging. Pathophysiological markers to differentiate both conditions are needed. Activation of autonomic system is present in arousal reactions and epileptic seizures. Our study investigated whether cardiac reactivity differed between arousal disorders and sleep-related seizures.
METHODS
Nocturnal recordings of 50 patients (10 in each group: frontal lobe epilepsy [FLE], temporal lobe epilepsy [TLE], nocturnal terror [NT], confusional arousal [CA], normal arousals [NA]) were retrospectively selected. Timing of the first motor sign and description of behaviours were assessed. Beat-to-beat RR intervals (RRI) as well as heart rate variability were analysed over a period of 60 heartbeats before and after first motor manifestation. The slope and area under the curve (AUC) of RRI were calculated.
RESULTS
A significant decrease in RRI was observed at the onset of all events. Statistical analysis revealed: lower RRI in TLE than in other groups; higher slope of RRI in FLE than in NA and TLE, and higher AUC in NT and FLE than in TLE, and in NT than in NA. Sleep stage, episode duration, vocalization characteristics, lateralized or abnormal posture, exploratory behaviour differed between epileptic and parasomnia groups.
DISCUSSION
Analysis of cardiac reactivity seems to be a useful objective tool, together with clinical features, for diagnosing abnormal behaviour during sleep. Cardiac reactivity in TLE could reflect epileptic discharge propagation to brain areas involved in autonomic control, while FLE and NT might involve a strong non-specific activation of the sympathetic system.
Topics: Adult; Autonomic Nervous System; Brain; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy, Frontal Lobe; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Parasomnias; Sleep; Sleep Stages
PubMed: 30227947
DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2018.08.002 -
Journal of Sleep Research Apr 2019Although video polysomnography (vPSG) is not routinely recommended for the evaluation of typical cases of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) parasomnias, it can aid diagnosis...
Although video polysomnography (vPSG) is not routinely recommended for the evaluation of typical cases of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) parasomnias, it can aid diagnosis of unusual cases, other sleep disorders and complicated cases with REM behaviour disorder (RBD), and in differentiating parasomnias from epilepsy. In this study, we aimed to assess vPSG findings in consecutive patients with a clinical diagnosis of NREM-parasomnia covering the whole phenotypic spectrum. Five hundred and twelve patients with a final diagnosis of NREM parasomnia who had undergone vPSG were retrospectively identified. vPSGs were analysed for features of NREM parasomnia and for the presence of other sleep disorders. Two hundred and six (40.0%) patients were clinically diagnosed with sleepwalking, 72 (14.1%) with sleep terrors, 39 (7.6%) with confusional arousals, 15 (2.9%) with sexsomnia, seven (1.4%) with sleep-related eating disorder, 122 (23.8%) with mixed phenotype, and 51 (10.0%) with parasomnia overlap disorder (POD). The vPSG supported the diagnosis of NREM parasomnia in 64.4% of the patients and of POD in 98%. In 28.9% of the patients, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) or/and periodic limb movements during sleep (PLMS) were identified, most commonly in older, male, sleepy and obese patients. vPSG has a high diagnostic yield in patients with NREM parasomnia and should be routinely performed when there is diagnostic doubt, or in patients where there is a suspicion of OSA and PLMS.
Topics: Adult; Eye Movements; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Parasomnias; Polysomnography; Retrospective Studies; Video Recording
PubMed: 30295353
DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12772 -
Chest Jan 2013Over the past 10 years, significant strides have been made in therapeutics for sleep disorders. In this second installment of a two-part review series, we discuss the... (Review)
Review
Over the past 10 years, significant strides have been made in therapeutics for sleep disorders. In this second installment of a two-part review series, we discuss the current evidence surrounding the mechanisms of actions, indications, efficacy, and adverse side effects associated with the current over-the-counter and pharmacotherapeutics for hypersomnia, parasomnias, and movement disorders of sleep.
Topics: Disorders of Excessive Somnolence; Drug Therapy; Humans; Parasomnias
PubMed: 23276849
DOI: 10.1378/chest.12-0561 -
Sleep Medicine Dec 2020
Topics: Adolescent; Epilepsy; Humans; Male; Mutation; Parasomnias; Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors
PubMed: 33220649
DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.11.003 -
Sleep Dec 2016
Topics: Humans; Parasomnias; Sleep Wake Disorders
PubMed: 27748247
DOI: 10.5665/sleep.6330 -
Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue... Jun 2003To describe a distinct parasomnia involving sexual behaviour, which we have named sexsomnia.
OBJECTIVE
To describe a distinct parasomnia involving sexual behaviour, which we have named sexsomnia.
METHOD
We have used a case series as a basis for the description of sexsomina.
RESULTS
Eleven patients with distinct behaviours of the sexual nature during sleep are described. The features in common with other nonrapid eye movement arousal parasomnias, such as sleepwalking are documented. Some patients had simply been referred to a tertiary sleep clinic for investigation of unrelated sleep problems. A small number had been involved in medicolegal issues. Sexsomnia has some distinct features that separate it from sleepwalking. The automatic arousal is more prominent, motor activities are relatively restricted and specific, and some form of dream mentation is often present.
CONCLUSIONS
A significant number of patients with this unusual parasomnia behaviour were identified only after specific questions were asked, suggesting that the behaviour is more common than previously thought.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Arousal; Circadian Rhythm; Clonazepam; Diagnosis, Differential; Eye Movements; Female; Humans; Male; Parasomnias; Positive-Pressure Respiration; Sexual Behavior; Snoring; Somnambulism; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 12866336
DOI: 10.1177/070674370304800506 -
Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.) Aug 2023This article provides a comprehensive review of pediatric sleep disorders including the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of sleep-disordered breathing,... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
This article provides a comprehensive review of pediatric sleep disorders including the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of sleep-disordered breathing, insomnia, parasomnias, restless sleep disorder, restless legs syndrome, narcolepsy in childhood, and Kleine-Levin syndrome.
LATEST DEVELOPMENTS
Our understanding of pediatric sleep pathophysiology continues to evolve, and diagnostic and treatment modalities have expanded. A low-sodium oxybate formulation was approved in July 2020 in the United States to treat cataplexy and excessive daytime sleepiness in patients 7 years old and older with narcolepsy. A validated pediatric hypersomnolence survey for pediatric narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia with high sensitivity, specificity, and interrater reliability is now available.
ESSENTIAL POINTS
The clinical presentation, diagnostics, and treatment of children with sleep disorders differ from those of adults. Untreated sleep disorders in childhood can lead to adverse physical and psychological consequences in adults. Correctly diagnosing and treating sleep disorders in youth can prevent a significant burden of disease in adulthood.
Topics: Adult; Adolescent; Humans; Child; Reproducibility of Results; Parasomnias; Disorders of Excessive Somnolence; Narcolepsy; Cataplexy; Sodium Oxybate
PubMed: 37590830
DOI: 10.1212/CON.0000000000001285