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Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and... Feb 2020Ketamine is a widely used anesthetic in experimental medicine. We have also used ketamine for surgical interventions and imaging in rats and found significantly impaired...
BACKGROUND
Ketamine is a widely used anesthetic in experimental medicine. We have also used ketamine for surgical interventions and imaging in rats and found significantly impaired ossification between identically performed experiments, which only differed in the number of anesthetic events. In order to investigate this phenomenon, we estimated the absorbed ionizing radiation and also studied whether ketamine administration has disadvantageous effect on bone cell viability.
METHODS
Spongious bone chips and parietal bone disks were harvested from rats. Explants were incubated in stem cell media containing 0.02, 0.2 and 2 mM ketamine. After 3 days of incubation, tetrazolium-based spectrophotometric assay was performed to measure cell viability. Size-specific dose estimation was used to calculate ionizing radiation of computed tomography imaging.
RESULTS
We found that ketamine supplementation with 0.2 mM slightly decreased cell viability, while 2 mM caused significant reduction both in the spongious and cortical explants. The cumulative ionizing radiation was found to be negligible compared to irradiation dosages used to impair ossification.
CONCLUSIONS
We conclude that multiple ketamine administration was responsible for the diminished regenerative potential of bone tissue in the present experimental setup. For this reason, we suggest that ketamine anesthesia should be avoided in studies investigating bone regeneration.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Ketamine; Male; Parietal Bone; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Wound Healing
PubMed: 32046745
DOI: 10.1186/s13018-020-1579-x -
The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery Nov 2013We aimed to assess various bone grafts on bone formation using bone scintigraphy and histology, especially the first study that evaluated the demineralized bone matrix... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
OBJECTIVES
We aimed to assess various bone grafts on bone formation using bone scintigraphy and histology, especially the first study that evaluated the demineralized bone matrix (DBM) + tricalcium phosphate (TCP) + hyaluronic acid (HA) combination.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 44 pieces in groups of autogenous bone graft, TCP, DBM, DBM + TCP combination, and DBM + TCP + HA combination were applied to parietal bones of 24 New Zealand rabbits. Bone scintigraphies of the rabbits were performed at 2, 6, and 12 weeks. The uptake ratios were compared for the different types of grafts. In addition, in 2, 6, and 12 weeks, the graft areas were taken from the sacrificed rabbits and examined histologically.
RESULTS
In the 2-week evaluation, DBM + TCP combination and DBM + TCP + HA combination had more osteoblastic activity accumulation than the TCP and DBM groups. These findings supported that the DBM + TCP combination group showed new bone formation earlier in the histopathological evaluation. The DBM + TCP + HA combination had more uptake than the TCP and DBM groups on bone scintigraphy at 2 weeks, and this uptake ratio decreased in the following weeks. It was thought that the increased uptake in DBM + TCP + HA combination at 2 weeks was due to severe inflammation seen in the histopathological evaluation.
CONCLUSION
The DBM + TCP + HA combination should not be used for graft repair, although it was thought to be a good combination in the early weeks.
Topics: Animals; Biocompatible Materials; Bone Matrix; Bone Substitutes; Bone Transplantation; Calcium Phosphates; Hyaluronic Acid; Osteogenesis; Parietal Bone; Rabbits; Radionuclide Imaging
PubMed: 24220371
DOI: 10.1097/SCS.0b013e3182a24742 -
Journal of Neurological Surgery. Part... Dec 2013We report the case of a 17-year-old girl with an indolent, smooth swelling of the left cranial vault that had been developing for 2 months. Complete surgical excision...
INTRODUCTION
We report the case of a 17-year-old girl with an indolent, smooth swelling of the left cranial vault that had been developing for 2 months. Complete surgical excision was performed and the defect was closed using artificial bone cement. The integrity of the dura mater was conserved and the patient recovered without neurological deficit. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) controls 6 and 18 months after the operation did not find signs of recurrence.
RESULTS
The lesion consisted of an elastic bone shell containing bony trabeculae with soft brown-greyish tissue and posthemorrhagic dark fluid. Histological assessment found CD68 positive multinucleated giant cells in a highly cellular fibroblastic matrix surrounding bony lamellar structures, without signs of inflammation or malignancy. Hyperparathyroidism was ruled out by normal serum values for parathyroid hormone, calcium, phosphate, and alkaline phosphatase. Histologically, first diagnosis was giant cell reparative granuloma and reference pathology disclosed aneurysmal bone cyst.
CONCLUSIONS
The solid variant of aneurysmal bone cyst and the giant cell reparative granuloma can be histologically indistinguishable. Both lesions are only rarely encountered in cranial bones and most published cases affected the cranial base or the jaw, mainly in children or young adults. From a clinical point of view, classification into "outward" lesions (osteolysis of external parts of the vault with preservation of internal tabula) and "inward" lesions (intracranial multicystic lesions with raise of intracranial pressure) has been proposed. Three phases of development can be identified, and spontaneous involution has been described. Both entities are benign, but because in several cases an underlying malignant disease has been found, complete resection and regular follow-up by MRI are recommended.
Topics: Adolescent; Bone Cysts, Aneurysmal; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Neurologic Examination; Neurosurgical Procedures; Osteotomy; Parietal Bone; Radiography; Skull; Trephining
PubMed: 23015296
DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1324803 -
Neurologia Medico-chirurgica Jun 1998Malignant fibrous histiocytomas (MFHs) are mesenchymal tumors, usually arising in soft tissue of the extremities and are remarkably resistant to radiation and...
Malignant fibrous histiocytomas (MFHs) are mesenchymal tumors, usually arising in soft tissue of the extremities and are remarkably resistant to radiation and chemotherapy. A 45-year-old female presented with a rare case of MFH originating in the cranial bone manifesting as a lump in the left parietal region with no neurological abnormality. Neuroimaging revealed the presence of an osteolytic tumor in the left parietal bone invading into muscle and subdural region, penetrating through the dura. Selective external carotid angiography disclosed a marked tumor stain. Examination of the whole body excluded neoplastic disease elsewhere. The patient was treated by surgical excision, radiation, and two courses of multi-drug chemotherapy using cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone. Since there is no established treatment against this malignancy, a longer follow-up is necessary to determine whether cure has been achieved.
Topics: Combined Modality Therapy; Diagnosis, Differential; Diagnostic Imaging; Female; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Humans; Middle Aged; Parietal Bone; Skull Neoplasms
PubMed: 9689820
DOI: 10.2176/nmc.38.359 -
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders Mar 2013Bone is a slowly regenerating tissue influenced by various physiological processes, including proliferation, differentiation, and angiogenesis, under the control of...
BACKGROUND
Bone is a slowly regenerating tissue influenced by various physiological processes, including proliferation, differentiation, and angiogenesis, under the control of growth factors. Shortening this healing time is an important and popular clinical research focus in orthopedics. Negative pressure can stimulate angiogenesis, improve blood circulation, promote granulation tissue growth and accelerate tissue wound healing. We sought to determine whether negative pressure could reduce bone healing time in a rabbit cranial defect model.
METHODS
Four symmetrical holes (diameter, 3.5 mm) were drilled into the skulls of 42 New Zealand white rabbits, with two holes in each parietal bone. For each rabbit, the two sides were then randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. Using negative pressure suction tubes, experimental holes were treated with -50 kPa for 15 minutes, four times per day, whereas the control holes remained untreated. After 4 weeks, the negative pressure suction tubes were removed. At 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks, three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction computed tomography (CT), X-ray radiopacity, and two-photon absorptiometry were used to evaluate new bone formation. Histological changes were determined by hematoxylin and eosin (H.E) staining. At weekly intervals until 6 weeks, the mRNA expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 were evaluated by RT-PCR. A paired student's t-test was employed to compare X-ray radiopacity and bone density measurements between the experimental and control groups.
RESULTS
3D-reconstruction CT showed that new bone regeneration in the experimental group was greater than that in the control group at 4 and 6 weeks. At these time points, the experimental group presented with higher X-ray radiopacity and increased bone density (P < 0.05) as compared with the control group. Cartilage islands and new bone were observed by H.E staining at 2 weeks in the experimental group. By 6 weeks, the new bone had matured into lamellar bone in the experimental group. RT-PCR results showed that VEGF and BMP-2 were highly expressed in the experimental group as compared with control.
CONCLUSIONS
Intermittent negative pressure can promote the regeneration of bone possibly by enhancing the expression of VEGF and BMP-2.
Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Animals; Bone Density; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; Bone Regeneration; Female; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Male; Models, Animal; Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy; Parietal Bone; RNA, Messenger; Rabbits; Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Staining and Labeling; Time Factors; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Up-Regulation; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; Wound Healing
PubMed: 23452626
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-14-76 -
Neurosurgery Jun 2008
Topics: Cerebral Veins; Humans; Parietal Bone; Sphenoid Sinus
PubMed: 18824971
DOI: 10.1227/01.neu.0000333324.50329.3f -
British Journal of Neurosurgery Dec 2016We report a 62-year old man, with painful osteolysis 'Gorham disease' of skull. To ameliorate pain, large craniotomy and cranioplasty was performed. There was no sign of...
We report a 62-year old man, with painful osteolysis 'Gorham disease' of skull. To ameliorate pain, large craniotomy and cranioplasty was performed. There was no sign of recurrence after one year. A brief review of the literature is presented.
Topics: Craniotomy; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Male; Middle Aged; Neurosurgical Procedures; Osteolysis; Osteolysis, Essential; Parietal Bone; Positron-Emission Tomography
PubMed: 27331246
DOI: 10.1080/02688697.2016.1199783 -
Australasian Radiology Jun 2004A case of an infant with an asymmetrical head is presented. On clinical assessment the patient displayed features of deformational plagiocephaly. With the aid of...
A case of an infant with an asymmetrical head is presented. On clinical assessment the patient displayed features of deformational plagiocephaly. With the aid of three-dimensional CT imaging of the skull, a bipartite parietal bone was diagnosed. The prevalence and possible aetiology of a bipartite parietal bone is discussed as well as a brief overview of the common causes of plagiocephaly.
Topics: Craniosynostoses; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Infant; Male; Parietal Bone; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 15230767
DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1673.2004.01281.x -
Singapore Medical Journal Oct 1993Two recent cases of growing skull fractures are presented and the literature reviewed. Skull fractures in children which are at risk of enlarging should be recognised... (Review)
Review
Two recent cases of growing skull fractures are presented and the literature reviewed. Skull fractures in children which are at risk of enlarging should be recognised and followed up closely.
Topics: Arachnoid Cysts; Encephalocele; Humans; Infant; Male; Occipital Bone; Parietal Bone; Skull; Skull Fractures
PubMed: 8153694
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Craniofacial Genetics and... 1995This study describes the prenatal human parietal bone development and interparietal suture morphology under normal conditions. The human fetal material consisted of 15...
This study describes the prenatal human parietal bone development and interparietal suture morphology under normal conditions. The human fetal material consisted of 15 normal specimens, derived from spontaneous and therapeutically induced abortions. The study was based upon a radiographic analysis of the calvariae. Special attention was paid to the parietal tuber area, the interparietal (sagittal) suture and the frontal-parietal bone edge. The osseous morphology of these regions showed a well-defined primary ossification center at the tuber region from where bone trabeculae of uniform size and radiopacity radiated. The uniform trabeculae radiate at nearly right angles to the long axis of the sagittal suture. The bony trabeculae radiate uniformly towards the anterior fontanelle where at the peripheral border of the parietal bone radiopaque, transverse ossification corpora were observed. In the small fetuses, these corpora were located anterior to the trabeculae and in the larger fetuses close to the trabeculae. Insight into the morphological pattern in normal suture formation is essential for the further description of pathological suture morphology and for understanding normal and pathological suture development.
Topics: Cranial Sutures; Embryonic and Fetal Development; Gestational Age; Humans; Osteogenesis; Parietal Bone; Radiography; Reference Values
PubMed: 7635933
DOI: No ID Found