-
Journal of Analytical Toxicology Oct 2015Paroxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor commonly prescribed for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety...
Paroxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor commonly prescribed for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. While the use of paroxetine is considered relatively safe, negative side effects, including nausea, drowsiness, insomnia and dizziness, can adversely affect a pilot's ability to safely operate an aircraft. The use of paroxetine may increase suicidal behavior and suicidal ideation. When relying on postmortem specimens for toxicological evaluation, a general understanding of drug distribution throughout postmortem specimens is important. This laboratory has determined the distribution of paroxetine in postmortem tissues and fluids from nine aviation accident fatalities. Specimens were processed using an n-butyl chloride liquid/liquid extraction followed by gas chromatographic/mass spectrometeric analysis. Blood paroxetine concentrations obtained from these cases ranged from 0.019 to 0.865 µg/mL. The distribution of paroxetine, expressed as mean specimen/blood ratio, was 1.67 ± 1.16 urine (n = 4), 0.08 ± 0.04 vitreous humor (n = 6), 5.77 ± 1.37 liver (n = 8), 9.66 ± 2.58 lung (n = 9), 1.44 ± 0.57 kidney (n = 8), 3.80 ± 0.69 spleen (n = 8), 0.15 ± 0.04 muscle (n = 8), 4.27 ± 2.64 brain (n = 7) and 1.05 ± 0.43 heart (n = 8). The large standard deviations associated with the paroxetine distribution coefficients suggest that paroxetine can experience significant postmortem concentration changes.
Topics: Accidents, Aviation; Body Fluids; Forensic Toxicology; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Limit of Detection; Paroxetine; Postmortem Changes
PubMed: 26378138
DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkv080 -
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 2003The elderly population is growing at a rapid rate and currently constitutes more than 12% of the United States' population. Within the next 30 years, the number of... (Review)
Review
The elderly population is growing at a rapid rate and currently constitutes more than 12% of the United States' population. Within the next 30 years, the number of elderly persons is expected to more than double, creating a concerning situation regarding provision of healthcare services. Depression is a prevalent and underrecognized disorder in older adults and is associated with both increased healthcare utilization and suicide. Treatment of depression improves quality of life and reduces functional decline and suicidal ideation. Maintenance therapy for depression is commonly overlooked and must be emphasized for management of depression in elderly patients. First-line treatment options include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), one of which, paroxetine, has been studied extensively in older adults. The findings of studies that have evaluated the efficacy of paroxetine demonstrate successful treatment of depression and long-term relapse prevention in this population. With the significant personal and societal burden that is associated with major depression in the elderly, appropriate treatment is important and must be incorporated into standard practices by healthcare professionals.
Topics: Aged; Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; Cognition Disorders; Delayed-Action Preparations; Depressive Disorder; Humans; Paroxetine; Suicide Prevention
PubMed: 14566207
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Analytical Toxicology 1999
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; Autopsy; Cause of Death; Drug Interactions; Drug Overdose; Humans; Paroxetine
PubMed: 10445495
DOI: 10.1093/jat/23.4.297 -
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica Sep 1999The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of paroxetine treatment in social anxiety disorder. (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of paroxetine treatment in social anxiety disorder.
METHOD
Previously undiagnosed and untreated subjects with social anxiety disorder (generalized social phobia) were selected from among responders to a newspaper advertisement. They were randomized to double-blind treatment with paroxetine 20-50 mg daily or placebo for 3 months. Outcome measures were self-rated social anxiety and avoidance behaviour, and clinician-rated global assessment of improvement.
RESULTS
Significant differences in efficacy between treatments (intent-to-treat analysis: 44 subjects on paroxetine and 48 subjects on placebo) were noted after 4-6 weeks, increasing through the treatment period in the paroxetine group. Nine subjects on paroxetine and 3 subjects on placebo discontinued the treatment due to adverse events. Sexual side-effects were noted by 18 subjects on paroxetine and 4 subjects on placebo.
CONCLUSION
Paroxetine was effective in alleviating symptoms and avoidance behaviour in social anxiety disorder.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Paroxetine; Phobic Disorders; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; Sexual Behavior; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 10493085
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1999.tb10845.x -
The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry Nov 1996Several open trials suggest the efficacy of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in social phobia. This study attempted to assess the efficacy of... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
BACKGROUND
Several open trials suggest the efficacy of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in social phobia. This study attempted to assess the efficacy of paroxetine, a new SSRI, in the treatment of social phobia.
METHOD
Paroxetine was administered to 18 patients who had a primary DSM-III-R diagnosis of social phobia, generalized type (diagnosed by using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R), in a 12-week open, clinical trial. Treatment began at 10 mg of paroxetine daily and was increased according to clinical response and side effects. Patients completed self-report measures at baseline and at Weeks 4, 8, and 12. These measures included the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale, the Social Avoidance and Distress Scale, the Social Anxiety Thoughts Questionnaire, the Fear Questionnaire, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Social Adjustment Scale Self-Report, and the Sheehan Disability Scale. Clinicians completed the Liebowitz Panic and Social Phobic Disorders Rating Form.
RESULTS
All 18 patients completed the 12-week trial. Fifteen (83.3%) were considered responders (moderate or marked improvement), and 3 (16.7%) were considered to be nonresponders (minimal improvement or no change of their symptoms). All measures of social anxiety, social phobic avoidance, depression, and social functioning showed a statistically significant change at endpoint.
CONCLUSION
These findings support a role for paroxetine in the treatment of social phobia, generalized type. Controlled studies will be required to further investigate this preliminary finding as well as to compare paroxetine with other pharmacologic treatments of social phobia.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Paroxetine; Personality Inventory; Phobic Disorders; Pilot Projects; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 8968300
DOI: 10.4088/jcp.v57n1103 -
CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association... Nov 2005
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adolescent; Adult; Databases, Factual; Female; Humans; Incidence; Middle Aged; Paroxetine; Pregnancy; Retrospective Studies; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; United States
PubMed: 16272192
DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.051421 -
Marine Pollution Bulletin Apr 2022An open experimental setup was established in order to explore the toxic effects of the antidepressant paroxetine on meiobenthic nematodes. Three types of microcosms...
An open experimental setup was established in order to explore the toxic effects of the antidepressant paroxetine on meiobenthic nematodes. Three types of microcosms made from polyvinyl chloride tubes, each comprising two sediments compartments (upper and lower), were used in a laboratory experiment for 15 days. The experimental setup targeted the migratory behaviour of the nematofauna from the above compartments, which were exposed to paroxetine (0.4 and 40 μg.l), towards below compartments. The univariate indices significantly decrease in the contaminated compartments compared to controls. Multivariate analyses revealed also significant taxonomic dissimilarities between contaminated and uncontaminated compartments. Furthermore, SIMPER functional outcomes highlighted a significant decrease in 2A feeding groups, 'co' tail shape, 1-2 mm interval length, 'cr' amphid shape, and c-p2 life history in contaminated compartments. Computational approach showed that paroxetine bound GLD-3 and SDP with high affinities, which together with molecular interactions and toxicokinetics satisfactorily explain the experimental results.
Topics: Animal Migration; Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Multivariate Analysis; Nematoda; Paroxetine
PubMed: 35314393
DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113558 -
The Annals of Pharmacotherapy Oct 2006To report a case of palmar-plantar hyperhidrosis (PPH) in which paroxetine was found to be helpful.
OBJECTIVE
To report a case of palmar-plantar hyperhidrosis (PPH) in which paroxetine was found to be helpful.
CASE SUMMARY
A 32-year-old man with a history of excessive sweating of the palms and soles since childhood was diagnosed with PPH and was prescribed paroxetine 10 mg/day, which was increased to 20 mg/day. After one month, he experienced a marked reduction in sweating and improvement in socio-occupational functioning, which were sustained during follow-up at 6 months without any emergent adverse effects.
DISCUSSION
Paroxetine's anticholinergic action may be responsible for its beneficial effect in PPH, as it may override the adrenergic mechanism, which has a minor effect on sweating from eccrine glands. Alternatively, paroxetine's beneficial effect in PPH may be secondary to its antianxiety effect, through central mechanisms.
CONCLUSIONS
Paroxetine may be a useful option in the treatment of PPH.
Topics: Adult; Foot; Hand; Humans; Hyperhidrosis; Male; Paroxetine
PubMed: 16940407
DOI: 10.1345/aph.1H208 -
Journal of Pain and Symptom Management Aug 1998Pruritus associated with malignancy may be one of the most bothersome symptoms in advanced cancer. Its control is still difficult to achieve and is a challenge to...
Pruritus associated with malignancy may be one of the most bothersome symptoms in advanced cancer. Its control is still difficult to achieve and is a challenge to palliative medicine specialists. We describe five patients suffering from pruritus of different etiologies who responded rapidly to administration of paroxetine, a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, in a dose-dependent manner. Two patients experienced transient but severe nausea and vomiting. We suggest that paroxetine's antipruritic effect may be explained by rapid downregulation of the 5-HTs receptors, which may have an important role in the generation of pruritus and pain.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Child, Preschool; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Paroxetine; Pruritus; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
PubMed: 9737103
DOI: 10.1016/s0885-3924(98)00048-7 -
International Clinical... Jul 2003Previous studies have suggested the efficacy of serotonergic agents in the treatment of pathological gambling. The aim of the present study was to determine whether... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Randomized Controlled Trial
Previous studies have suggested the efficacy of serotonergic agents in the treatment of pathological gambling. The aim of the present study was to determine whether treatment with paroxetine in a large sample of subjects with pathological gambling would effectively diminish the severity of gambling symptoms. A 16-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted at five outpatient academic research centres in two countries (USA and Spain). Seventy-six outpatients (mean age 45.4+/-10.6 years; 30 women, 46 men) with pathological gambling were randomized to acute treatment with paroxetine in flexible daily dosages of 10-60 mg/day (n=36) or placebo (n=40). The primary outcome measure was the Clinical Global Impressions scale. Both the paroxetine- and the placebo-treated groups demonstrated comparable improvement at 16 weeks (59% response rate in the paroxetine group, 49% rate in the placebo group; chi squared=0.737; d.f.=1; P=0.390). Paroxetine consistently resulted in a greater percentage of responders at each study visit compared to placebo but failed to demonstrate statistical superiority to placebo on scores on the Clinical Global Impressions scale, the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale Modified for Pathological Gambling, or the Gambling Symptom Assessment Scale. High rates of symptom improvement were observed in pathological gamblers receiving either paroxetine or placebo after 16 weeks. Paroxetine consistently demonstrated an advantage over placebo on the Clinical Global Impressions scale; however, a larger sample size may have registered significant differences.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Female; Gambling; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Paroxetine; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
PubMed: 12817159
DOI: 10.1097/00004850-200307000-00007