-
Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal... Mar 2017
Topics: Female; Fractures, Spontaneous; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Parietal Bone; Skull Fracture, Depressed; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 27645490
DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2016-311232 -
Archivum Histologicum Japonicum = Nihon... Sep 1983In order to elucidate the cytological features of preosteoclasts and the process of their differentiation into osteoclasts, fetal rat parietal bone was examined using...
In order to elucidate the cytological features of preosteoclasts and the process of their differentiation into osteoclasts, fetal rat parietal bone was examined using light microscopy, organ culture, electron microscopy and histochemical methods. Parietal bones of rat fetuses from 15 to 21 days of gestational age were examined light microscopically. A solid bone plate was found in 19 day old fetuses, but not multinucleated giant cells were observed in either the ecto- or endocranial periosteal surfaces. They were first observed at the endocranial periosteal surface in 20 day old fetuses, and increased in number in 21 day old fetuses. Parietal bones of fetuses from 15 to 19 days of age were cultured and the possible occurrence of preosteoclasts prior to the appearance of osteoclasts was examined. During organ culture, eosinophilic multinucleated cells appeared in the parietal bones from 17, 18 and 19 day old fetuses, and increased in those from 19 day old fetuses. Electron microscope observation of the parietal bones in 19 day old fetuses revealed moderate numbers of mononuclear cells identified as preosteoclasts (Scott, 1967) principally among the osteoblasts and preosteoblasts at the endocranial periosteal surface. Preosteoclasts with ill-developed cell organelles tended to be located between blood vessels and active osteoblasts, and sometimes located close to the bone surface with only the thin cytoplasmic processes of adjacent osteoblasts intervening. On the other hand, well-developed preosteoclasts tended to be located close to flattened osteoblasts and came into direct contact with the exposed mineralized bone between them. Preosteoclasts were not clustered together but were usually found in contact with adjacent osteoblasts and/or preosteoblasts. Membrane fusion between a preosteoclast and a flattened osteoblastic cell was observed. Multinucleated cells were principally preosteoclastic in appearance but some were both osteoclastic and osteoblastic. The multinucleated cells with ruffled borders identified as active osteoclasts increased in number over a particular time span. The cytochemical localizations of ALPase, ACPase and peroxidase activities in the preosteoclasts resembled those in the osteoclasts but differed from the osteoblasts and preosteoblasts with respect to the ALPase activity. An intense peroxidase activity was detected only in monocytes and neither in preosteoclasts nor in osteoclasts. These results suggest that the cytodifferentiation of preosteoclasts into osteoclasts may be induced by their direct contact to the mineralized bone surface exposed by detachment of osteoblasts, and that the detached osteoblasts may also serve as either an inducer or a constituent of the forming osteoclasts.
Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Cell Differentiation; Organ Culture Techniques; Osteoclasts; Parietal Bone; Peroxidases; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains
PubMed: 6661003
DOI: No ID Found -
Archives of Histology and Cytology Mar 1990Parietal bones from mice 1-20 weeks of age were histochemically stained for detection of acid-phosphatase activity and then observed by the light microscope to evaluate...
Parietal bones from mice 1-20 weeks of age were histochemically stained for detection of acid-phosphatase activity and then observed by the light microscope to evaluate the distribution and shape of osteoclasts on the inner surface of their bones. After microscopic examination, the same bones were macerated by NaOCl to both remove organic materials and expose the mineralized surface. The inner surface was then examined by scanning electron microscopy and the observations were compared with the light micrographs of the areas where osteoclasts were located. The bone resorption areas were identified as well-demarcated rough areas, and corresponded to the areas where osteoclasts were distributed. In young mice, osteoclasts observed in the bone resorption areas, which were composed of accumulations of irregular concavities, were mainly polygonal or round in shape. In adult mice, elongated osteoclasts with longer or shorter cytoplasmic processes were predominant; the bone concavities were also elongated and gathered in a flame-like pattern. The findings suggest that osteoclasts change shape according to their resorptive activities and that the activities differ between growing bones and those where growth has ceased, probably in relation to the modeling and remodeling of the bone.
Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Animals; Bone Resorption; Cell Communication; Histocytochemistry; Mice; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Osteoclasts; Parietal Bone
PubMed: 2364014
DOI: 10.1679/aohc.53.95 -
Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi Jun 2022
Topics: Fractures, Bone; Humans; Paralysis; Parietal Bone; Superior Sagittal Sinus; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 36221845
DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2021.210302 -
American Journal of Primatology Jan 2021Parietal external surface disruption routinely referred to as porotic hyperostosis, and orbital alterations (cribra orbitalia), have been attributed to anemia-related...
Parietal external surface disruption routinely referred to as porotic hyperostosis, and orbital alterations (cribra orbitalia), have been attributed to anemia-related bone marrow hyperplasia in humans. A recent study in humans identified that they were actually vascular in nature. Skeletons were examined and epi-illumination surface microscopy was performed on the parietal region and orbit of 156 Hominidae and 123 Hylobotidae to assess if these phenomena were trans-phylogenetic. Trans-cortical channels were recognized on the basis of visualized ectocranial surface defects penetrating the parietal; cribra orbitalia, by alteration of the normally smooth orbital roof appearance. Trans-cortical parietal channels, ranging in size from 20 to 100 µm, are rare in Gorilla and Pan troglodytes and absent in Pan paniscus. They are universally present in adult Pongo abeli and in Hylobatidae, independent of species. Cribra orbitalia was common in Hylobotidae, Pongo pygmaeus and P. abelii, less prevalent in adult P. troglodytes, and not recognized in any Gorilla gorilla or P. paniscus examined. The proliferative form predominated, with the exception of Hylobates concolor and muelleri, in which uncalcified vascular grooves predominated. No correlation was observed between the presence of either trans-cortical channels or cribra orbitalia and fractures, osteoarthritis, or inflammatory arthritis. Parietal alterations observed in apes are trans-cortical channels, analogous to those observed in humans, and do not represent porosity. Similarly, cribra orbitalia in apes is confirmed as vascular in nature. The proliferative form apparently represents calcification of blood vessel walls, indistinguishable from observations in humans. Predominant presence in adults rather than in juveniles suggests that both forms are acquired rather than developmental in derivation. Sex and bone alteration/disease-independence suggests that mechanical, endocrine, and inflammatory phenomena do not contribute to the development of either. Further, independent occurrence of trans-cortical channels and cribra orbitalia suggests that they do not have a shared etiology.
Topics: Anemia; Animals; Ape Diseases; Female; Hominidae; Hylobatidae; Male; Orbit; Parietal Bone; Phylogeny; Species Specificity
PubMed: 33347652
DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23227 -
No Shinkei Geka. Neurological Surgery 1988Benign osteoblastoma accounts for less than 1% of the primary bone tumors and the calvarial lesion is extremely rare. There are only 12 reported cases in the literature... (Review)
Review
Benign osteoblastoma accounts for less than 1% of the primary bone tumors and the calvarial lesion is extremely rare. There are only 12 reported cases in the literature as far as we could collect. We have presented a case of benign osteoblastoma originated from the parietal bone. This 9-year-old boy struck his head on the parietal region and noticed the bulging at the same site. A month later he visited to Fukuoka University Hospital because of persistent bulging of the same site. Neurological examinations were normal. Plain skull roentgenogram on Towne view showed radiolucent area in the midline of parietal bones with irregular margins and in tangential view the outer table revealed thinning and expanding. Coronal CT scan demonstrated same abnormality and intact inner table. The tumor was located within the dipole in the bilateral parietal bones and was removed by a simple curettage. The microscopic feature showed numerous osteoblasts, osteoblastic rimming and many multinucleated giant cells. These indicated a typical benign osteoblastoma. He has been doing well one year after the operation without any evidence of recurrence.
Topics: Child; Humans; Male; Osteoma, Osteoid; Parietal Bone; Radiography; Skull Neoplasms
PubMed: 3041299
DOI: No ID Found -
Archives de Pediatrie : Organe Officiel... Apr 2010We describe the case of a male newborn born at 37 weeks of gestation. Complete radiological assessment because of suspected skull fracture revealed the diagnosis of a...
We describe the case of a male newborn born at 37 weeks of gestation. Complete radiological assessment because of suspected skull fracture revealed the diagnosis of a bipartite parietal bone. A brief review of the literature shows the exceptional character of this anatomical variant, whose origin is unclear at the present time.
Topics: Birth Injuries; Diagnosis, Differential; Echoencephalography; Hematoma; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Male; Parietal Bone; Plagiocephaly, Nonsynostotic; Scalp; Skull Fractures; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Vacuum Extraction, Obstetrical
PubMed: 20202802
DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2010.01.009 -
Clinical Oral Implants Research Mar 2017To evaluate the effect of recombinant Wnt3a delivery on the bone regeneration potential following application of the guided bone regeneration (GBR) principle.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effect of recombinant Wnt3a delivery on the bone regeneration potential following application of the guided bone regeneration (GBR) principle.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A critical-size calvarial defect was created on each parietal bone of 14 Wistar strain rats. One defect was used as the test side and was treated with a collagen sponge carrying 2.0 μg of recombinant Wnt3a protein, whereas the contralateral side served as sham-operated control. Both defects were covered at both the extracranial and intracranial aspects with ePTFE non-resorbable membranes, according to the GBR principle. Following healing periods of 4 and 7 days, qualitative histological and histomorphometric evaluation of undecalcified sections was performed in subgroups of seven animals. The primary outcome parameter was the mean percentage of defect closure in the test and control defects.
RESULTS
At 4 days of healing, a network of coagulum and fibrin was observed and initial signs of granulation tissue formation were evident with no apparent differences between the test and control groups. At 7 days of healing, the test group presented newly formed woven bone, originating from the borders of the defect, as opposed to the control group, whereby woven bone formation was not observed in any of the specimens.
CONCLUSIONS
The delivery of mouse recombinant Wnt-3a protein in combination with GBR may promote woven bone formation in critical-size calvarial defects at 7 days of healing.
Topics: Animals; Bone Regeneration; Parietal Bone; Photomicrography; Rats, Wistar; Recombinant Proteins; Wnt3A Protein
PubMed: 27018132
DOI: 10.1111/clr.12796 -
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Oct 2005
Topics: Bone Transplantation; Craniotomy; Facial Injuries; Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone; Frontal Bone; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Parietal Bone; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Skull Neoplasms; Surgical Flaps; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 16217447
DOI: 10.1097/01.prs.0000177277.36391.28 -
Annales Academiae Medicae Stetinensis 2002Seventy-two parietal bones from human fetuses aged 15 to 29 weeks were studied. Three age groups were formed: I--15-19 weeks; II--19-24 weeks, III--25-29 weeks. The...
Seventy-two parietal bones from human fetuses aged 15 to 29 weeks were studied. Three age groups were formed: I--15-19 weeks; II--19-24 weeks, III--25-29 weeks. The width and length of each parietal bone was determined. Microradiological studies were done with the Unipan 401 X-ray apparatus. Subsequently, pulverized bone for biochemical studies was prepared. Calcium, magnesium, zinc and iron content was determined using atomic spectrophotometry. Phosphates were measured with a colorimetric method and fluorine was assayed using an ion-selective electrode. The dimensions of fetal parietal bones changed almost linearly with age until the 20th week of life when a deceleration in the growth rate was noted (Tables 1, 2, 3, 4). This finding could be useful for estimation of fetal age when other methods are unavailable. The parietal bone is formed from one or two primary ossification centers lying in the same plane or one above the other (Figs. 1, 2, 3). Fusion of primary ossification centers was observed between 15 and 19 weeks of life (Fig. 3). Trabeculae radiate from the primary ossification center to the periphery of the parietal bone and take the form of a "coral reef" within the tuber (Figs. 2 and 5). Transverse ossification which was not coordinated with the growth of trabeculae from the primary ossification center was observed between week 15 and 19 of intrauterine life (Fig. 2). Fusion of peripheral trabeculae with those from the ossification center takes place at a later stage of osteogenesis (Fig. 4). Parietal bones of 29-week-old fetuses consisted of two layers of trabeculae and a distinct tuber, except for the sagittal and coronal sutures and the anterior fontanel, where a single layer of trabeculae was observed. Trabeculae were well developed and densely packed (Fig. 5). Analysis of the mineral composition of fetal parietal bones confirmed that the major elements are calcium and phosphorus and that their content increases with age (Figs. 6 and 7). Fluorine content differed widely and was unrelated to age (Fig. 9, Tab. 1). The importance of fluorine in the process of mineralization of parietal bones requires further study. Magnesium content increased with age (Fig. 8) and did not correlate with calcium or phosphorus. Apparently, these elements play different roles in the process of mineralization. The content of zinc and iron, two labile components of bone, decreased with age (Figs. 10 and 11). Some of these changes could have taken place during storage of the bones.
Topics: Calcium; Humans; Iron; Magnesium; Osteogenesis; Parietal Bone; Phosphates; Radiography; Zinc
PubMed: 14601475
DOI: No ID Found